This document discusses secure email software using extended SMTP (ESMTP). It begins with an abstract that outlines the security issues with the original SMTP protocol and proposes a new email transfer model with a central server for authentication and authorization. The document then provides details on the original SMTP protocol and its limitations regarding security, as well as the ESMTP extension which aims to address those limitations. Key features of ESMTP like 8BITMIME and SMTP-AUTH are described. Different methods for retrieving emails like IMAP and POP3 are also covered. Finally, the document reviews various studies that have explored improving email security through approaches like SSL connections, identity-based authentication, encryption, and signcryption.
This document provides an overview of ISUP (Integrated Services Digital Network User Part) call signaling procedures. It describes the basic ISUP call sequence, message structure, and key messages and parameters. Procedures covered include early ACM, suspend-resume, enbloc and overlap dialing methods, continuity checks, circuit management messages like RSC and GRS, and call progress messages. Mandatory parameters are listed for main ISUP messages like IAM, ACM, ANM, REL and CPG.
DSNs & X.400 assist in ensuring email reliabilityIOSR Journals
This document discusses tools that can help ensure email reliability by automatically responding to reports of undeliverability. It describes how Delivery Status Notifications (DSNs) and the Alternate Recipient Assignment Service from the X.400 protocol can help detect email failures and retransmit messages to alternate recipients. The document provides background on how SMTP works and how messages can get lost, before explaining how DSNs provide positive and negative delivery feedback. It also discusses issues with using alternate recipients and describes an implementation of these reliability tools as a Java proxy application.
This document discusses various topics related to computer networking including routing, addressing schemes, congestion control, remote procedure calls, simple mail transfer protocol, static routing algorithms, IPv4 addressing, and session layer design issues. It provides definitions and explanations of static and dynamic routing, differentiates between IPv4 and IPv6 addressing, describes congestion and congestion control, discusses the importance and workings of remote procedure calls, provides a detailed explanation of SMTP, explains two static routing algorithms (Dijkstra's algorithm and flooding algorithm), discusses IPv4 addressing schemes, describes congestion avoidance in the transport layer, and discusses design issues of the session layer such as dialog control.
Survey on SIP Overload Protection/Control AlgorithmsYang Hong
This document provides a summary and comparison of state-of-the-art SIP overload control algorithms. It first reviews two basic SIP mechanisms and summarizes experimental results showing SIP overload can collapse networks. It then surveys approaches for modeling dynamic SIP network behavior during overload. Finally, it compares different types of SIP overload control solutions and outlines opportunities for managing SIP overload control.
The document summarizes key aspects of the Transport layer in the OSI model. It describes the role of the Transport layer in enabling multiple applications to communicate over a network simultaneously and reliably. It explains the functions of the Transport layer, including segmentation, port addressing, and reliability. It discusses the two main Transport layer protocols, TCP and UDP, and how they differ in their handling of reliability, ordering, and flow control.
This document discusses denial-of-service attacks and provides details about several types of attacks. It begins with an introduction to denial-of-service and distributed denial-of-service attacks. It then reviews the TCP/IP model and protocols including UDP, ICMP, and TCP. The document goes on to describe implementations of UDP flooding, ICMP flooding, and TCP reset attacks.
This document discusses email security and related topics. It covers firewalls, what can be done with firewalls like web filtering and bandwidth filtering. It also discusses screenshots of a college firewall. Other topics include access control lists, TCP connection establishment and termination, DNS, ICMP, common error messages, port numbers, email structure, SMTP, MIME, POP, IMAP, and TLS.
This document provides an overview of ISUP (Integrated Services Digital Network User Part) call signaling procedures. It describes the basic ISUP call sequence, message structure, and key messages and parameters. Procedures covered include early ACM, suspend-resume, enbloc and overlap dialing methods, continuity checks, circuit management messages like RSC and GRS, and call progress messages. Mandatory parameters are listed for main ISUP messages like IAM, ACM, ANM, REL and CPG.
DSNs & X.400 assist in ensuring email reliabilityIOSR Journals
This document discusses tools that can help ensure email reliability by automatically responding to reports of undeliverability. It describes how Delivery Status Notifications (DSNs) and the Alternate Recipient Assignment Service from the X.400 protocol can help detect email failures and retransmit messages to alternate recipients. The document provides background on how SMTP works and how messages can get lost, before explaining how DSNs provide positive and negative delivery feedback. It also discusses issues with using alternate recipients and describes an implementation of these reliability tools as a Java proxy application.
This document discusses various topics related to computer networking including routing, addressing schemes, congestion control, remote procedure calls, simple mail transfer protocol, static routing algorithms, IPv4 addressing, and session layer design issues. It provides definitions and explanations of static and dynamic routing, differentiates between IPv4 and IPv6 addressing, describes congestion and congestion control, discusses the importance and workings of remote procedure calls, provides a detailed explanation of SMTP, explains two static routing algorithms (Dijkstra's algorithm and flooding algorithm), discusses IPv4 addressing schemes, describes congestion avoidance in the transport layer, and discusses design issues of the session layer such as dialog control.
Survey on SIP Overload Protection/Control AlgorithmsYang Hong
This document provides a summary and comparison of state-of-the-art SIP overload control algorithms. It first reviews two basic SIP mechanisms and summarizes experimental results showing SIP overload can collapse networks. It then surveys approaches for modeling dynamic SIP network behavior during overload. Finally, it compares different types of SIP overload control solutions and outlines opportunities for managing SIP overload control.
The document summarizes key aspects of the Transport layer in the OSI model. It describes the role of the Transport layer in enabling multiple applications to communicate over a network simultaneously and reliably. It explains the functions of the Transport layer, including segmentation, port addressing, and reliability. It discusses the two main Transport layer protocols, TCP and UDP, and how they differ in their handling of reliability, ordering, and flow control.
This document discusses denial-of-service attacks and provides details about several types of attacks. It begins with an introduction to denial-of-service and distributed denial-of-service attacks. It then reviews the TCP/IP model and protocols including UDP, ICMP, and TCP. The document goes on to describe implementations of UDP flooding, ICMP flooding, and TCP reset attacks.
This document discusses email security and related topics. It covers firewalls, what can be done with firewalls like web filtering and bandwidth filtering. It also discusses screenshots of a college firewall. Other topics include access control lists, TCP connection establishment and termination, DNS, ICMP, common error messages, port numbers, email structure, SMTP, MIME, POP, IMAP, and TLS.
The document discusses various aspects of transport layer protocols including services provided, primitives, addressing, connection establishment and release, flow control, multiplexing, crash recovery, TCP and UDP, and performance issues. Specific topics covered include Berkeley sockets, an example file server, TCP and UDP headers, congestion control, and fast TPDU processing techniques.
Chapter 26 - Remote Logging, Electronic Mail & File TransferWayne Jones Jnr
TELNET is a general-purpose client/server application that allows users to access applications on remote computers. Electronic mail is one of the most popular Internet services, using user agents, message transfer agents, and message access agents. File Transfer Protocol (FTP) allows transferring files between computers using separate TCP connections for control commands and data transfer.
The document provides an overview of Chapter 3 from the textbook "Computer Networking: A Top Down Approach" by Jim Kurose and Keith Ross. It discusses the goals and outline of the chapter which covers transport layer services, multiplexing and demultiplexing, UDP, principles of reliable data transfer, TCP, and congestion control. Specifically, it describes transport layer services, multiplexing and demultiplexing of data between applications, UDP as a connectionless transport protocol, and outlines the topics to be covered related to reliable data transfer and TCP.
Jaimin chp-6 - transport layer- 2011 batchJaimin Jani
The document discusses the transport layer in computer networking. It explains that the transport layer provides logical communication between processes running on different hosts. It describes two main transport protocols: TCP and UDP. TCP provides connection-oriented transmission that is reliable and in-order, while UDP provides connectionless transmission that is unreliable and unordered. The document also covers topics like connection establishment, port numbers, sockets, and services provided by the transport layer.
Electronic mail, commonly known as email, allows users to transmit messages over the Internet. It uses Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) to send messages between servers and uses either POP3 or IMAP for users to access their messages. SMTP focuses on reliably transferring messages between machines while POP3 and IMAP specify how users can retrieve and manage messages stored on the mail server. When sending an email, the sender's mail transfer agent adds a "received" header to the message to track its path through intermediate servers to the destination mail transfer agent. While convenient, SMTP is not secure and allows for spoofing, but techniques like SPF help validate authentic senders. Mail servers can also selectively reject traffic for policy or technical reasons.
HTTP is an application layer protocol for transmitting hypermedia documents across the internet. It uses a request-response model where clients make requests which are serviced by HTTP servers. Common HTTP request methods include GET, POST, PUT and DELETE. A GET request retrieves a resource from the server, while POST submits data to be processed. The HTTP protocol defines the format of requests and responses, including request headers, response status codes and more. Other application layer protocols discussed include SMTP for email transmission and POP3 for retrieving emails from a server.
- The document is a chapter from a textbook on computer networking that discusses the network layer. It covers topics like virtual circuit networks, datagram networks, the operation of routers, IP, routing algorithms, and routing in the Internet.
- Routers examine header fields to forward packets to the appropriate output port based on the destination address and routing tables. Routing algorithms determine the path packets take between source and destination.
- Virtual circuit networks use call setup and connection state in routers to provide guaranteed services, while datagram networks like the Internet forward packets based only on destination addresses for simple operation.
This document summarizes key aspects of the transport layer:
- The transport layer provides logical communication between application processes running on different hosts and handles reliable data transfer.
- It provides both connection-oriented and connectionless services to the application layer. Quality of service parameters like throughput and delay can be negotiated.
- Transport layer protocols like TCP and UDP are described. TCP provides reliable byte-stream delivery using connections while UDP provides best-effort unreliable datagram delivery.
The document provides information about tutorial courses and contact details for WEI Tutorials located in Thane, India. The courses offered include BSC, MCA, engineering degrees, and project guidance. The address and contact numbers are provided. Additional study material and updates can be accessed through the Facebook page or email provided.
With statistical multiplexing, the total bandwidth available can be utilized more fully since the links are not idle when only one host is transmitting. The statistical multiplexing allows aggregation of variable bit rate traffic streams.
TCP/IP is a set of communication protocols used to connect devices on the internet and other networks. It has two main protocols - TCP for reliable transmission of data between devices, and IP for addressing devices and routing packets across networks. TCP/IP uses ports to allow multiple applications to run simultaneously on a single device. Routers use IP addressing and routing tables to determine the best path for sending packets between devices on different networks.
This document summarizes several internet protocols including IP, TCP, UDP, and ICMP. It describes key aspects of each protocol such as their purpose, packet structure, error handling mechanisms, and how they interact to enable communication over the internet. IP is a connectionless protocol that forwards packets based on destination addresses. TCP and UDP are transport layer protocols, with TCP providing reliable connections and UDP being connectionless. ICMP provides error reporting and control for IP. Port numbers and sockets are used to direct communication to specific applications.
This document provides an overview of various topics related to the network layer, including IPv4, IPv6, ARP, RARP, mobile IP, routing algorithms, and routing protocols. It begins with basics of IPv4 such as its addressing scheme and role in interconnecting networks. IPv6 is then introduced, along with reasons for its development and key features like its large 128-bit addresses. Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) and Reverse ARP (RARP) are also covered. The document concludes by discussing routing algorithms like link-state and distance-vector, as well as protocols including RIP, OSPF, and BGP.
This document discusses key concepts related to website design and construction including:
- Internet protocols like IP, TCP, and HTTP that enable communication and transfer of information between servers and clients.
- Standards like URLs that describe web addresses and locations of documents, and how different protocols like HTTP and FTP provide different types of services.
- The client-server model where servers provide services and clients access them over the internet using browsers.
- How web servers store and transmit HTML pages to browsers, and issues caused by varying browser implementations that standards aim to address.
Dear students get fully solved assignments
Send your semester & Specialization name to our mail id :
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This document discusses fundamentals and link layer concepts in computer networks including:
- Network requirements, layering, protocols, and Internet architecture
- Link layer services such as framing, error detection, and flow control
- Performance metrics including bandwidth, latency, and the relationship between delay and bandwidth
- Common communication patterns like client-server and examples of TCP and UDP socket programming in C
The document summarizes key aspects of the transport layer. It discusses how the transport layer provides logical communication between application processes running on different hosts by abstracting physical network details. It then describes the services provided by the transport layer including connection-oriented and connectionless services. It also discusses topics like quality of service, transport service primitives, addressing, connection establishment and release, flow control, multiplexing, and crash recovery for the transport layer.
The document discusses the architecture and components of email systems. It describes how early email systems required both the sender and recipient to be online simultaneously, while present systems use a store-and-forward model where neither need be online. It outlines the key components of email, including user agents for composing and reading messages, and message transfer agents for moving messages between systems. Common protocols like SMTP, POP, and IMAP are discussed for sending, receiving, and accessing emails.
SMTP is the standard protocol for sending email over the Internet. It defines the message format and how messages are transferred between mail servers. When a client wants to send a message, it establishes a connection to an SMTP server and issues commands like MAIL, RCPT, and DATA to specify the sender, recipients, and transmit the message content. While simple to implement, basic SMTP has limitations like lacking authentication that allow issues like spam. Extensions to SMTP like ESMTP aim to address such problems.
DSNs & X.400 assist in ensuring email reliabilityIOSR Journals
This document summarizes tools that help ensure email reliability by automatically responding to reports of undeliverability. It describes how Delivery Status Notifications (DSNs) and concepts from the X.400 protocol allow email sending software to persist in retransmitting messages or sending them to alternate recipients if the initial delivery fails or there is a report of non-delivery. The document provides background on how SMTP addresses reliability challenges and discusses implementations of active source responses, such as retransmitting messages later or to different addresses, to improve email delivery.
This document discusses tools that can help ensure email reliability by automatically responding to reports of undeliverability. It describes how Delivery Status Notifications (DSNs) and the Alternate Recipient Assignment Service from the X.400 protocol can help detect email failures and retransmit messages to alternate recipients. The document provides background on how SMTP works and how messages can get lost, before explaining how DSNs provide positive and negative delivery feedback. It also discusses issues with using alternate recipients and describes an implementation of these reliability tools as a Java proxy application.
The document discusses various aspects of transport layer protocols including services provided, primitives, addressing, connection establishment and release, flow control, multiplexing, crash recovery, TCP and UDP, and performance issues. Specific topics covered include Berkeley sockets, an example file server, TCP and UDP headers, congestion control, and fast TPDU processing techniques.
Chapter 26 - Remote Logging, Electronic Mail & File TransferWayne Jones Jnr
TELNET is a general-purpose client/server application that allows users to access applications on remote computers. Electronic mail is one of the most popular Internet services, using user agents, message transfer agents, and message access agents. File Transfer Protocol (FTP) allows transferring files between computers using separate TCP connections for control commands and data transfer.
The document provides an overview of Chapter 3 from the textbook "Computer Networking: A Top Down Approach" by Jim Kurose and Keith Ross. It discusses the goals and outline of the chapter which covers transport layer services, multiplexing and demultiplexing, UDP, principles of reliable data transfer, TCP, and congestion control. Specifically, it describes transport layer services, multiplexing and demultiplexing of data between applications, UDP as a connectionless transport protocol, and outlines the topics to be covered related to reliable data transfer and TCP.
Jaimin chp-6 - transport layer- 2011 batchJaimin Jani
The document discusses the transport layer in computer networking. It explains that the transport layer provides logical communication between processes running on different hosts. It describes two main transport protocols: TCP and UDP. TCP provides connection-oriented transmission that is reliable and in-order, while UDP provides connectionless transmission that is unreliable and unordered. The document also covers topics like connection establishment, port numbers, sockets, and services provided by the transport layer.
Electronic mail, commonly known as email, allows users to transmit messages over the Internet. It uses Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) to send messages between servers and uses either POP3 or IMAP for users to access their messages. SMTP focuses on reliably transferring messages between machines while POP3 and IMAP specify how users can retrieve and manage messages stored on the mail server. When sending an email, the sender's mail transfer agent adds a "received" header to the message to track its path through intermediate servers to the destination mail transfer agent. While convenient, SMTP is not secure and allows for spoofing, but techniques like SPF help validate authentic senders. Mail servers can also selectively reject traffic for policy or technical reasons.
HTTP is an application layer protocol for transmitting hypermedia documents across the internet. It uses a request-response model where clients make requests which are serviced by HTTP servers. Common HTTP request methods include GET, POST, PUT and DELETE. A GET request retrieves a resource from the server, while POST submits data to be processed. The HTTP protocol defines the format of requests and responses, including request headers, response status codes and more. Other application layer protocols discussed include SMTP for email transmission and POP3 for retrieving emails from a server.
- The document is a chapter from a textbook on computer networking that discusses the network layer. It covers topics like virtual circuit networks, datagram networks, the operation of routers, IP, routing algorithms, and routing in the Internet.
- Routers examine header fields to forward packets to the appropriate output port based on the destination address and routing tables. Routing algorithms determine the path packets take between source and destination.
- Virtual circuit networks use call setup and connection state in routers to provide guaranteed services, while datagram networks like the Internet forward packets based only on destination addresses for simple operation.
This document summarizes key aspects of the transport layer:
- The transport layer provides logical communication between application processes running on different hosts and handles reliable data transfer.
- It provides both connection-oriented and connectionless services to the application layer. Quality of service parameters like throughput and delay can be negotiated.
- Transport layer protocols like TCP and UDP are described. TCP provides reliable byte-stream delivery using connections while UDP provides best-effort unreliable datagram delivery.
The document provides information about tutorial courses and contact details for WEI Tutorials located in Thane, India. The courses offered include BSC, MCA, engineering degrees, and project guidance. The address and contact numbers are provided. Additional study material and updates can be accessed through the Facebook page or email provided.
With statistical multiplexing, the total bandwidth available can be utilized more fully since the links are not idle when only one host is transmitting. The statistical multiplexing allows aggregation of variable bit rate traffic streams.
TCP/IP is a set of communication protocols used to connect devices on the internet and other networks. It has two main protocols - TCP for reliable transmission of data between devices, and IP for addressing devices and routing packets across networks. TCP/IP uses ports to allow multiple applications to run simultaneously on a single device. Routers use IP addressing and routing tables to determine the best path for sending packets between devices on different networks.
This document summarizes several internet protocols including IP, TCP, UDP, and ICMP. It describes key aspects of each protocol such as their purpose, packet structure, error handling mechanisms, and how they interact to enable communication over the internet. IP is a connectionless protocol that forwards packets based on destination addresses. TCP and UDP are transport layer protocols, with TCP providing reliable connections and UDP being connectionless. ICMP provides error reporting and control for IP. Port numbers and sockets are used to direct communication to specific applications.
This document provides an overview of various topics related to the network layer, including IPv4, IPv6, ARP, RARP, mobile IP, routing algorithms, and routing protocols. It begins with basics of IPv4 such as its addressing scheme and role in interconnecting networks. IPv6 is then introduced, along with reasons for its development and key features like its large 128-bit addresses. Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) and Reverse ARP (RARP) are also covered. The document concludes by discussing routing algorithms like link-state and distance-vector, as well as protocols including RIP, OSPF, and BGP.
This document discusses key concepts related to website design and construction including:
- Internet protocols like IP, TCP, and HTTP that enable communication and transfer of information between servers and clients.
- Standards like URLs that describe web addresses and locations of documents, and how different protocols like HTTP and FTP provide different types of services.
- The client-server model where servers provide services and clients access them over the internet using browsers.
- How web servers store and transmit HTML pages to browsers, and issues caused by varying browser implementations that standards aim to address.
Dear students get fully solved assignments
Send your semester & Specialization name to our mail id :
“ help.mbaassignments@gmail.com ”
or
Call us at : 08263069601
This document discusses fundamentals and link layer concepts in computer networks including:
- Network requirements, layering, protocols, and Internet architecture
- Link layer services such as framing, error detection, and flow control
- Performance metrics including bandwidth, latency, and the relationship between delay and bandwidth
- Common communication patterns like client-server and examples of TCP and UDP socket programming in C
The document summarizes key aspects of the transport layer. It discusses how the transport layer provides logical communication between application processes running on different hosts by abstracting physical network details. It then describes the services provided by the transport layer including connection-oriented and connectionless services. It also discusses topics like quality of service, transport service primitives, addressing, connection establishment and release, flow control, multiplexing, and crash recovery for the transport layer.
The document discusses the architecture and components of email systems. It describes how early email systems required both the sender and recipient to be online simultaneously, while present systems use a store-and-forward model where neither need be online. It outlines the key components of email, including user agents for composing and reading messages, and message transfer agents for moving messages between systems. Common protocols like SMTP, POP, and IMAP are discussed for sending, receiving, and accessing emails.
SMTP is the standard protocol for sending email over the Internet. It defines the message format and how messages are transferred between mail servers. When a client wants to send a message, it establishes a connection to an SMTP server and issues commands like MAIL, RCPT, and DATA to specify the sender, recipients, and transmit the message content. While simple to implement, basic SMTP has limitations like lacking authentication that allow issues like spam. Extensions to SMTP like ESMTP aim to address such problems.
DSNs & X.400 assist in ensuring email reliabilityIOSR Journals
This document summarizes tools that help ensure email reliability by automatically responding to reports of undeliverability. It describes how Delivery Status Notifications (DSNs) and concepts from the X.400 protocol allow email sending software to persist in retransmitting messages or sending them to alternate recipients if the initial delivery fails or there is a report of non-delivery. The document provides background on how SMTP addresses reliability challenges and discusses implementations of active source responses, such as retransmitting messages later or to different addresses, to improve email delivery.
This document discusses tools that can help ensure email reliability by automatically responding to reports of undeliverability. It describes how Delivery Status Notifications (DSNs) and the Alternate Recipient Assignment Service from the X.400 protocol can help detect email failures and retransmit messages to alternate recipients. The document provides background on how SMTP works and how messages can get lost, before explaining how DSNs provide positive and negative delivery feedback. It also discusses issues with using alternate recipients and describes an implementation of these reliability tools as a Java proxy application.
The document provides an overview of spam and content filtering. It defines spam as unsolicited bulk email and discusses related technical and legal definitions. It also defines content filtering as screening email and web pages for objectionable content. The document then provides a brief overview of the SMTP and LDAP protocols commonly used for email communications and user directories.
Interconnection form in the SMS business - explainedDaniela Jovic
What is an 헶헻혁헲헿헰헼헻헻헲헰혁헶헼헻 헳헼헿헺? Why do SMS suppliers need this type of document? Learn how to understand and work with this data!
It usually contains information about the technical details of both
SMS providers - acting as a supplier and/or customer. It consists
of data such as: the protocol used, IP addresses, binds and SMS features. It can also contain data regarding VPN or IPsec tunnels, etc.
The document provides instructions for configuring the SCOT (SAP Connectivity) module to send emails using SMTP. Key steps include:
1) Checking SMTP port and J2ee_start parameters and SMTP service in SMICM.
2) Configuring the SMTP node in SCOT, including setting the node to active, providing the mail host and port, and clicking "Set".
3) Testing the configuration by sending a test email from transaction SO01 and verifying it is sent successfully.
Study on Performance of Simulation Analysis on Multimedia NetworkIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that simulated voice communication over wired networks using the NS-2 network simulator. The study modeled VoIP traffic between nodes using the SCTP protocol and added background traffic to evaluate its effects. Key findings from the simulation included:
1) Average latency was 0.98 seconds and 98 packets were dropped, indicating degraded performance when background traffic was added.
2) Average jitter (packet delay variation) was calculated to be 0.006 seconds, showing instability in the network with changing traffic patterns.
3) A graph of latency over time demonstrated increased delays and bottlenecks as background traffic overloaded network links.
This document discusses electronic mail security and web security. It covers Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) and S/MIME for securing email, describing their encryption, authentication, and key management functions. For web security, it outlines threats like eavesdropping, impersonation, and denial of service attacks. It also explains how Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) and Transport Layer Security (TLS) establish encrypted connections between web browsers and servers to protect data confidentiality and integrity during transmission. Cryptographic algorithms like SHA-1, MD5, DES, and RSA are used to authenticate, encrypt, and digitally sign messages.
This is the mini project "Email sending software", using python language.
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SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is an Internet standard protocol for electronic mail transmission. It was first defined in 1982 and became widely used in the early 1980s as a complement to UUCP mail. SMTP uses a client-server model where the client initiates a connection and sends messages to the server, which then acknowledges receipt. It allows messages to be transferred between machines that are intermittently connected. Common SMTP commands include HELO, MAIL FROM, RCPT TO, DATA, QUIT, and RSET. SMTP can be secured using SSL/TLS to encrypt the communication channel. The latest developments include supporting real-time dynamic content in emails and internationalized email addresses encoded in UTF-8.
IRJET- Trust Based Routing Protocol For Ad-Hoc And Sensor NetworksIRJET Journal
This document presents a trust-based routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) and wireless sensor networks (WSNs) to improve security. The protocol maintains a trust factor for each node based on its successful participation in data transmissions. During route discovery, nodes select paths with higher cumulative trust factors. The destination node chooses the path with the highest trust potential to reply. Simulation results show the protocol improves the trustworthiness of discovered paths compared to other protocols. Future work will investigate directly penalizing nodes that do not participate or are malicious to further enhance security.
Protocols define rules and standards for communication in computer networks. The document discusses several key network protocols including TCP/IP, POP3, SMTP, IMAP, VoIP, RTSP, HTTPS, DHCP, ICMP, UDP, FTP, ARP, Telnet and the OSI model. TCP/IP is the most widely used protocol suite consisting of TCP and IP which were the first networking protocols. Other protocols discussed include those for email (POP3, SMTP, IMAP), streaming media (RTSP), secure communication (HTTPS), network configuration (DHCP), error handling (ICMP), file transfer (FTP), address resolution (ARP), and remote terminal access (Telnet).
The document provides an overview of email technology including how email works, common email protocols like SMTP and POP3, email standards, and considerations for implementing email servers. Key points include:
1. Email is sent via SMTP and retrieved via POP3 or IMAP. It is stored on email servers in mailboxes that clients can access using these protocols.
2. SMTP is the main protocol for sending email between servers. It is used to route messages from the sender to the recipient's mail server.
3. Standards like RFC822 and MIME define email formats and syntax for headers, attachments, etc. to ensure interoperability between clients and servers.
Overview of Email protocols.
Electronic mail was one of the first applications of the fledgling Internet back in the 70ies of the last century. Mail represents basically an electronic equivalent of telegrams that can be sent without having a direct and simultaneous network connection with the recipient.
In email systems, a mail transfer agent (MTA) takes care of the message to be sent and repeatedly tries to deliver the message to the ultimate receiver until successful.
One of the first and still prevalent email protocols is SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol). It is a very simple protocol for sending electronic messages consisting of a header and a body between a sender and a recipient (relay agent or final mail transfer agent).
SMPT is not suited for receiving mail. Additional protocols like POP (Post Office Protocol) or the newer IMAP (Internet Mail Access Protocol) are needed to retrieve mail messages from a mail box.
SMPT was originally restricted to the ASCII character set so binary content or non-ASCII characters could not be used in mail messages. To overcome this limitation, MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) was devised to allow mail senders to encode non-ASCII content with special character encodings.
This document provides an overview of SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) including its history, general features, how it works, and limitations. SMTP is an Internet standard used to transfer email between Mail Transfer Agents (MTAs). It originated in 1980 and was standardized in 1981. Key points are that SMTP operates over TCP port 25 in a request-response format, uses status codes to indicate success or failure, and relies on MTAs like Sendmail to route and deliver messages between servers. However, it only supports basic 7-bit ASCII encoding and is susceptible to misuse like spamming.
This document describes the development of an intranet messaging system. It includes code for starting the server, which creates server and client sockets to allow communication between clients and the server. The server displays received messages in a text area and sends acknowledgments. The coding chapter provides more details on implementing message sending functionality, including creating message objects, defining a GUI, and sending messages to the server.
s.
MIME allows non-ASCII data like images, audio, and video to be sent through email by transforming
the data into ASCII format during transfer and then transforming it back at the receiving end. MIME
defines headers that are added to email messages to specify the encoding and content type. SMTP is
the underlying protocol that transfers email messages between servers using a series of commands
and responses to route messages from the sending to the receiving server.
te
The document discusses the key components of internet infrastructure:
- The TCP/IP model is a 4-layer communication protocol developed by the Department of Defense in the 1960s. It includes the host-to-network layer for physical transmission, the internet layer for logical data transmission using IP, the transport layer for reliable delivery using TCP or UDP, and the application layer for user-level protocols.
- Common application layer protocols are HTTP, FTP, SMTP, DNS, Telnet, and SNMP. The transport layer ensures reliable or unreliable delivery. The host-to-network layer defines physical transmission standards like Ethernet and Frame Relay.
Similar to IRJET- Secure Email Software using e-SMTP (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
An improved modulation technique suitable for a three level flying capacitor ...IJECEIAES
This research paper introduces an innovative modulation technique for controlling a 3-level flying capacitor multilevel inverter (FCMLI), aiming to streamline the modulation process in contrast to conventional methods. The proposed
simplified modulation technique paves the way for more straightforward and
efficient control of multilevel inverters, enabling their widespread adoption and
integration into modern power electronic systems. Through the amalgamation of
sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) with a high-frequency square wave
pulse, this controlling technique attains energy equilibrium across the coupling
capacitor. The modulation scheme incorporates a simplified switching pattern
and a decreased count of voltage references, thereby simplifying the control
algorithm.
artificial intelligence and data science contents.pptxGauravCar
What is artificial intelligence? Artificial intelligence is the ability of a computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks that are commonly associated with the intellectual processes characteristic of humans, such as the ability to reason.
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Artificial intelligence (AI) | Definitio
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.