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1. Dear students get fully solved assignments
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“ help.mbaassignments@gmail.com ”
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ASSIGNMENT
PROGRAM BScIT
Semester 3
SUBJECT CODE & NAME BT0076, TCP/IP
CREDIT 4
BK ID B 0965
MAX.MARKS 60
Note: Answer all questions. Kindly note that answers for 10 marks questions should be approximately
of 400 words. Each questionis followedbyevaluationscheme.
Question1. Write short note on:
1. GigabitEthernet
Answer: Gigabit Ethernet (GbE or 1 GigE) is a term describing various technologies for transmitting
Ethernet frames at a rate of a gigabit per second (1,000,000,000 bits per second), as defined by the IEEE
802.3-2008 standard. It came into use beginning in 1999, gradually supplanting Fast Ethernet in wired
local networks, where it performed considerably faster. The cables and equipment are very similar to
previousstandardsandhave beenverycommon
2. FiberDistributedData Interface (FDDI)
Answer: Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) is a standard for data transmission in a local area
network.Itusesoptical fiberasitsstandard

2. Question2.Define and explainaddressresolutionprotocol (ARP).Describe ARP packet generation.
Answer: Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is a protocol for mapping an Internet Protocol address (IP
address) to a physical machine address that is recognized in the local network. For example, in IP
Version 4, the most common level of IP in use today, an address is 32 bits long. In an Ethernet local area
network, however, addresses for attached devices are 48 bits long. (The physical machine addressis also
known as a Media Access Control or MAC address.) A table, usually called the ARP cache, is used to
maintain a correlation between each MAC address and its corresponding IP address. ARP provides the
protocol rulesformakingthiscorrelationandprovidingaddressconversioninbothdirections.
Whenan incomingpacketdestinedforahost
Question3. What is the use of TCP congestion control algorithm? Explain slow start TCP Congestion
Control Algorithm.
Answer: Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) uses a network congestion-avoidance algorithm that
includes various aspects of an additive increase/multiplicative decrease (AIMD) scheme, with other
schemes such as slow-start to achieve congestion avoidance.The TCP congestion-avoidance algorithm is
the primarybasisfor congestioncontrol inthe Internet.
Slow-start is part of the congestion control strategy used by TCP, the data transmission protocol used by
many Internet applications. Slow-start is used in conjunction with other algorithms to avoid sending
more data than the networkiscapable of
Question4.Write note on:
1. The Hierarchical Namespace
Answer: The DNS hierarchical namespace is a map of how DNS servers determine what IP address to
connectto givena URL
Registrars: Registrars, such as VeriSign, the operator of the .com and .net top-level domains, let any
company, organization, or private individual register a TLD for any number of years. The domain name is
thenaddedto the Whoisdirectory,and

3. 2. FullyQualifiedDomainNames(FQDNs)
Answer: A fully qualified domain name (FQDN) is the complete domain name for a specific computer, or
host, on the Internet. The FQDN consists of two parts: the hostname and the domain name. For
example, an FQDN for a hypothetical mail server might be mymail.somecollege.edu. The hostname is
mymail,andthe hostis locatedwithinthe
Question5. Define Remote Execution Command Protocol (REXEC and RSH). Explain its principle of
operation.
Answer: REXECD (Remote EXEcution Command Daemon) is a server that allows execution of the REXEC
or RSH (Remote Shell Protocol) command from a remote host over the TCP/IP network. The client
functionisperformedbythe REXECprocess.
Principle ofOperation
REXECD is a server (or daemon). It handles commands issued by foreign hosts, and transfers orders to
slave virtual machines for job execution. The daemon performs automatic login, and user authentication
whenuserID and passwordare entered.
Question6.Explain the followingin contextof HTTP:
1. HTTP protocol parameters
Answer: HTTP uses a "<major>.<minor>" numbering scheme to indicate versions of the protocol. The
protocol versioning policy is intended to allow the sender to indicate the format of a message and its
capacity for understanding further HTTP communication, rather than the features obtained via that
communication. No change is made to the version number for the addition of message components
which do not affect communication behavior or which only add to extensible field values. The <minor>
numberisincrementedwhenthe changesmade

4. 2. HTTP message
Answer: HTTP is based on the client-server architecture model and a stateless request/response
protocol that operatesbyexchangingmessagesacrossareliable TCP/IPconnection.
An HTTP "client" is a program (Web browser or any other client) that establishes a connection to a
server for the purpose of sending one or more HTTP request messages. An HTTP "server" is a program (
generallyawebserverlike Apache
3. Request
Answer: An HTTP client sends an HTTP request to a server in the form of a request message which
includesfollowingformat:
 A Request-line
 Zeroor more header(General|Request|
4. Response
Answer: After receiving and interpreting a request message, a server responds with an HTTP response
message:
 A Status-line
 Zeroor more header(General|Response|Entity) fieldsfollowedbyCRLF
 An empty line (i.e., a line with nothing preceding the CRLF) indicating the end of the header
fields
 Optionallyamessage-body
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