The document discusses different types of belting used to transmit power between rotating shafts in factories, including flat belts and V-belts. It provides objectives and formulas for calculating the length of open and closed belt drives, as well as the power transmitted by a belt based on the tension in the tight and slack sides and the belt velocity. Worked examples are included to demonstrate calculating belt length and transmitted power.
This document defines various terms used in gear terminology. It describes key geometric elements of gears like the pitch circle, which defines the size of a gear, pitch point and surface. It also defines angles like the pressure or angle of obliquity. Dimensions from the pitch circle are described, including addendum, dedendum, circles and total depth. Other terms covered include circular pitch, module, clearance, face and flank of a tooth, profile and fillet radius. The document was prepared to define standard gear terminology.
Pumps are mechanical devices that use kinetic energy to move fluids by decreasing pressure in the pump's suction and increasing pressure in the discharge. There are two main types of pumps: positive displacement pumps which move a fixed volume of fluid with each cycle, and centrifugal pumps which use an impeller to accelerate fluid and increase pressure. Common industrial pumps include centrifugal pumps like axial flow, mixed flow, and vertical turbine pumps as well as positive displacement pumps like reciprocating, screw, and gear pumps. Pumps have components like a casing, impeller, shaft, and seals and are classified according to their method of moving fluid.
Theory of machines by rs. khurmi_ solution manual _ chapter 11Darawan Wahid
This document provides solutions to problems involving belt drives, including calculations of speed ratios, tensions, power transmission, and efficiency. It solves for:
1) The speeds of driven pulleys using no-slip and slip equations, with sample speeds of 239.4 r.p.m and 232.22 r.p.m.
2) Transmitted power of 3.983 kW for a pulley drive system with given parameters.
3) A belt width of 67.4 mm needed to transmit 7.5 kW between pulleys without exceeding tension limits.
The study aimed to determine the performance of centrifugal pumps operating individually, in series, and in parallel. Experiments were conducted to collect head-flow data for a single pump, two pumps in series, and two pumps in parallel. The data was used to calculate output power, input power, and efficiency. Operating pumps in series increased the total head able to be achieved compared to a single pump, while operating in parallel increased the total flow rate. Combining multiple pumps improves overall pumping efficiency and performance.
This document discusses belt, rope, and chain drives used to transmit power between rotating shafts. It describes factors that affect the amount of power transmitted by belts, such as velocity, tension, and arc of contact. It also outlines conditions for proper belt use, types of belt drives based on power level, and sources of belt slippage. Additionally, it provides details on chain drives, including types of chains, construction, geometry considerations for sprockets and chain length, and recommended angle of contact.
Introduction to Gears & Dynamometers (Theory of Machines)Ishan Parekh
Gears are used to transmit rotational motion from one shaft to another. The three main types of gears are spur gears, helical gears, and bevel gears. Spur gears have teeth parallel to the axis of rotation and are used to transmit power between parallel shafts. Helical gears are cut at an angle, which allows them to engage more smoothly than spur gears. Bevel gears are used when the direction of shaft rotation needs to change, such as at right angles. Dynamometers are used to measure engine power output. Absorption dynamometers like the Prony brake and rope brake absorb power through friction, while transmission dynamometers measure torque transmitted through a transmission system.
THIS POWER POINT PRESENTATION IS ABOUT DESIGNING AND USE OF HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS.THIS PRESENTATION IS NOT COVERING WHOLE DESIGNING PART BUT YOU CAN REFER IT BY USING LINK GIVEN IN SLIDE NUMBER 12.I AM GRATEFUL TO OTHER AUTHORS WHOSE PRESENTATIONS HAVE WORKED AS REFERENCE FOR THIS PRESENTATION.
COMMENTS ARE ALWAYS WELCOMED.PLEASE FEEL FREE TO GIVE SUGGESTIONS IT HELPS ME TO IMPROVE MYSELF.THANK YOU
This document describes a student project to design and fabricate a hydraulic jack system for vehicles to make maintenance and service easier. It will be operated using a DC motor powered by the vehicle's battery. The system includes a hydraulic pump, reservoir, control unit, and left and right hydraulic jacks. It works based on Pascal's law and fluid power principles to allow small forces over large distances. The self-locking nut feature provides accident avoidance. Benefits include reduced human effort, time savings, and ability to operate when the engine is off. Some challenges are increased costs, weight, and need for battery power. Potential future improvements discussed.
This document defines various terms used in gear terminology. It describes key geometric elements of gears like the pitch circle, which defines the size of a gear, pitch point and surface. It also defines angles like the pressure or angle of obliquity. Dimensions from the pitch circle are described, including addendum, dedendum, circles and total depth. Other terms covered include circular pitch, module, clearance, face and flank of a tooth, profile and fillet radius. The document was prepared to define standard gear terminology.
Pumps are mechanical devices that use kinetic energy to move fluids by decreasing pressure in the pump's suction and increasing pressure in the discharge. There are two main types of pumps: positive displacement pumps which move a fixed volume of fluid with each cycle, and centrifugal pumps which use an impeller to accelerate fluid and increase pressure. Common industrial pumps include centrifugal pumps like axial flow, mixed flow, and vertical turbine pumps as well as positive displacement pumps like reciprocating, screw, and gear pumps. Pumps have components like a casing, impeller, shaft, and seals and are classified according to their method of moving fluid.
Theory of machines by rs. khurmi_ solution manual _ chapter 11Darawan Wahid
This document provides solutions to problems involving belt drives, including calculations of speed ratios, tensions, power transmission, and efficiency. It solves for:
1) The speeds of driven pulleys using no-slip and slip equations, with sample speeds of 239.4 r.p.m and 232.22 r.p.m.
2) Transmitted power of 3.983 kW for a pulley drive system with given parameters.
3) A belt width of 67.4 mm needed to transmit 7.5 kW between pulleys without exceeding tension limits.
The study aimed to determine the performance of centrifugal pumps operating individually, in series, and in parallel. Experiments were conducted to collect head-flow data for a single pump, two pumps in series, and two pumps in parallel. The data was used to calculate output power, input power, and efficiency. Operating pumps in series increased the total head able to be achieved compared to a single pump, while operating in parallel increased the total flow rate. Combining multiple pumps improves overall pumping efficiency and performance.
This document discusses belt, rope, and chain drives used to transmit power between rotating shafts. It describes factors that affect the amount of power transmitted by belts, such as velocity, tension, and arc of contact. It also outlines conditions for proper belt use, types of belt drives based on power level, and sources of belt slippage. Additionally, it provides details on chain drives, including types of chains, construction, geometry considerations for sprockets and chain length, and recommended angle of contact.
Introduction to Gears & Dynamometers (Theory of Machines)Ishan Parekh
Gears are used to transmit rotational motion from one shaft to another. The three main types of gears are spur gears, helical gears, and bevel gears. Spur gears have teeth parallel to the axis of rotation and are used to transmit power between parallel shafts. Helical gears are cut at an angle, which allows them to engage more smoothly than spur gears. Bevel gears are used when the direction of shaft rotation needs to change, such as at right angles. Dynamometers are used to measure engine power output. Absorption dynamometers like the Prony brake and rope brake absorb power through friction, while transmission dynamometers measure torque transmitted through a transmission system.
THIS POWER POINT PRESENTATION IS ABOUT DESIGNING AND USE OF HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS.THIS PRESENTATION IS NOT COVERING WHOLE DESIGNING PART BUT YOU CAN REFER IT BY USING LINK GIVEN IN SLIDE NUMBER 12.I AM GRATEFUL TO OTHER AUTHORS WHOSE PRESENTATIONS HAVE WORKED AS REFERENCE FOR THIS PRESENTATION.
COMMENTS ARE ALWAYS WELCOMED.PLEASE FEEL FREE TO GIVE SUGGESTIONS IT HELPS ME TO IMPROVE MYSELF.THANK YOU
This document describes a student project to design and fabricate a hydraulic jack system for vehicles to make maintenance and service easier. It will be operated using a DC motor powered by the vehicle's battery. The system includes a hydraulic pump, reservoir, control unit, and left and right hydraulic jacks. It works based on Pascal's law and fluid power principles to allow small forces over large distances. The self-locking nut feature provides accident avoidance. Benefits include reduced human effort, time savings, and ability to operate when the engine is off. Some challenges are increased costs, weight, and need for battery power. Potential future improvements discussed.
This document discusses belt drives and friction in bearings. It describes the components and functioning of belt drives, including types of belts, pulleys, velocity ratio calculations considering slippage, power transmission, and centrifugal effects. It also covers flat and conical pivot bearings, describing methods to calculate friction forces and wear for uniform pressure and wear distributions. Key points covered include belt material properties, V-belt wedging action, open and crossed belt drive configurations, and friction force calculations for flat and conical bearings.
The document outlines experiments conducted with pneumatic circuits. Students were asked to accurately construct pneumatic circuits and briefly report on their experiments in groups. Key experiments included circuits using directional control valves actuated by push buttons to extend and retract pistons. Students compared their experimental circuits to actual circuits and found differences in the types of directional control valves used. In conclusion, students learned how to systematically arrange pneumatic components and report on experiments, and it was recommended to replace damaged components to ensure students have enough to build circuits.
HYDRAULIC POWER GENERATING AND UTILIZING SYSTEMS
Introduction to fluid power system - Hydraulic fluids - functions, types, properties, selection and application.
POWER GENERATING ELEMENTS: Pumps, classification, working of different pumps such as Gear, Vane, Piston (axial and radial), pump performance or characteristics, pump selection factors- simple Problems.
POWER UTILIZING ELEMENTS: Fluid Power Actuators: Linear hydraulic actuators – Types and construction of hydraulic cylinders – Single acting, Double acting, special cylinders like tandem, Rodless, Telescopic, Cushioning mechanism.
Hydraulic Motors, types – Gear, Vane, Piston (axial and radial) – performance of motors.
The document discusses thermodynamics, dimensions and units, and fundamental concepts of thermodynamics. It defines thermodynamics as the science of energy, and discusses the conservation of energy principle and the first law of thermodynamics. It also defines dimensions as characteristics of physical quantities, and primary and secondary dimensions. Finally, it provides examples of converting between different units for dimensions like length, mass, time, and others.
This chapter introduces Basics of Pneumatics, Advantages & Disadvantages, Application and symbols to students who are taking Pneumatics and Hydraulics course in Polytechnics
A universal joint is used to transmit rotational motion between two intersecting shafts that are inclined at an angle. It allows the angle between the shafts to vary during operation. The main application is connecting the gear box to the differential or back axle of automobiles. It also transmits power to different spindles of drilling machines and is used as a knee joint in milling machines. The velocity of the follower shaft fluctuates between a maximum and minimum value while the driver shaft rotates at a constant velocity. A polar diagram shows the angular velocity of the driver as a circle and follower as an ellipse, with their velocities equal at four points per cycle.
This document provides an overview of belt drives for power transmission. It defines a belt as a flexible loop used to link rotating shafts. Belts transmit power efficiently and can accommodate shafts that are not axially aligned. The document outlines the advantages of belts, such as being cheap, vibration-free, and tolerant of misalignment. It also notes some disadvantages like varying angular velocity. Different types of belts are described, including flat belts, V-belts, timing belts, and others. Key factors in belt selection and design are also summarized.
The document discusses hydraulic systems used in mobile applications. It provides an overview of basic hydraulic systems and their advantages like being lighter weight and developing unlimited force. Hydraulic systems are widely used in mobile equipment like tractors, construction vehicles, and aircraft. The case study section examines the hydraulic system used in tractors for lifting and lowering agricultural implements. It describes the key components like the pump, valves, motor, and cylinder and explains how hydraulic pressure is used to transfer force via Pascal's law.
It is a type of steam engine where a pivoted overhead beam is used to apply the force from a vertical piston to a vertical connecting rod.
It is basically a 6 link mechanism that converts rotary motion of crank into linear straight line motion of vertical sliding link that in practice is used in pumps and other purposes.
The document describes a project report for the design and fabrication of a two speed variable transmission gearbox. It was submitted by two students, G. Aravind and S. Arun Muzhithevan, in partial fulfillment of their Bachelor of Engineering degree in Mechanical Engineering at St. Joseph's College of Engineering. The report provides an acknowledgment of those who assisted and supervised the project, a table of contents, descriptions of gearboxes and gear types such as spur gears, and explanations of concepts such as pitch circles and lines of action.
This document defines key terminology used in gear calculations, including:
- Pitch circle - An imaginary circle used to define gear size and motion
- Pitch diameter - The diameter of the pitch circle
- Addendum - The radial distance from the pitch circle to the top of the tooth
- Dedendum - The radial distance from the pitch circle to the bottom of the tooth
- Clearance - The radial distance between the top of one tooth and bottom of the other in mesh
Dial gauges are precision measurement tools used in manufacturing. They have a circular dial body, graduated dial, pointer, gear train, and lever or plunger. There are several types of dial gauges differentiated by their size, connection method, and dial face features. Common types include balanced reading gauges with positive and negative numbers on the dial, continuous gauges with numbers running in one direction, and plunger gauges which use a rack and pinion mechanism. Dial gauges are used to measure small linear distances and detect errors in geometric forms, deformation, positional errors of surfaces, and other precision measurements in manufacturing applications.
The document discusses dial indicators, which are precision measurement tools used to measure small distances and angles. It describes the basic components and principles of dial indicators, including different types such as probe indicators, dial test indicators, and digital dial indicators. It also covers their various applications in manufacturing and quality control processes, as well as tips for different indicator styles.
This document provides information about centrifugal pumps, including:
- Centrifugal pumps work by using centrifugal force to increase the pressure of a fluid. They have an impeller that spins inside a casing to impart velocity and pressure to the fluid.
- The main parts of a centrifugal pump are the impeller, casing, suction pipe, foot valve, strainer, and delivery pipe. The impeller increases the fluid's velocity and the casing converts the velocity to pressure.
- Centrifugal pumps can be used to lift fluids to high levels by imparting pressure through centrifugal force generated by the spinning impeller. Characteristic curves are used to understand a pump's performance at varying flow rates
The document discusses the four bar chain mechanism. It consists of four rigid links connected in the form of a quadrilateral by four pin joints. One link is fixed while the others move. It is the simplest closed loop linkage with three moving links, one fixed link, and four pin joints. This mechanism allows for the conversion of rotary motion to reciprocating motion as seen in devices like the beam engine. Variations of the four bar chain can create different mechanisms and complex linkages can be formed by combining multiple four bar chains. Recent uses include steering mechanisms for human powered vehicles and improved robot hand designs.
The document defines key terminology used in spur gear design, including:
- Pitch circle: An imaginary circle that would give the same motion as the actual gear through rolling action.
- Addendum: The distance from the pitch circle to the top of a tooth.
- Dedendum: The distance from the pitch circle to the bottom of a tooth.
- Circular pitch: The distance on the pitch circle between corresponding points on adjacent teeth.
- Pressure angle: The angle between the common normal and common tangent at the point of contact between two meshing gear teeth. Standard pressure angles are 14.5° and 20°.
This document discusses different types of pulleys used for flat belts, including their materials and designs. It describes cast iron, steel, wooden, and paper pulleys. Cast iron pulleys are commonly made with a rounded rim and may be solid or split. Steel pulleys are lighter than cast iron and made of pressed steel in two halves. Wooden pulleys are lighter than other materials but absorb moisture. Paper pulleys are used when shaft spacing is small. Fast and loose pulleys allow machines to be started or stopped independently. The document also provides procedures for designing cast iron pulleys, including determining dimensions based on diameter, belt width, torque requirements, and number and shape of arms.
Power transmission involves transferring rotational force from one component to another using gears. Gears come in different types depending on the position of their shafts, including spur gears, helical gears, bevel gears, and worm gears. Gears are used to change rotational speed and torque in machines and vehicles through gear trains and different gear ratios.
The document discusses instantaneous centers in mechanisms. It defines an instantaneous center as a point where one member rotates permanently or instantaneously around another, or where the velocities of two members are equal in both direction and magnitude. There are three types of instantaneous centers: fixed, permanent, and neither fixed nor permanent (secondary). Properties are that at the center, two links have no relative velocity and the same linear velocity relative to a third link. Instantaneous centers can be located by determining the number, identifying fixed and permanent centers, and using Kennedy's theorem to find secondary centers which lie on a straight line. An example four-bar mechanism shows the different types of centers.
This document discusses belt drives and friction in bearings. It describes the components and functioning of belt drives, including types of belts, pulleys, velocity ratio calculations considering slippage, power transmission, and centrifugal effects. It also covers flat and conical pivot bearings, describing methods to calculate friction forces and wear for uniform pressure and wear distributions. Key points covered include belt material properties, V-belt wedging action, open and crossed belt drive configurations, and friction force calculations for flat and conical bearings.
The document outlines experiments conducted with pneumatic circuits. Students were asked to accurately construct pneumatic circuits and briefly report on their experiments in groups. Key experiments included circuits using directional control valves actuated by push buttons to extend and retract pistons. Students compared their experimental circuits to actual circuits and found differences in the types of directional control valves used. In conclusion, students learned how to systematically arrange pneumatic components and report on experiments, and it was recommended to replace damaged components to ensure students have enough to build circuits.
HYDRAULIC POWER GENERATING AND UTILIZING SYSTEMS
Introduction to fluid power system - Hydraulic fluids - functions, types, properties, selection and application.
POWER GENERATING ELEMENTS: Pumps, classification, working of different pumps such as Gear, Vane, Piston (axial and radial), pump performance or characteristics, pump selection factors- simple Problems.
POWER UTILIZING ELEMENTS: Fluid Power Actuators: Linear hydraulic actuators – Types and construction of hydraulic cylinders – Single acting, Double acting, special cylinders like tandem, Rodless, Telescopic, Cushioning mechanism.
Hydraulic Motors, types – Gear, Vane, Piston (axial and radial) – performance of motors.
The document discusses thermodynamics, dimensions and units, and fundamental concepts of thermodynamics. It defines thermodynamics as the science of energy, and discusses the conservation of energy principle and the first law of thermodynamics. It also defines dimensions as characteristics of physical quantities, and primary and secondary dimensions. Finally, it provides examples of converting between different units for dimensions like length, mass, time, and others.
This chapter introduces Basics of Pneumatics, Advantages & Disadvantages, Application and symbols to students who are taking Pneumatics and Hydraulics course in Polytechnics
A universal joint is used to transmit rotational motion between two intersecting shafts that are inclined at an angle. It allows the angle between the shafts to vary during operation. The main application is connecting the gear box to the differential or back axle of automobiles. It also transmits power to different spindles of drilling machines and is used as a knee joint in milling machines. The velocity of the follower shaft fluctuates between a maximum and minimum value while the driver shaft rotates at a constant velocity. A polar diagram shows the angular velocity of the driver as a circle and follower as an ellipse, with their velocities equal at four points per cycle.
This document provides an overview of belt drives for power transmission. It defines a belt as a flexible loop used to link rotating shafts. Belts transmit power efficiently and can accommodate shafts that are not axially aligned. The document outlines the advantages of belts, such as being cheap, vibration-free, and tolerant of misalignment. It also notes some disadvantages like varying angular velocity. Different types of belts are described, including flat belts, V-belts, timing belts, and others. Key factors in belt selection and design are also summarized.
The document discusses hydraulic systems used in mobile applications. It provides an overview of basic hydraulic systems and their advantages like being lighter weight and developing unlimited force. Hydraulic systems are widely used in mobile equipment like tractors, construction vehicles, and aircraft. The case study section examines the hydraulic system used in tractors for lifting and lowering agricultural implements. It describes the key components like the pump, valves, motor, and cylinder and explains how hydraulic pressure is used to transfer force via Pascal's law.
It is a type of steam engine where a pivoted overhead beam is used to apply the force from a vertical piston to a vertical connecting rod.
It is basically a 6 link mechanism that converts rotary motion of crank into linear straight line motion of vertical sliding link that in practice is used in pumps and other purposes.
The document describes a project report for the design and fabrication of a two speed variable transmission gearbox. It was submitted by two students, G. Aravind and S. Arun Muzhithevan, in partial fulfillment of their Bachelor of Engineering degree in Mechanical Engineering at St. Joseph's College of Engineering. The report provides an acknowledgment of those who assisted and supervised the project, a table of contents, descriptions of gearboxes and gear types such as spur gears, and explanations of concepts such as pitch circles and lines of action.
This document defines key terminology used in gear calculations, including:
- Pitch circle - An imaginary circle used to define gear size and motion
- Pitch diameter - The diameter of the pitch circle
- Addendum - The radial distance from the pitch circle to the top of the tooth
- Dedendum - The radial distance from the pitch circle to the bottom of the tooth
- Clearance - The radial distance between the top of one tooth and bottom of the other in mesh
Dial gauges are precision measurement tools used in manufacturing. They have a circular dial body, graduated dial, pointer, gear train, and lever or plunger. There are several types of dial gauges differentiated by their size, connection method, and dial face features. Common types include balanced reading gauges with positive and negative numbers on the dial, continuous gauges with numbers running in one direction, and plunger gauges which use a rack and pinion mechanism. Dial gauges are used to measure small linear distances and detect errors in geometric forms, deformation, positional errors of surfaces, and other precision measurements in manufacturing applications.
The document discusses dial indicators, which are precision measurement tools used to measure small distances and angles. It describes the basic components and principles of dial indicators, including different types such as probe indicators, dial test indicators, and digital dial indicators. It also covers their various applications in manufacturing and quality control processes, as well as tips for different indicator styles.
This document provides information about centrifugal pumps, including:
- Centrifugal pumps work by using centrifugal force to increase the pressure of a fluid. They have an impeller that spins inside a casing to impart velocity and pressure to the fluid.
- The main parts of a centrifugal pump are the impeller, casing, suction pipe, foot valve, strainer, and delivery pipe. The impeller increases the fluid's velocity and the casing converts the velocity to pressure.
- Centrifugal pumps can be used to lift fluids to high levels by imparting pressure through centrifugal force generated by the spinning impeller. Characteristic curves are used to understand a pump's performance at varying flow rates
The document discusses the four bar chain mechanism. It consists of four rigid links connected in the form of a quadrilateral by four pin joints. One link is fixed while the others move. It is the simplest closed loop linkage with three moving links, one fixed link, and four pin joints. This mechanism allows for the conversion of rotary motion to reciprocating motion as seen in devices like the beam engine. Variations of the four bar chain can create different mechanisms and complex linkages can be formed by combining multiple four bar chains. Recent uses include steering mechanisms for human powered vehicles and improved robot hand designs.
The document defines key terminology used in spur gear design, including:
- Pitch circle: An imaginary circle that would give the same motion as the actual gear through rolling action.
- Addendum: The distance from the pitch circle to the top of a tooth.
- Dedendum: The distance from the pitch circle to the bottom of a tooth.
- Circular pitch: The distance on the pitch circle between corresponding points on adjacent teeth.
- Pressure angle: The angle between the common normal and common tangent at the point of contact between two meshing gear teeth. Standard pressure angles are 14.5° and 20°.
This document discusses different types of pulleys used for flat belts, including their materials and designs. It describes cast iron, steel, wooden, and paper pulleys. Cast iron pulleys are commonly made with a rounded rim and may be solid or split. Steel pulleys are lighter than cast iron and made of pressed steel in two halves. Wooden pulleys are lighter than other materials but absorb moisture. Paper pulleys are used when shaft spacing is small. Fast and loose pulleys allow machines to be started or stopped independently. The document also provides procedures for designing cast iron pulleys, including determining dimensions based on diameter, belt width, torque requirements, and number and shape of arms.
Power transmission involves transferring rotational force from one component to another using gears. Gears come in different types depending on the position of their shafts, including spur gears, helical gears, bevel gears, and worm gears. Gears are used to change rotational speed and torque in machines and vehicles through gear trains and different gear ratios.
The document discusses instantaneous centers in mechanisms. It defines an instantaneous center as a point where one member rotates permanently or instantaneously around another, or where the velocities of two members are equal in both direction and magnitude. There are three types of instantaneous centers: fixed, permanent, and neither fixed nor permanent (secondary). Properties are that at the center, two links have no relative velocity and the same linear velocity relative to a third link. Instantaneous centers can be located by determining the number, identifying fixed and permanent centers, and using Kennedy's theorem to find secondary centers which lie on a straight line. An example four-bar mechanism shows the different types of centers.
This document discusses different types of gears used in mechanical systems to transmit rotational motion between parallel or intersecting shafts. It describes spur gears, helical gears, bevel gears, and worm gears. Key terminology for gears like pitch circle, diametral pitch, module, addendum, dedendum, and contact ratio are defined. The fundamental law of gearing relating the rotational speeds of meshing gears is explained. Involute tooth profiles and pressure angles are also covered.
This document provides an overview of gears and gear trains. It defines gears as toothed wheels that transmit motion between two shafts, and gear trains as combinations of two or more meshing gears. The document then discusses the types of gears based on axis position and peripheral velocity, as well as the materials and manufacturing processes used to make gears. Finally, applications of gear trains are described, including their use in differentials to allow wheels to rotate at different speeds.
Mechanical Engineering : Engineering mechanics, THE GATE ACADEMYklirantga
THE GATE ACADEMY's GATE Correspondence Materials consist of complete GATE syllabus in the form of booklets with theory, solved examples, model tests, formulae and questions in various levels of difficulty in all the topics of the syllabus. The material is designed in such a way that it has proven to be an ideal material in-terms of an accurate and efficient preparation for GATE.
Quick Refresher Guide : is especially developed for the students, for their quick revision of concepts preparing for GATE examination. Also get 1 All India Mock Tests with results including Rank,Percentile,detailed performance analysis and with video solutions
GATE QUESTION BANK : is a topic-wise and subject wise collection of previous year GATE questions ( 2001 – 2013). Also get 1 All India Mock Tests with results including Rank,Percentile,detailed performance analysis and with video solutions
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1. The document discusses methods for analyzing the velocity of mechanisms using graphical methods. It provides examples of determining velocities in four-bar and slider crank mechanisms using velocity vector diagrams.
2. Steps include drawing the configuration, choosing scales, locating fixed and rotating links, determining individual link velocities, and using ratios and angular velocities to find velocities of offset points.
3. Velocities include links, sliding surfaces, and rubbing velocities at joints. Solutions are shown for examples involving determining multiple velocities in different mechanisms.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise boosts blood flow, releases endorphins, and promotes changes in the brain which help regulate emotions and stress levels.
Gears are components that transmit rotational motion from one shaft to another. There are several types of gears according to the position of their axes, including parallel gears like spur and helical gears, intersecting gears like bevel gears, and non-parallel, non-intersecting gears like worm gears. Gear trains involve two or more gears meshing together to reduce speed and increase torque. Common gear train types are simple, compound, and planetary gear trains. Planetary gear trains are popular for automatic transmissions due to their high gear ratios.
This document discusses power transmission using belt drives. It begins by introducing belt drives as a system used to transmit power from one mechanical element to another. The main types of belt drives are then described, including flat belts, V-belts, and circular belts. Key terms used in belt drives like driver, driven, tight side, and slack side are also defined. The document then discusses factors for selecting a belt drive system and provides examples of belt drives in various machines. It also covers velocity ratio calculations, slippage calculations, and examples problems determining pulley sizes for required speeds.
This document provides definitions and concepts related to machine elements design. It covers topics such as factor of safety, endurance limit, impact loads, design process phases, types of loads/stresses, factors affecting endurance strength, types of fractures, spring types and properties, joints, keys, couplings, screws, welds and failures. It contains questions and answers on these topics across 4 units - stresses and strains, shafts, fasteners and joints, and springs.
The document discusses the basics of electric motors including their advantages, factors to consider when selecting a motor such as power requirements and nameplate information, different types of motor drives including pulleys and belts, examples of calculations for determining pulley speeds and diameters, determining belt length, step pulleys, and types of motor switches. The document provides information on electric motors to help with proper selection and understanding of their operation.
This document discusses gears, including their types, nomenclature, applications, and gear trains. It describes common gear types like spur gears, helical gears, bevel gears, and worm gears. It defines gear terminology like pitch circle, diametral pitch, and module. It also explains different gear train configurations like simple, compound, and planetary gear trains and their applications.
The document summarizes key concepts about materials including:
1) At the atomic level, materials are composed of elements with distinct atomic structures, which bond together in crystalline or noncrystalline forms. Common bonding types include ionic, covalent, and metallic.
2) Crystalline materials have long-range ordered atomic structures with repeating unit cells, while noncrystalline materials lack long-range order.
3) Metals typically have body-centered cubic, face-centered cubic, or hexagonal crystalline structures and metallic bonding, making them strong yet ductile. Ceramics and polymers have other bonding types and properties.
The document discusses machine design and provides examples. It defines machine design as the process of selecting materials, shapes, sizes, and arrangements of mechanical elements so a machine can perform its intended task. As an example, it describes the process of designing a belt drive, which involves selecting elements like pulleys and belts, their shapes and materials, and their sizes. It also mentions classification and considerations in machine design processes, and provides a simple example of designing an L-shaped bracket.
The document discusses the analysis and synthesis of mechanisms and machines. It provides definitions and explanations of key concepts related to kinematics and dynamics of machines including links, kinematic pairs, degrees of freedom, mechanisms, and machines. The summary discusses the analysis of existing mechanisms to study their motions and forces, while synthesis involves designing the parts of a mechanism. Key types of links, kinematic pairs, and methods for determining degrees of freedom of mechanisms are also summarized.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
Three types of gear trains are described:
1. Simple gear trains involve one gear on each shaft to transmit power.
2. Compound gear trains have more than one gear on a shaft, allowing for larger speed reductions.
3. Epicyclic gear trains have gears mounted on shafts that can move relative to a fixed axis, enabling high velocity ratios with moderate sized gears. Epicyclic trains are used in automotive differentials and machinery.
Course Outcome and Program Outcome Calculation(new method)Ravikumar Tiwari
This presentation explains the new method (based on attainment level) of Course Outcome and Program Outcome Calculation. (with reference to National Board of Accreditation new SAR)
This document discusses kinematic analysis and various methods for velocity analysis of mechanisms. It covers graphical methods, the relative velocity method, instantaneous center method, and the vector loop method. The instantaneous center method is described in detail, including locating instantaneous centers, Kennedy's theorem on three centers in a line, and examples of applying this method to determine velocities and angular velocities in different mechanisms.
This document provides an introduction to kinematics and the analysis of mechanisms using velocity and acceleration diagrams. It discusses:
1. Key concepts in mechanisms including different types of motion transformations and common mechanism components like four-bar linkages.
2. How to determine the displacement, velocity, and acceleration of points within a mechanism using either mathematical equations or graphical methods using velocity and acceleration diagrams.
3. How to construct velocity diagrams by determining the absolute and relative velocities of points and drawing them as vectors. This allows solving for unknown velocities.
4. How to extend the method to acceleration diagrams to determine centripetal and other accelerations which are important for calculating inertia forces.
The document provides examples
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1. BELTING J 3010/6/1
UNIT 6
BELTING
OBJECTIVES
General Objective : To understand and apply the concept of belting
Specific Objectives : At the end of this unit you will be able to:
state the difference between open and close belt.
explain that power transmitted by the flat belt and V belt.
explain that ratio tension for flat and V belt.
calculate power transmitted by the belt with consider
centrifugal force.
2. BELTING J 3010/6/2
INPUT
6.0 INTRODUCTION
In factories, the power has to be
transmitted from one shaft to another,
then belt driving between pulleys on
the shafts may be used.
The pulley rotating shaft is called driver. The pulley intended to rotate is
known, as follower or driven. When the driver rotates, it carries the belt that
grip between its surface and the belt. The belt, in turn, carries the driven
pulley which starts rotating. The grip between the pulley and the belt is
obtained by friction, which arises from pressure between the belt and the
pulley.
(a) Types of belts
The flat belt is mostly used in the factories and work shops,
where a moderate amount of power is to be transmitted, from one
pulley to another, when the two pulleys are not more than 10 m a part.
The V-belt is mostly used in the factories and work shops
where a great amount of power is to be transmitted, from one pulley
to another, when the two pulleys are very near to each other.
3. BELTING J 3010/6/3
The types of belts:-
a. flat belt
b. V belt
6.1 LENGTH OF AN OPEN BELT DRIVE
A
B
K
α1 α2 C
O1 O2
F
r2
r1
D
E
d
Fig.6.1 Open belt drive
O1 and O2 = Centers of two pulleys
r1 and r2 = radius of the larger and smaller pulleys
d = Distance between O1 and O2
L = Total length of the belt.
Angle AO1O2 = α1
Angle BO2C = α2
Angle AFE = θ1 (radian)
Angle BCD = θ2 (radian)
4. BELTING J 3010/6/4
We know that the length of the belt,
L = Arc AFE + ED + Arc DCB + BA
r1 r2
Cos α1 =
d
r r
α1 = cos-1 1 2
d
θ1 = 2π - 2α1
= 2 (π - α1) (radian)
θ2 = α1 = 2 α2 (radian)
Arc AFE = r1θ1
Arc DCB = r2θ2
And ED = BA = KO2
KO2
Sin α1 =
d
KO2 = d Sin α1
Finally the total of length of belt,
L = Arc AFE + ED + Arc DCB + BA
= r1θ1 + d Sin α1 + r2θ2 + d Sin α1
= r1θ1 + r2θ2 + 2d Sin α1
5. BELTING J 3010/6/5
Example 6.1
Find the length of belt necessary to drive a pulley of 480 cm diameter running
parallel at a distance of 12 meter from the driving pulley of diameter 80 cm. This
system is an open belt drive.
Solution 6.1
A
B
K
F α1 O2 α2 C
O1
r2
r1 D
E
d
Fig.6.2 Open belt drive
O1 and O2 = Centers of two pulleys
r1 and r2 = radius of the larger and smaller pulleys
d = Distance between O1 and O2
L = Total length of the belt.
Angle AO1O2 = α1
Angle BO2C = α2
Angle AFE = θ1 (radian)
Angle BCD = θ2 (radian)
Radius of smaller pulley = 80/2 = 40 cm.
Radius of larger pulley = 480/2 = 240 cm.
Distance between the pulleys, d = 12m = 1 200 cm
We know that the length of belt is,
L = Arc AFE + ED + Arc DCB + BA
r1 r2 240 40
Cos α1 = =
d 1200
6. BELTING J 3010/6/6
240 40
α1 = cos-1
1200
= cos-1 0.16667
= 80º
α1 = 1.396 radian
θ1 = 2π - 2α1
= 2 (π - 1.396 ) (radian)
= 3.491 radian
θ2 = 2α1 = 2 α2 (radian)
= 2 (1.396 )
= 2.792 radian
Arc AFE = r1θ1
= 240 x 3.491
= 837.84 cm
Arc DCB = r2θ2
= 40 x 2.792
= 111.68 cm
And ED = BA = KO2
KO2
Sin 80º =
d
KO2 = d Sin α1 = 1 200 x 0.98481
= 1181.77 m
Finally the total of belt length is
L = Arc AFE + ED + Arc DCB + BA
= r1θ1 + d Sin α1 + r2θ2 + d Sin α1
= r1θ1 + r2θ2 + 2d Sin α1
= 240 x 3.491 + 40 x 2.792 +2 x 1181.77
= 837.84 + 111.68 + 2363.54
= 3313.06 cm
= 33.13 m
7. BELTING J 3010/6/7
6.2 LENGTH OF CLOSE BELT DRIVE
K
A
D
C
O1 α1 α2 O2
F
r2
r1
B
E
d
Fig.6.3 Cross belt drive
O1 and O2 = Centers of two pulleys
r1 and r2 = radius of the larger and smaller pulleys
d = Distance between O1 and O2
L = Total length of the belt.
Angle AO1O2 = α1
Angle DO2O1 = α2
Angle AFE = θ1 (radian)
Angle BCD = θ2 (radian)
We know that the length of the belt is
L = Arc AFE + ED + Arc DCB + BA
r1 r2
Cos α1 =
d
r r
α1 = cos-1 1 2
d
θ1 = 2π - 2α1
= 2 (π - α1) (radian)
θ1 = θ2
8. BELTING J 3010/6/8
Arc AFE = r1θ1
Arc DCB = r2θ2
And ED = BA = KO2
KO2
Sin α1 =
d
KO2 = d Sin α1
Finally the total of length belt,
L = Arc AFE + ED + Arc DCB + BA
= r1θ1 + d Sin α1 + r2θ2 + d Sin α1
= r1θ1 + r2θ2 + 2d Sin α1
Example 6.2
Find the length of belt for a cross belt drive system. The diameter of
the drive pulley is 480 cm which running parallel at a distance of 12
meter from the driving pulley which has a diameter of 80 cm.
Solution 6.2
K
A
D
α1 α2 C
F O1 O2
r2
r1
B
E
d
Fig.6.4 Cross belt drive
9. BELTING J 3010/6/9
O1 and O2 = Centers of two pulleys
r1 and r2 = radius of the larger and smaller pulleys
d = distance between O1 and O2
L = Total length of the belt.
Angle AO1O2 = α1
Angle DO2O1 = α2
Angle AFE = θ1 (radian)
Angle BCD = θ2 (radian)
Radius of smaller pulley = 80/2 = 40 cm.
Radius of larger pulley = 480/2 = 240 cm.
Distance between the pulleys, d = 12m = 1 200 cm
We know that the length of the belt,
L = Arc AFE + ED + Arc DCB + BA
r1 r2 240 40
Cos α1 = =
d 1200
240 40
α1 = cos-1
1200
-1
= cos 0.23333
= 76.5º
α1 = 1.335 radian
θ1 = 2π - 2α1
= 2 (π - α1) (radian)
= 2 (π - 1.335) (radian)
= 3.613 radian
θ1 = θ2
Arc AFE = r1θ1
= 240 x 3.613
= 867.12 cm
Arc DCB = r2θ2
= 40 x 3.613
= 144.52 cm
And
ED = BA = KO2
KO2
Sin α1 =
d
KO2 = d Sin 76.5º =1 200 x 0.9724
ED = BA = KO2 = 1166.88 cm
10. BELTING J 3010/6/10
Finally the total of length belt,
L= Arc AFE + ED + Arc DCB + BA
= r1θ1 + d Sinα1 + r2θ2 + d Sin α1
= r1θ1 + r2θ2 + 2d Sin α1
= 240 x 3.613 + 240 x 3.613 + 2 x 1 200 Sin 76.5º
= 867.12 + 144.52 + 2333.76
= 3345.4 cm
L = 33.45 m
11. BELTING J 3010/6/11
Activity 6A
TEST YOUR UNDERSTANDING BEFORE YOU CONTINUE WITH THE
NEXT INPUT…!
6.1 Two pulleys, one with a 450 mm diameter and the other with a 200 mm
diameter are on parallel shaft of 1.95 m apart and are connected by a cross
belt. Find the length of the belt required and the angle of contact between
the belt and each pulley.
6.2 It is required to drive a shaft B at 620 rpm by means of a belt from a parallel
shaft A. A pulley of 30 cm diameter on shaft A runs at 240 rpm. Determine
the size of pulley on the shaft B.
6.3 Find the length of belt necessary to drive a pulley of 1.4 m diameter running
parallel at a distance of 1.7 meter from the driving pulley of diameter 0.5 m.
It is connected by an open belt.
N1 d 2
N 2 d1
N1 = speed diver in rpm
N2 = speed follower in rpm
d1 ,d2 = diameter pulley driver and
follower.
12. BELTING J 3010/6/12
Feedback to Activity 6A
Have you tried the questions????? If “YES”, check your answers now
6.1 4.975 m; 199 or 3.473 radian.
6.2. 11.6 cm
6.3 6.51 m
13. BELTING J 3010/6/13
INPUT
6.3 POWER TRANSMITTED BY A BELT
Power = (T1 –T2) v
Where, T1 =Tension in tight side
in Newton.
T2 = Tension in slack side.
V = velocity of belt
Fig. 6.5, shows the driving pulley (i.e., driver) A and the follower B.
The driving pulley pulls the belt from one side, and delivers the same to the
other.The maximum tension in the tight side will be greater than that
slack side.
Fig. 6.5
Torque exerted on the driving pulley
= ( T1 - T2) r1
Torque exerted on the driven or follower
= ( T1 - T2) r2
Power transmitted = Force x distance
= ( T1 - T2) v
14. BELTING J 3010/6/14
Example 6.3
The tension in the two sides of the belt are 100 N and 80 N respectively. If
the speed of the belt is 75 meters per second. Find the power transmitted by
the belt.
Solution 6.3
Given,
Tension in tight side,
T1 = 100 N
Tension in slack side,
T2 = 80 N
Velocity of belt, v = 75 m/s
Let P = Power transmitted by the belt
Using the relation,
Power = (T1 –T2) v
= ( 100 – 80) 75
= 1500 watt
= 1.5 kw.
15. BELTING J 3010/6/15
Activity 6B
TEST YOUR UNDERSTANDING BEFORE YOU CONTINUE WITH THE
NEXT INPUT…!
6.4. Find the tension in the tight side, if the tension in slack side 150 N. The speed
of the belt is 58 meters per second and the power transmitted by this
belt is 2 kw.
6.5 Diameter of driver is 50 mm. If the driver transmits 8 kw when it is rotating
at 300 rev/ min. Calculate velocity of driver.
6.6 The tension in the two sides of the belt are 300 N and 180 N respectively. If
the speed of the belt is 50 meters per second, find the initial tension and
power transmitted by the belt.
6.7 A 100 mm diameter pulley is belt-driven from a 400 mm diameter pulley.
The 400 mm pulley rotates at 480 rev/min. The number of rev/sec of the
100 mm diameter pulley is
A. 2 B. 32 C. 120 D. 1920
T1 T2
T0 =
2
Where, T0 = Initial tension in the belt.
16. BELTING J 3010/6/16
Feedback to Activity 6B
Have you tried the questions????? If “YES”, check your answers now
6.4 115.5 N
6.5 0.785 m/s
6.6 6 000 watt or 6 kw; 240 N
6.7 B. 32
17. BELTING J 3010/6/17
INPUT
6.4 RATIO OF TENSIONS.
Fig. 6.6
Consider a driven pulley rotating in the clockwise direction as in fig 6.6.
Let T1 = Tension in the belt on the tight side.
T2 = Tension in the belt on the slack side.
ө = An angle of contact in radians (i.e , angle subtended by the arc
AB, along which the belt touches the pulley, at the centre)
Now consider a small position of the belt PQ, subtending an angle at the
centre of the pulley as shown fig 6.6. The belt PQ is in equilibrium under the
following force:
i. Tension T in the belt at P.
ii. Tension T + T in the belt at Q.
iii. Normal reaction R, and
iv. Frictional force F = x R
Where is the coefficient of friction between the belt and pulley.
Resolving all the forces horizontally and equating the same,
18. BELTING J 3010/6/18
R = ( T + T) sin + T sin (6.1)
2 2
Since the is very small, therefore, substituting,
sin = in equation 6.1
2 2
R = ( T + T) +T
2 2
T T T .
= + +
2 2 2
T
= T. ( neglecting ) (6.2)
2
Now resolving the forces vertically,
x R = (T + T) cos - T cos (6.3)
2 2
Since the angle . is very small, therefore substituting cos = 1 in
2
equation 6.3 or, xR = T + T – T = T
T
R = (6.4)
Equating the values of R from equation 6.2 and 6.4,
T
Or T. =
T
Or = .
T
Integrating both sides from A to B,
T
T1
T
T2
0
T1
or loge =
T2
T1
= e ration of tension for flat belt
T2
T1
= e /sin ration of tension for V belt
T2
where = half angle of groove
19. BELTING J 3010/6/19
Example 6.4
Find the power transmitted by a belt running over a pulley of 60 cm diameter
at 200 rpm. The coefficient of friction between the pulley is 0.25, angle of lap
160 and maximum tension in the belt is 250 KN.
Solution 6.4
Given,
Diameter of pulley, d = 60 cm = 0.6 m
Speed of pulley N = 200 rpm
dN x 0.6 x 200
Speed of belt, v = = = 2 = 6.28 m/ sec
60 60
Coefficient of friction,
μ = 0.25
160 x
Angle of contact, = 160 = = 2.7926 radian.
180
Maximum tension in the belt,
T1 = 250 kN
Let P = power transmitted by the belt.
Using the relation,
T1
= e
T2
= e 0.25 x 2.7926
T1
= 2.01
T2
T1 250
T2 = = = 124.38 kN
2.01 2.01
Now using the relation,
P = (T1 –T2 ) v
= ( 250 - 124.38 ) 6.28
= 788.89 watt
P = 0.79 kw
20. BELTING J 3010/6/20
INPUT
6.5 CENTRIFUGAL TENSION.
Fig.6.7
The tension caused by centrifugal force is called centrifugal tension. At lower
speeds the centrifugal tension is very small, but at higher speeds its effect is
considerable, and thus should be taken into account.
Consider a small portion PQ of the belt subtending an angle d at the centre
of the pulley as show in fig 6.7.
Let M = mass of the belt per unit length,
V = linear velocity of the belt,
r = radius of the pulley over which the belt runs,
Tc = Centrifugal tension acting tangentially at P and Q.
Length of the belt PQ,
= r d
Mass of the belt PQ,
M = M r d
We know that centrifugal force,
= M v2/r
21. BELTING J 3010/6/21
Centrifugal force of the belt PQ
M x r.d v 2
=
r
= M x d v 2
The centrifugal tension (Tc) acting tangentially at P and Q keeps the belt in
equilibrium.
Now resolving the force (i.e, centrifugal force and centrifugal tension)
horizontally and equating the same,
d
2 Tc sin = M x d v 2
2
since angle d is very small, therefore, substituting
d d
sin =
2 2
d
2 Tc = M x d v 2
2
Tc = M x d v 2 / d
Tc = M v2
T1 Tc
e ratio tension for flat belt.
T2 Tc
T1 Tc
e / sin ratio tension for V belt
T2 Tc
6.5.1 Condition for the transmission of maximum power
The maximum power,
When T c = ⅓T1
It shows that the power transmitted is maximum ⅓ of the maximum tension
is absorbed as centrifugal tension.
The velocity of belt for maximum transmission of power may be
obtained from equation T1 = 3Tc = M v2.
22. BELTING J 3010/6/22
3 T1
v2 =
M
T1
v =
3M
Example 6.5
An open belt drive connects two pulleys 1.2 m and 0.5 m diameter, on
parallel shafts 3.6 m apart. The belt has a mass of 0.9 kg/m length and the
maximum tension in it is not exceed 2 kN. The larger pulley runs at 200
rev/min. Calculate the torque on each of the two shafts and the power
transmitted. Coefficient of friction is 0.3 and angle of lap on the smaller
pulley is 168° ( 2.947 radian ).
Solution 6.5
Given
Diameter of larger pulley,
d1 = 1.2 m
Radius of the larger pulley,
r1 = 0.6
Diameter of smaller pulley,
d2 =0.5 m
Radius of the smaller pulley,
r2 = 0.25 m
Distance between two shaft,
D = 3.6 m
Mass of the belt per meter length,
M = 0.9 kg/m
Maximum Tension, T1 = 2 kN = 2 000 N
Speed of the larger pulley
= 200 rpm
Velocity of the belt,
x 1.2 x 200
V= = 12.57 m/s
60
T c = Mv2
= 0.9 x 12.572
= 142.2 N
23. BELTING J 3010/6/23
e µθ = e 0.3 x 2.947
= 2.421
Using the relation,
T1 Tc
e
T2 Tc
2000 142.2
= 2.421
T2 142.2
(T2 – 142.2) 2.421 = 1857.8
1857.8
(T2 – 142.2) = = 767.37
2.421
T2 = 767.37 + 142.2
T2 = 909.57 N
We know that the torque on the larger pulley shaft (TL),
TL = ( T1 – T2) r1
= ( 2000 – 909.57) 0.6
= 654.26 Nm.
Torque on the smaller pulley shaft (Ts),
Ts = ( T1 – T2) r2
= (2000 – 909.57) 0.25
= 272.61 Nm.
Power transmitted, P = ( T1 – T2)v
= ( 2000 – 909.57) 12.57
= 13706.71 watt
= 13.71 kw
24. BELTING J 3010/6/24
Activity 6C
TEST YOUR UNDERSTANDING BEFORE YOU CONTINUE TO THE NEXT
INPUT…!
6.8 Two pulleys, one with a 450 mm diameter and the other with a 200 mm
diameter are on parallel of shafts 1.95 m apart. What power can be
transmitted by the belt when the larger pulley rotates at 200 rev/min, if the
maximum permissible tension in the belt is 1 kN and the coefficient of
friction between the belt and pulley is 0.25. Angle of contact between the belt
and larger pulley is 3.477 radian.
6.9 Find the power transmitted by a V drive from the following data:
Angle of contact = 84º
Pulley groove angle = 45º
Coefficient of friction = 0.25
Mass of belt per meter length = 0.472 kg/m
Permissible tension = 139 N
Velocity of V belt = 12.57 m/s.
6.10 An open belt drive connects two pulleys 1.2 m and 0.6 m, on parallel shafts 3
m apart. The belt has a mass 0f 0.56 kg/m and maximum tension is 1.5 kN. The
driver pulley runs at 300 rev/min. Calculate the inertial tension, power
transmitted and maximum power. The coefficient of friction between the belt
and the pulley surface is 0.3.
25. BELTING J 3010/6/25
Feedback to Activity 6C
Have you tried the questions????? If “YES”, check your answers now
6.8 2 740 watt or 2.74 kw
6.9 591 watt.
6.10 1074.5 N ; 8.0 kw ; 17.54 kw.
26. BELTING J 3010/6/26
SELF-ASSESSMENT 6
You are approaching success. Try all the questions in this self-assessment section
and check your answers with those given in the Feedback on Self-Assessment 6
given on the next page. If you face any problems, discuss it with your lecturer.
Good luck.
1. A pulley is driven by a flat belt running at speed of 600 m/min. The
coefficient of friction between the pulley and the belt is 0.3 and the angle lap
is 160°. If the maximum tension in the belt is 700 N, find the power
transmitted by a belt.
2. A leather belt, 125 mm wide and 6 mm thick, transmits power from a pulley
of 750 mm diameter which run at 500 rpm. The angle of lap is 150° and
µ = 0.3. If the mass of 1 m3 of leather is 1 Mg and the stress in the belt does
not exceed 2.75 MN/m2, find the maximum power that can be transmitted.
3. A flat belt, 8 mm thick and 100 mm wide transmits power between two
pulleys, running at 1 600 m/min. The mass of the belt is 0.9 kg/m length. The
angle of lap in the smaller pulley is 165° and the coefficient of friction
between the belt and pulleys is 0.3. If the maximum permissible stress in the
belt is 2 MN/m2, find
(i) Maximum power transmitted; and
(ii) Initial tension in the belt.
4. The moment on a pulley, which produces the rotation of the pulley is called:
A. Momentum B. Torque C. Work D. Energy
5. If T1 and T2 are the tension in the tight and slack sides of a belt and θ is the
angle of contact between the belt and pulley. Coefficient of friction is μ, then
the ratio of driving tension will be:
T T T T
A. 2 e B. 1 e C. 1 D. log10 1
T1 T2 T2 T2
27. BELTING J 3010/6/27
Feedback to Self-Assessment 6
Have you tried the questions????? If “YES”, check your answers now.
1. 3.974 kw ( see example 6.4)
2. 18.97 kw
3. (i) 14.281 kw
(ii) 1.3221 kN
4. B. Torque
T1
5. B. e CONGRATULATIONS!!!!…..
T2 May success be with you
always….