HTTP is an application layer protocol for transmitting hypermedia documents across the internet. It uses a request-response model where clients make requests which are serviced by HTTP servers. Common HTTP request methods include GET, POST, PUT and DELETE. A GET request retrieves a resource from the server, while POST submits data to be processed. The HTTP protocol defines the format of requests and responses, including request headers, response status codes and more. Other application layer protocols discussed include SMTP for email transmission and POP3 for retrieving emails from a server.
The application layer in TCP/IP model is responsible for providing services to the user. This slide is devoted to the application layer and the services provided by it.
The application layer in TCP/IP model is responsible for providing services to the user. This slide is devoted to the application layer and the services provided by it.
This ppt will give you information about what is http protocol, who had developed it, how it works, http request and response, features, advantages, disadvantages and brief information about world wide web.
Web Server Technologies I: HTTP & Getting StartedPort80 Software
Introduction to HTTP: TCP/IP and application layer protocols, URLs, resources and MIME Types, HTTP request/response cycle and proxies. Setup and deployment: Planning Web server & site deployments, Site structure and basic server configuration, Managing users and hosts.
The application layer is the highest layer in the protocol suite.
The application layer provides services to the user.
The protocols in this layer do not provide services to any other protocol in the
suite; they only receive services from the protocols in the transport layer.
Two application layers assume that there is an imaginary direct connection
through which they can send and receive messages.
The application layer is the only layer that provides services to the Internet user
The flexibility of the application layer allows new application protocols to be
easily added to the Internet.
Applications need their own protocols. These applications are part of network
protocol.
HTTP and other application layer protocols overview.HTML basics for creating web pages. Describing the main elements of HTML and its attributes. The main types of HTML lists and building tables using Html. The form input types and its methods, image maps , and most form elements are explained with examples.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
3. HTTP –
HyperText
Transfer
Protocol
○ Many applications are running concurrently over
the Web, such as web browsing/surfing, e-mail,
file transfer, audio & video streaming, and so
on. In order for proper communication to take
place between the client and the server, these
applications must agree on a specific application-
level protocol such as HTTP, FTP, SMTP, POP, and
etc.
3
4. HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
HTTP is an asymmetric request-response client-server protocol as
illustrated. An HTTP client sends a request message to an HTTP
server. The server, in turn, returns a response message. In other
words, HTTP is a pull protocol, the client pulls information from the
server (instead of server pushes information down to the client).
4
5. “ 5
Whenever you issues a URL from your browser to get a web resource using HTTP,
e.g. http://www.nowhere123.com/index.html, the browser turns the URL into a request message and sends it to the
HTTP server. The HTTP server interprets the request message, and returns you an appropriate response message
which is either the resource you requested or an error message. This process is illustrated below:
6. HTTP – Request Message
As mentioned, whenever you enter a URL in the address box of the browser, the browser
translates the URL into a request message according to the specified protocol; and sends
the request message to the server. For example, the browser translated the URL
http://www.test101.com/doc/index.html into the following request message:
6
8. HTTP – Response Message
When this request message reaches the server, the server can take either one of these
actions:
1)The server interprets the request received, maps the request into a file under the
server's document directory, and returns the file requested to the client.
2)The server interprets the request received, maps the request into a program kept in the
server, executes the program, and returns the output of the program to the client.
3)The request cannot be satisfied, the server returns an error message.
10. “○ HTTP Request Methods
HTTP protocol defines a set of request methods. The methods are:
GET: A client can use the GET request to get a web resource from the server.
HEAD: A client can use the HEAD request to get the header that a GET request would have
obtained. Since the header contains the last-modified date of the data, this can be used to
check against the local cache copy.
POST: Used to post data up to the web server.
PUT: Ask the server to store the data.
DELETE: Ask the server to delete the data.
TRACE: Ask the server to return a diagnostic trace of the actions it takes.
OPTIONS: Ask the server to return the list of request methods it supports.
CONNECT: Used to tell a proxy to make a connection to another host and simply reply the
content, without attempting to parse or cache it. This is often used to make SSL connection
through the proxy.
11. GET - Request method
GET is the most common HTTP request method. A client can use the GET request method to request (or
"get") for a piece of resource from an HTTP server. A GET request message takes the following syntax:
GET request-URI HTTP-version
(optional request headers)
(blank line)
(optional request body)
The keyword GET is case sensitive and must be in uppercase.
request-URI: specifies the path of resource requested, which must begin from the root
"/" of the document base directory.
HTTP-version: Either HTTP/1.0 or HTTP/1.1. This client negotiates the protocol to be used
for the current session. For example, the client may request to use HTTP/1.1. If the server
does not support HTTP/1.1, it may inform the client in the response to use HTTP/1.0.
The client uses the optional request headers (such as Accept, Accept-Language, and etc)
to negotiate with the server and ask the server to deliver the preferred contents (e.g., in
the language that the client preferred).
GET request message has an optional request body which contains the query string
12. “○ For Deep learning of HTTP protocol-
Testing HTTP Requests
Network Program
Response Status Code
Misspelt Request Method
404 File Not Found
Wrong HTTP Version Number
Wrong Request-URI
Keep-Alive Connection
https://www.ntu.edu.sg/home/ehchua/programming/webprog
ramming/HTTP_Basics.html
13. Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
SMTP is a push protocol and is used to send the mail whereas POP (post office protocol)
or IMAP (internet message access protocol) are used to retrieve those mails at the
receiver’s side.
20. “○ Post Office Protocol-
Post Office Protocol (POP) is a type of computer networking and Internet standard protocol that extracts
and retrieves email from a remote mail server for access by the host machine.
Techopedia explains Post Office Protocol (POP)
Post Office Protocol is the primary protocol behind email communication. POP works through a
supporting email software client that integrates POP for connecting to the remote email server and
downloading email messages to the recipient’s computer machine.
POP uses the TCP/IP protocol stack for network connection and works with Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
(SMTP) for end-to-end email communication, where POP pulls messages and SMTP pushes them to the
server. As of 2012, Post Office Protocol is in its third version known as POP 3 and is commonly used in
most email client/server communication architecture.
23. “○ Disadvantages of POP3
1)Opening attachments is a quick and painless process, unless the attachment has a virus
payload in it.
If you have JavaScript enabled in your email reader, you might be target of rogue JavaScript
embedded in an email.
2)All messages are stored on your hard drive eating up what is sometimes very valuable
space.
Since all attachments are stored (downloaded) on your PC there is a potential danger of
virus attack if they are not properly scanned by virus scanners. Then sirus scans can only
address 60% of attacks effectively leaving your PC to a great danger.
3)Email folders can become corrupted and sometimes lost forever. Recovering is often a
painful exercise.
4)All messages are stored on your system, and privacy disappears when someone sits down
at your machine. Even if your email reader is password protected, it is often possible for
someone who knows what they are doing to read your email by using another application
to open your mail folders.
24. Thanks !
Any questions?
You can find detail info at
https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Communication_Networks/HTTP_Protocol
😉
https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc737236(v=ws.10).aspx