This document summarizes preformulation studies conducted on the drug Miconazole nitrate. Miconazole nitrate is an antifungal drug used to treat fungal infections. The studies included determining the drug's organoleptic properties, solubility, maximum wavelength, calibration curve using UV-visible spectrophotometry, melting point, and partition coefficient. The results of these preformulation studies were within specified limits, providing important physicochemical characterization of Miconazole nitrate to inform the development of stable and effective dosage forms.
This document discusses toxicants in food packaging, specifically phthalates. It begins by providing background on food packaging and its benefits. It then focuses on phthalates, which are commonly added to plastics used in food packaging to increase durability. Low molecular weight phthalates like DEHP are classified as toxic and can leach from packaging into foods. The document outlines DEHP's metabolism, excretion, toxicities like effects on reproduction, and mode of action in disrupting hormone functions. It provides data on common levels of DEHP in foods and packaging. The summary concludes by suggesting ways to reduce DEHP exposure and potential alternatives for food packaging materials.
In this work, the capacity of encapsulation and subsequent release of the drug ampicillin was evaluated, for this, two different hydrogels were made by the microemulsion method, having different crosslinking agent based on polyurethane: P(IPDI) and P(HDI), the metal-organic framework (MOF) that was used inside the two composite hydrogels was MIL-53, which is a derivative of the hydrothermal synthesis of terephthalic acid and Al (III) ions. Characterization tests were carried out on the hydrogels, the FTIR sprectra were obtained to evaluate the encapsulation of the drug and the quantification by UV-Vis spectrophotometry to monitor the mass of ampicillin released in the two systems studied. Hydrogels based on C-P(HDI)-MIL53 show higher intermolecular interactions with encapsulated ampicillin, observed by the variation in the intensities of the FTIR signals related to the -NH, -OH, amide I and II bonds that make up the systems; in addition this type of hydrogel also exhibits a higher release of ampicillin than C-P(IPDI)-MIL53 hydrogel. These hydrogels can be studied as 3D culture systems or materials for wound healing, thus avoiding the formation of bacterial infections.
This document discusses antimicrobial preservatives used in cosmetic products. It begins with an introduction to preservatives and their role in preventing microbial growth and decomposition. Commonly used preservatives like parabens, formaldehyde releasers, and isothiazolinones are listed. The need for preservatives to prevent spoilage and increase shelf life is explained. Ideal characteristics, classification, mechanisms of action, and factors affecting preservative effectiveness are overviewed. Methods for evaluating preservatives like challenge tests, test organisms, and inoculation of samples are described. The document concludes with references.
This document discusses choosing antimicrobial preservatives for pharmaceutical products. It covers how pH, combinations of preservatives, and other factors influence preservative efficacy. Common preservatives like parabens, benzalkonium chloride, and phenols are discussed in terms of their antimicrobial spectrum and optimal pH ranges. The complexity of dermal products means microstasis rather than microcidality may be acceptable. Factors that can compromise preservative efficacy include interactions with other product components and chemical or physical instability over the product shelf life.
The efficacy of antimicrobial preservation of a pharmaceutical preparation on its own or, if necessary, with the addition of a suitable preservative has to be ascertained during the development of the product.
The primary purpose of adding antimicrobial preservatives to dosage forms is to prevent adverse effects arising from contamination by micro-organisms that may be introduced inadvertently during or subsequent
to the manufacturing process.
However, antimicrobial agents should not be used solely to reduce the viable microbial count as a substitute for good manufacturing procedures.
There may be situations where a preservative system may have to be used to minimise proliferation of micro-organisms in preparations that are not required to be sterile.
The Essentials of USP chapter 51 antimicrobial effectiveness testingGuide_Consulting
Salah Satu Referensi Yang Digunakan Dalam One Day Seminar "Preservative Effectiveness Validation"
04 Desember 2014. Bogor
Detail : info@traininglaboratorium.com
This document provides an overview of antimicrobial preservation. It discusses the cell structure of microorganisms and how preservatives work to prevent their growth. Common preservatives used in ingestible and topical products are parabens, sorbic acid, benzoic acid, and sodium metabisulfite. Parabens are popular but can partition disproportionately into the oil phase of emulsions, reducing their effectiveness. Chelating agents and certain ingredients can enhance preservative efficacy while others may hinder it. Proper manufacturing and packaging are also important to consider.
Sterile filtration of complex injectables by Partha BanerjeeMerck Life Sciences
The document discusses considerations for sterile filtration of complex injectables such as liposomes, emulsions, and viscous formulations. It notes that sterile filtration is widely used for liposome sterilization but poses challenges due to the small size of liposomes and bacteria. Key parameters for liposomes include particle size distribution, zeta potential, and stability. The talk addresses regulatory guidelines for liposome characterization and manufacturing. It also outlines best practices for sterile filtration of oils, emulsions and viscous drugs to optimize the filtration process.
This document discusses toxicants in food packaging, specifically phthalates. It begins by providing background on food packaging and its benefits. It then focuses on phthalates, which are commonly added to plastics used in food packaging to increase durability. Low molecular weight phthalates like DEHP are classified as toxic and can leach from packaging into foods. The document outlines DEHP's metabolism, excretion, toxicities like effects on reproduction, and mode of action in disrupting hormone functions. It provides data on common levels of DEHP in foods and packaging. The summary concludes by suggesting ways to reduce DEHP exposure and potential alternatives for food packaging materials.
In this work, the capacity of encapsulation and subsequent release of the drug ampicillin was evaluated, for this, two different hydrogels were made by the microemulsion method, having different crosslinking agent based on polyurethane: P(IPDI) and P(HDI), the metal-organic framework (MOF) that was used inside the two composite hydrogels was MIL-53, which is a derivative of the hydrothermal synthesis of terephthalic acid and Al (III) ions. Characterization tests were carried out on the hydrogels, the FTIR sprectra were obtained to evaluate the encapsulation of the drug and the quantification by UV-Vis spectrophotometry to monitor the mass of ampicillin released in the two systems studied. Hydrogels based on C-P(HDI)-MIL53 show higher intermolecular interactions with encapsulated ampicillin, observed by the variation in the intensities of the FTIR signals related to the -NH, -OH, amide I and II bonds that make up the systems; in addition this type of hydrogel also exhibits a higher release of ampicillin than C-P(IPDI)-MIL53 hydrogel. These hydrogels can be studied as 3D culture systems or materials for wound healing, thus avoiding the formation of bacterial infections.
This document discusses antimicrobial preservatives used in cosmetic products. It begins with an introduction to preservatives and their role in preventing microbial growth and decomposition. Commonly used preservatives like parabens, formaldehyde releasers, and isothiazolinones are listed. The need for preservatives to prevent spoilage and increase shelf life is explained. Ideal characteristics, classification, mechanisms of action, and factors affecting preservative effectiveness are overviewed. Methods for evaluating preservatives like challenge tests, test organisms, and inoculation of samples are described. The document concludes with references.
This document discusses choosing antimicrobial preservatives for pharmaceutical products. It covers how pH, combinations of preservatives, and other factors influence preservative efficacy. Common preservatives like parabens, benzalkonium chloride, and phenols are discussed in terms of their antimicrobial spectrum and optimal pH ranges. The complexity of dermal products means microstasis rather than microcidality may be acceptable. Factors that can compromise preservative efficacy include interactions with other product components and chemical or physical instability over the product shelf life.
The efficacy of antimicrobial preservation of a pharmaceutical preparation on its own or, if necessary, with the addition of a suitable preservative has to be ascertained during the development of the product.
The primary purpose of adding antimicrobial preservatives to dosage forms is to prevent adverse effects arising from contamination by micro-organisms that may be introduced inadvertently during or subsequent
to the manufacturing process.
However, antimicrobial agents should not be used solely to reduce the viable microbial count as a substitute for good manufacturing procedures.
There may be situations where a preservative system may have to be used to minimise proliferation of micro-organisms in preparations that are not required to be sterile.
The Essentials of USP chapter 51 antimicrobial effectiveness testingGuide_Consulting
Salah Satu Referensi Yang Digunakan Dalam One Day Seminar "Preservative Effectiveness Validation"
04 Desember 2014. Bogor
Detail : info@traininglaboratorium.com
This document provides an overview of antimicrobial preservation. It discusses the cell structure of microorganisms and how preservatives work to prevent their growth. Common preservatives used in ingestible and topical products are parabens, sorbic acid, benzoic acid, and sodium metabisulfite. Parabens are popular but can partition disproportionately into the oil phase of emulsions, reducing their effectiveness. Chelating agents and certain ingredients can enhance preservative efficacy while others may hinder it. Proper manufacturing and packaging are also important to consider.
Sterile filtration of complex injectables by Partha BanerjeeMerck Life Sciences
The document discusses considerations for sterile filtration of complex injectables such as liposomes, emulsions, and viscous formulations. It notes that sterile filtration is widely used for liposome sterilization but poses challenges due to the small size of liposomes and bacteria. Key parameters for liposomes include particle size distribution, zeta potential, and stability. The talk addresses regulatory guidelines for liposome characterization and manufacturing. It also outlines best practices for sterile filtration of oils, emulsions and viscous drugs to optimize the filtration process.
This document discusses preservatives used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. Preservatives are chemical agents that prevent microbial contamination and maintain sterility. An ideal preservative is non-toxic, effective at low concentrations against all microorganisms, stable, and compatible with other ingredients. Preservatives are classified as parahydroxy benzoic acid derivatives or other preservatives. Parahydroxy benzoic acid derivatives like methyl and propyl paraben have antifungal properties and low toxicity. Other common preservatives mentioned include chlorobutanol, benzyl alcohol, sodium benzoate, and sodium propionate.
Antimicrobial Preservation Overview For Formulators and Process ScientistsJim McElroy
This document provides an overview of microbiology and preservative chemistry concepts. It describes the composition and structure of microorganisms like bacteria, yeast and molds. It then discusses commonly used preservatives like parabens and how they work. The document outlines factors that influence preservative efficacy such as ingredients, manufacturing steps, and packaging components. The conclusion emphasizes considering all formulation aspects when selecting a preservative system.
Sterile filtration of complex injectables by Partha BanerjeeMerck Life Sciences
Sterile filtration and filter validation remain a critical segment during the development of these segments of products. Let's find the same by understanding a checklist and visualize certain case studies.
As the sterile injectable market continues to see rapid growth (~10% to 15% per annum) – outpacing the growth of oral products – it is natural to see the diversity of parenteral product formulations increasing in parallel. The definition of complexity in parenteral formulation development is broad. It varies based on the stage of development and the specific nature of the challenge. A notionally simple, stable reproducible laboratory formulation may carry a level of complexity in aseptic control if routine means of sterilization are unavailable.
Sterile filtration process intensification can bring significant benefits to manufacturers in terms of manufacturing flexibility, reduction of risks, better turn around time, thus achieving significantly higher productivity. We will identify these scenarios with case studies to reduce complications in manufacturing and process development.
Povidone-iodine is an antiseptic complex of polyvinylpyrrolidone and elemental iodine. It was discovered in 1955 and found to be less toxic than tincture of iodine while maintaining antibacterial properties. Povidone-iodine has broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and is widely used as a topical antiseptic for wounds, burns, and prior to surgery. It works by slowly releasing iodine to kill microbes through lipid iodination and cell membrane/cytoplasm oxidation.
Polyherbal formulation development for anti asthmatic activitypharmaindexing
This document describes the development and evaluation of polyherbal formulations for the treatment of asthma. Three plants - Tylophora indica, Tephrosia purpurea, and Vitex negundo - were selected based on their reported antiasthmatic, antihistaminic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Two tablet formulations and one capsule formulation were prepared using in-house and commercial extracts of the plants. The formulations were evaluated for various physical properties and found to meet pharmacopeia standards. Testing in guinea pigs showed the formulations had significant antiasthmatic effects compared to the standard drug chlorpheniramine maleate. Further stability and clinical studies are needed to confirm quality and efficacy.
Emma Bradley from Fera Science Ltd presented on food contact materials and migration testing. Key points included:
- Migration occurs when chemicals transfer from food packaging into food and is influenced by factors like the material, substance, food, and contact conditions.
- EU legislation establishes rules for materials, substances, testing, and compliance documentation like declarations of compliance.
- Specific rules apply to plastics, which must use authorized monomers/additives and meet migration limits through testing with food simulants intended to mimic food types.
This document discusses preservatives in cosmetics and the debate around their usage. It notes that preservatives are needed to prevent contamination and keep products stable on shelves. However, some critics argue that certain preservatives like parabens may be linked to cancer. Supporters counter that regulatory agencies have found parabens to be safe. The document also discusses using natural preservatives but notes these are not always safer and can contain impurities. It proposes a new direction of using "bioidentical" preservatives that are man-made but identical to natural compounds.
COSMOS GUIDELINES A brief guidelines for the selection of natural & mineral ingredients, selection of proper vehicle for preparation of the natural cosmetics, the other ingredients & excipients used and the different techniques of manufacture of the natural cosmetic products
1. The document discusses cosmetic microbiology, including legislation from the European Union and FDA that cosmetics must be safe for consumers.
2. Preservation efficacy testing methods like USP 51, ISO 11930, and European Pharmacopoeia test the effectiveness of preservatives in cosmetics by inoculating products with microorganisms like bacteria and fungi.
3. The cosmetics industry predominantly uses standard plate counts to test preservation, but challenges include using higher inoculums or microbes isolated from manufacturing environments to better evaluate preservative systems.
Biocompatibility of dental biomaterials - challenges and solutionsYomna M. Ibrahim
This document discusses strategies for improving the biocompatibility of dental biomaterials. It outlines five main strategies: 1) Improving material certification processes, 2) Enhancing research on material-tissue interactions, 3) Using biodegradable materials, 4) Adding surface or bulk agents, and 5) Material design. Specific examples are provided for each strategy, such as using ex vivo tissue models to study interactions, biodegradable polymers like PLGA and PCL, and adding antibacterial agents or antioxidants to materials. The goal is to develop biomaterials that do not elicit adverse effects and optimize tissue response.
The document discusses standardization, pharmacopoeias, good manufacturing practices (GMP), the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), and process validation as they relate to pharmaceutical chemistry. It defines standardization as confirming a drug's identity, quality, and purity. A pharmacopoeia establishes standards for drug substances and dosage forms used in a country. GMP provides assurance that medicines are manufactured safely, efficaciously, and qualify. ISO is an international standard-setting body. Process validation involves collecting data throughout production to establish a process can consistently deliver quality products.
Ralph Moyle gave a presentation at the World of Food Safety Conference in Bangkok on the risks of recycled packaging. He discussed several chemical contaminants that can migrate from packaging into food like PAA, SEM, and mineral hydrocarbon oils found in recycled paper and cardboard. Regulations on food packaging were covered for the EU, China, USA, Australia and New Zealand. Moyle recommended that companies understand the origin of their packaging, work with suppliers to ensure certification that packaging meets legal standards, and implement monitoring and auditing programs.
This document discusses non-migratory bioactive polymers for food packaging. It provides examples of how bioactive peptides and antimicrobial peptides can be covalently linked to packaging polymers to inhibit microbial growth without migrating into the food. Specifically, it mentions how chitosan, UV-irradiated nylon, and nylon treated with laser can all exhibit antimicrobial properties through interactions with microbial membranes that disrupt permeability. Non-migratory bioactive polymers provide benefits like improved stability of bioactive compounds, regulatory advantages over food additives, and enabling minimally processed foods with a longer shelf life.
This document provides guidance on preformulation studies for new drug substances. It outlines the key steps in preclinical testing including pharmacology, toxicology, and preformulation. Preformulation involves characterizing the physicochemical properties of the drug, including solubility, pKa, partition coefficient, stability, and crystal properties. The goal is to design an optimal drug delivery system through understanding the physical and chemical attributes of the new molecule.
This study analyzed pesticide residue levels in vegetables from domestic markets in Sri Lanka. Samples of tomatoes, capsicums, and cabbages were collected from five markets each in Nuwara Eliya, Puttalam, and Matale districts. The samples were extracted and analyzed using GC-MS to detect chlorpyrifos, phenthoate, tebuconazole, oxyfluorfen, and prothiofos residues. The analysis found pesticide residues in 40% of samples, with phenthoate highest in tomatoes and capsicums and tebuconazole highest in cabbage. Residue levels did not exceed maximum residue limits. The study aims to increase awareness of pesticide usage and risks and support
Chemical preservatives for semisolids must be carefully evaluated for their stability with regard to the other components of the formulation as well as to the container. Plastic containers may absorb the preservative and thereby decrease the quantity available for inhibiting or destroying the microorganism’s responsible for spoilage. Some preservatives may sting or irritate the mucous tissues of the eye or nasal passages. Methylparabens and propylparabens tend to be more irritating when applied in the nose than quaternary ammonium compounds or the phenylmercuric salts. Boric acid may be used in the ophthalmic preparations, but is omitted from products to be used in the nose because of possible toxic effects if absorbed in large quantities.
Stability studies ensuring the maintenance of product quality, safety and efficacy throughout the shelf life are considered as pre-requisite for the acceptance and approval of any pharmaceutical product. Stability testing is a routine procedure performed on drug substances and products and is employed at various stages of the product development.
This presentation discusses contamination of food from packaging materials. It notes that chemicals in plastic grocery bags and PVC plasticizers can leach into food and cause health issues. The document also analyzes microbial contamination of paper-based packaging, finding higher contamination with higher recycled fiber content. Finally, it discusses how different packaging materials like plastic bottles, glass jars, cartons and cans can contact food, and the importance of understanding chemical migration from packaging into food.
Stability studies during different stages of drug and product development.pptxParimal Hadge
The document discusses stability testing guidelines for drug substances and products during development and registration. It outlines the objectives to provide evidence on quality changes over time under various environmental factors and establish a re-test period or shelf life. For drug substances, it describes stress testing, selection of batches, specifications and storage conditions for long term, accelerated and intermediate testing. For drug products, it discusses photostability testing, batch selection, specifications, storage conditions and criteria for significant changes during stability testing.
The term “herbal drugs” denotes plants or plant parts that have been converted into phytopharmaceuticals by means of simple processes involving harvesting, drying, and storage.
Formulation Development and In Vitro Evaluation of Microsponge Drug Delivery ...YogeshIJTSRD
A Microsponge Delivery System MDS is patented, highly cross linked, porous, polymeric microspheres that can entrap wide range of actives and then release them onto the skin over a time and in response to trigger. It is a unique technology for the controlled release of topical agents and consists of microporous beads, typically 10 25 microns in diameter, loaded with active agent. In this study, Ketoconazole microsponges were prepared by using quasi emulsion solvent diffusion method. The microsponges thus prepared, were evaluated for production yield, loading efficiency, particle size analysis, in vitro release study of microsponges, and stability. Hence, the present work concluded that MDS has a great potential in topical delivery of drugs like Ketoconazole, with added advantage of reduction in irritation profile due to the controlled release and possible enhancement in the activity due to amorphization of the drug. Vilas S. Bhagat | Sanjay R. Arote "Formulation Development and In-Vitro Evaluation of Microsponge Drug Delivery System of Antifungal Drug" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd39870.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/pharmaceutics/39870/formulation-development-and-invitro-evaluation-of-microsponge-drug-delivery-system-of-antifungal-drug/vilas-s-bhagat
Formulation and Evaluation of Nimodipine Tablet by Liquisolid Techniqueijtsrd
Liquisolid technique is novel concept of the drug delivery via the oral route. This technique is applied to poorly water soluble , water insoluble or lipophilic drugs. According to the new formulation method of liquisolid compact, liquid medication such as solution or suspensions of water insoluble drug in suitable non volatile solvent can be converted into acceptably flowing and compressible powders by blending with selected powder excipients. The present work endeavour is directed towards the development of liquisolid compact for production of immediate release tablet of water insoluble Nimodipine. Liquisolid compacts were prepared by using polyethylene glycol 300 as the liquid vehicle or non volatile solvent. Crospovidone was used as a superdisintegrating agent and PVP K30 as a binder. Microcrystalline cellulose was used as a absorbing carrier and silicone dioxide as adsorbing coating material. The prepared liquisolid system were evaluated for their micromeretic properties and possible drug excipients interaction . The FTIR spectra study ruled out any interaction between the drug and excipients in preparation of Nimodipine liquisolid compact. The in vitro dissolution study confirmed enhance drug release from liquisolid compacts by using USP type I basket in 0.5 SLS in water. The selected optimal formula released 93.86 of its content in 30 min which is showing immediate release. The results showed that use of superdisintegrants had remarkable impact on the release rate of Nimodipine from Liquisolid compact, enhancing the release rate of the drug from liquisolid compact. Neha Durge | Kirti Parida ""Formulation and Evaluation of Nimodipine Tablet by Liquisolid Technique"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23863.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/pharmaceutics/23863/formulation-and-evaluation-of-nimodipine-tablet-by-liquisolid-technique/neha-durge
This document discusses preservatives used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. Preservatives are chemical agents that prevent microbial contamination and maintain sterility. An ideal preservative is non-toxic, effective at low concentrations against all microorganisms, stable, and compatible with other ingredients. Preservatives are classified as parahydroxy benzoic acid derivatives or other preservatives. Parahydroxy benzoic acid derivatives like methyl and propyl paraben have antifungal properties and low toxicity. Other common preservatives mentioned include chlorobutanol, benzyl alcohol, sodium benzoate, and sodium propionate.
Antimicrobial Preservation Overview For Formulators and Process ScientistsJim McElroy
This document provides an overview of microbiology and preservative chemistry concepts. It describes the composition and structure of microorganisms like bacteria, yeast and molds. It then discusses commonly used preservatives like parabens and how they work. The document outlines factors that influence preservative efficacy such as ingredients, manufacturing steps, and packaging components. The conclusion emphasizes considering all formulation aspects when selecting a preservative system.
Sterile filtration of complex injectables by Partha BanerjeeMerck Life Sciences
Sterile filtration and filter validation remain a critical segment during the development of these segments of products. Let's find the same by understanding a checklist and visualize certain case studies.
As the sterile injectable market continues to see rapid growth (~10% to 15% per annum) – outpacing the growth of oral products – it is natural to see the diversity of parenteral product formulations increasing in parallel. The definition of complexity in parenteral formulation development is broad. It varies based on the stage of development and the specific nature of the challenge. A notionally simple, stable reproducible laboratory formulation may carry a level of complexity in aseptic control if routine means of sterilization are unavailable.
Sterile filtration process intensification can bring significant benefits to manufacturers in terms of manufacturing flexibility, reduction of risks, better turn around time, thus achieving significantly higher productivity. We will identify these scenarios with case studies to reduce complications in manufacturing and process development.
Povidone-iodine is an antiseptic complex of polyvinylpyrrolidone and elemental iodine. It was discovered in 1955 and found to be less toxic than tincture of iodine while maintaining antibacterial properties. Povidone-iodine has broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and is widely used as a topical antiseptic for wounds, burns, and prior to surgery. It works by slowly releasing iodine to kill microbes through lipid iodination and cell membrane/cytoplasm oxidation.
Polyherbal formulation development for anti asthmatic activitypharmaindexing
This document describes the development and evaluation of polyherbal formulations for the treatment of asthma. Three plants - Tylophora indica, Tephrosia purpurea, and Vitex negundo - were selected based on their reported antiasthmatic, antihistaminic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Two tablet formulations and one capsule formulation were prepared using in-house and commercial extracts of the plants. The formulations were evaluated for various physical properties and found to meet pharmacopeia standards. Testing in guinea pigs showed the formulations had significant antiasthmatic effects compared to the standard drug chlorpheniramine maleate. Further stability and clinical studies are needed to confirm quality and efficacy.
Emma Bradley from Fera Science Ltd presented on food contact materials and migration testing. Key points included:
- Migration occurs when chemicals transfer from food packaging into food and is influenced by factors like the material, substance, food, and contact conditions.
- EU legislation establishes rules for materials, substances, testing, and compliance documentation like declarations of compliance.
- Specific rules apply to plastics, which must use authorized monomers/additives and meet migration limits through testing with food simulants intended to mimic food types.
This document discusses preservatives in cosmetics and the debate around their usage. It notes that preservatives are needed to prevent contamination and keep products stable on shelves. However, some critics argue that certain preservatives like parabens may be linked to cancer. Supporters counter that regulatory agencies have found parabens to be safe. The document also discusses using natural preservatives but notes these are not always safer and can contain impurities. It proposes a new direction of using "bioidentical" preservatives that are man-made but identical to natural compounds.
COSMOS GUIDELINES A brief guidelines for the selection of natural & mineral ingredients, selection of proper vehicle for preparation of the natural cosmetics, the other ingredients & excipients used and the different techniques of manufacture of the natural cosmetic products
1. The document discusses cosmetic microbiology, including legislation from the European Union and FDA that cosmetics must be safe for consumers.
2. Preservation efficacy testing methods like USP 51, ISO 11930, and European Pharmacopoeia test the effectiveness of preservatives in cosmetics by inoculating products with microorganisms like bacteria and fungi.
3. The cosmetics industry predominantly uses standard plate counts to test preservation, but challenges include using higher inoculums or microbes isolated from manufacturing environments to better evaluate preservative systems.
Biocompatibility of dental biomaterials - challenges and solutionsYomna M. Ibrahim
This document discusses strategies for improving the biocompatibility of dental biomaterials. It outlines five main strategies: 1) Improving material certification processes, 2) Enhancing research on material-tissue interactions, 3) Using biodegradable materials, 4) Adding surface or bulk agents, and 5) Material design. Specific examples are provided for each strategy, such as using ex vivo tissue models to study interactions, biodegradable polymers like PLGA and PCL, and adding antibacterial agents or antioxidants to materials. The goal is to develop biomaterials that do not elicit adverse effects and optimize tissue response.
The document discusses standardization, pharmacopoeias, good manufacturing practices (GMP), the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), and process validation as they relate to pharmaceutical chemistry. It defines standardization as confirming a drug's identity, quality, and purity. A pharmacopoeia establishes standards for drug substances and dosage forms used in a country. GMP provides assurance that medicines are manufactured safely, efficaciously, and qualify. ISO is an international standard-setting body. Process validation involves collecting data throughout production to establish a process can consistently deliver quality products.
Ralph Moyle gave a presentation at the World of Food Safety Conference in Bangkok on the risks of recycled packaging. He discussed several chemical contaminants that can migrate from packaging into food like PAA, SEM, and mineral hydrocarbon oils found in recycled paper and cardboard. Regulations on food packaging were covered for the EU, China, USA, Australia and New Zealand. Moyle recommended that companies understand the origin of their packaging, work with suppliers to ensure certification that packaging meets legal standards, and implement monitoring and auditing programs.
This document discusses non-migratory bioactive polymers for food packaging. It provides examples of how bioactive peptides and antimicrobial peptides can be covalently linked to packaging polymers to inhibit microbial growth without migrating into the food. Specifically, it mentions how chitosan, UV-irradiated nylon, and nylon treated with laser can all exhibit antimicrobial properties through interactions with microbial membranes that disrupt permeability. Non-migratory bioactive polymers provide benefits like improved stability of bioactive compounds, regulatory advantages over food additives, and enabling minimally processed foods with a longer shelf life.
This document provides guidance on preformulation studies for new drug substances. It outlines the key steps in preclinical testing including pharmacology, toxicology, and preformulation. Preformulation involves characterizing the physicochemical properties of the drug, including solubility, pKa, partition coefficient, stability, and crystal properties. The goal is to design an optimal drug delivery system through understanding the physical and chemical attributes of the new molecule.
This study analyzed pesticide residue levels in vegetables from domestic markets in Sri Lanka. Samples of tomatoes, capsicums, and cabbages were collected from five markets each in Nuwara Eliya, Puttalam, and Matale districts. The samples were extracted and analyzed using GC-MS to detect chlorpyrifos, phenthoate, tebuconazole, oxyfluorfen, and prothiofos residues. The analysis found pesticide residues in 40% of samples, with phenthoate highest in tomatoes and capsicums and tebuconazole highest in cabbage. Residue levels did not exceed maximum residue limits. The study aims to increase awareness of pesticide usage and risks and support
Chemical preservatives for semisolids must be carefully evaluated for their stability with regard to the other components of the formulation as well as to the container. Plastic containers may absorb the preservative and thereby decrease the quantity available for inhibiting or destroying the microorganism’s responsible for spoilage. Some preservatives may sting or irritate the mucous tissues of the eye or nasal passages. Methylparabens and propylparabens tend to be more irritating when applied in the nose than quaternary ammonium compounds or the phenylmercuric salts. Boric acid may be used in the ophthalmic preparations, but is omitted from products to be used in the nose because of possible toxic effects if absorbed in large quantities.
Stability studies ensuring the maintenance of product quality, safety and efficacy throughout the shelf life are considered as pre-requisite for the acceptance and approval of any pharmaceutical product. Stability testing is a routine procedure performed on drug substances and products and is employed at various stages of the product development.
This presentation discusses contamination of food from packaging materials. It notes that chemicals in plastic grocery bags and PVC plasticizers can leach into food and cause health issues. The document also analyzes microbial contamination of paper-based packaging, finding higher contamination with higher recycled fiber content. Finally, it discusses how different packaging materials like plastic bottles, glass jars, cartons and cans can contact food, and the importance of understanding chemical migration from packaging into food.
Stability studies during different stages of drug and product development.pptxParimal Hadge
The document discusses stability testing guidelines for drug substances and products during development and registration. It outlines the objectives to provide evidence on quality changes over time under various environmental factors and establish a re-test period or shelf life. For drug substances, it describes stress testing, selection of batches, specifications and storage conditions for long term, accelerated and intermediate testing. For drug products, it discusses photostability testing, batch selection, specifications, storage conditions and criteria for significant changes during stability testing.
The term “herbal drugs” denotes plants or plant parts that have been converted into phytopharmaceuticals by means of simple processes involving harvesting, drying, and storage.
Formulation Development and In Vitro Evaluation of Microsponge Drug Delivery ...YogeshIJTSRD
A Microsponge Delivery System MDS is patented, highly cross linked, porous, polymeric microspheres that can entrap wide range of actives and then release them onto the skin over a time and in response to trigger. It is a unique technology for the controlled release of topical agents and consists of microporous beads, typically 10 25 microns in diameter, loaded with active agent. In this study, Ketoconazole microsponges were prepared by using quasi emulsion solvent diffusion method. The microsponges thus prepared, were evaluated for production yield, loading efficiency, particle size analysis, in vitro release study of microsponges, and stability. Hence, the present work concluded that MDS has a great potential in topical delivery of drugs like Ketoconazole, with added advantage of reduction in irritation profile due to the controlled release and possible enhancement in the activity due to amorphization of the drug. Vilas S. Bhagat | Sanjay R. Arote "Formulation Development and In-Vitro Evaluation of Microsponge Drug Delivery System of Antifungal Drug" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd39870.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/pharmaceutics/39870/formulation-development-and-invitro-evaluation-of-microsponge-drug-delivery-system-of-antifungal-drug/vilas-s-bhagat
Formulation and Evaluation of Nimodipine Tablet by Liquisolid Techniqueijtsrd
Liquisolid technique is novel concept of the drug delivery via the oral route. This technique is applied to poorly water soluble , water insoluble or lipophilic drugs. According to the new formulation method of liquisolid compact, liquid medication such as solution or suspensions of water insoluble drug in suitable non volatile solvent can be converted into acceptably flowing and compressible powders by blending with selected powder excipients. The present work endeavour is directed towards the development of liquisolid compact for production of immediate release tablet of water insoluble Nimodipine. Liquisolid compacts were prepared by using polyethylene glycol 300 as the liquid vehicle or non volatile solvent. Crospovidone was used as a superdisintegrating agent and PVP K30 as a binder. Microcrystalline cellulose was used as a absorbing carrier and silicone dioxide as adsorbing coating material. The prepared liquisolid system were evaluated for their micromeretic properties and possible drug excipients interaction . The FTIR spectra study ruled out any interaction between the drug and excipients in preparation of Nimodipine liquisolid compact. The in vitro dissolution study confirmed enhance drug release from liquisolid compacts by using USP type I basket in 0.5 SLS in water. The selected optimal formula released 93.86 of its content in 30 min which is showing immediate release. The results showed that use of superdisintegrants had remarkable impact on the release rate of Nimodipine from Liquisolid compact, enhancing the release rate of the drug from liquisolid compact. Neha Durge | Kirti Parida ""Formulation and Evaluation of Nimodipine Tablet by Liquisolid Technique"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23863.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/pharmaceutics/23863/formulation-and-evaluation-of-nimodipine-tablet-by-liquisolid-technique/neha-durge
The drug delivery technology has become vastly competitive and rapidly evolving. More and more developments in delivery systems are being assimilated to elevate the efficacy and cost effectiveness of the therapy. To govern the delivery rate of active pharmaceutical agents to a predetermined site inside the body has been one of the biggest challenges faced by the drug industry. Microsponge releases its active pharmaceutical ingredient in a time mode and also in response to other stimuli rubbing, temperature, pH, etc. . Microsponge drug delivery technology offers entrapment of active pharmaceutical ingredients and is believed to contribute towards reduced side effects, improved stability, increased elegance, and enhanced formulation flexibility. In addition, number of studies have confirmed that microsponges systems are non irritating, non mutagenic, non allergenic, and non toxic. Microsponge technology is being used currently in a wide range of formulations. Prajakta Shinde | Nilesh Bhosle | Vijay Munde "Microsponge: An Aeon in Therapeutics" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31840.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/pharmacoinformatics/31840/microsponge-an-aeon-in-therapeutics/prajakta-shinde
Microbial spoilage-by S.D.Mankar types, sources of contamination, factors,Ass...someshwar mankar
Types of spoilage, factors affecting the microbial spoilage of pharmaceutical products,
sources and types of microbial contaminants, assessment of microbial contamination and
spoilage.
Skin topical medicine is a kind of preparation that can act as local or systemic treatment. The semi-solid
topical preparation, which is a type of common preparation for skin medicine, is multiphase,
thermodynamically unstable, and complex in composition. It is classified as a complex preparation and
has applications in the field of innovative drugs, improved new drugs and generic drugs. Medicilon
offers a professional formulation technology platform, keeping up with the pace of innovation in drug
research and development, and meeting the diverse requirements of our clients. Medicilon supported a
number of innovative drugs to complete the R&D and receive approval for clinical use.https://www.medicilon.com/platform/skin-topical-preparation-rd/
Sterile filtration of complex injectables by Partha BanerjeeMilliporeSigma
Sterile filtration and filter validation remain a critical segment during the development of these segments of products. Let's find the same by understanding a checklist and visualize certain case studies.
As the sterile injectable market continues to see rapid growth (~10% to 15% per annum) – outpacing the growth of oral products – it is natural to see the diversity of parenteral product formulations increasing in parallel. The definition of complexity in parenteral formulation development is broad. It varies based on the stage of development and the specific nature of the challenge. A notionally simple, stable reproducible laboratory formulation may carry a level of complexity in aseptic control if routine means of sterilization are unavailable.
Sterile filtration process intensification can bring significant benefits to manufacturers in terms of manufacturing flexibility, reduction of risks, better turn around time, thus achieving significantly higher productivity. We will identify these scenarios with case studies to reduce complications in manufacturing and process development.
The document discusses the liquisolid technique for enhancing drug dissolution and delivery. Liquisolid systems convert liquid drugs or drug suspensions into dry, flowable powders by mixing the liquid with select carrier and coating materials. This improves drug release characteristics and oral bioavailability. The key steps are: (1) dissolving the drug in a non-volatile solvent, (2) mixing this liquid medication with carrier material to absorb the liquid internally and externally, (3) adding a coating material to produce a dry, free-flowing powder, and (4) compressing the powder into tablets or filling capsules. Evaluation studies showed the liquisolid tablets had higher drug release and bioavailability compared to commercial formulations.
Microencapsulation of Insecticide
What is Microencapsulation?
Microcapsule and its type
Techniqes for microencapsulation
Application of microencapsullation
Application in Agriculture
Its Advantage and disadvantage
Different marketed formulations
Conclusion
This document provides a review of emulgels as a topical drug delivery system. Emulgels combine the advantages of gels and emulsions to allow both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs to be delivered through the skin. They consist of an emulsion incorporated into a gel base. This overcomes limitations of conventional gels which cannot effectively deliver hydrophobic drugs. Emulgels provide better stability, drug loading, and controlled release compared to other topical systems. They are easier and cheaper to produce than vesicular systems. The document discusses the skin as a barrier to drug delivery, factors influencing absorption, and methods to enhance penetration. It also outlines the key constituents of emulgels and their advantages for topical drug
This document provides information about the pesticide industry. It discusses the manufacturing process which involves raw materials, reactors, fractionation, drying, and packaging. It also discusses the formulation process which involves mixing active ingredients and inert materials. The document notes that pesticide production generates wastewater from processes, washing, and scrubbers. It provides effluent standards for pesticide industry wastewater set by the Central Pollution Control Board. The pollution effects on streams are also briefly mentioned.
Formulation and In Vitro characterization of transdermal patches of EtodolacSriramNagarajan18
This document summarizes the formulation and characterization of transdermal patches containing etodolac. Etodolac patches were prepared using different polymers like HPMC and EC alone and in combinations. The patches were evaluated for thickness, drug content, in vitro permeation, and kinetic studies. The patch containing HPMC E5 and EC in a 5:5 ratio (F7) showed the maximum drug release of 87.825% within 24 hours. The results suggest that etodolac transdermal patches can be successfully formulated using various ratios of EC and HPMC E5 polymers.
Addressing Downstream Challenges with Complex InjectablesMilliporeSigma
The complex injectable market is gaining traction in the injectable therapies, however manufacturing of it is critical. In this webinar, lets brainstorm on the downstream criticalities of these molecules and how to handle the same.
Addressing Downstream Challenges with Complex InjectablesMerck Life Sciences
The complex injectable market is gaining traction in the injectable therapies, however manufacturing of it is critical. In this webinar, lets brainstorm on the downstream criticalities of these molecules and how to handle the same.
IRJET-A Review on Pharmaceutical Compounds in Water and their Removal Technol...IRJET Journal
This document reviews technologies for removing pharmaceutical compounds from water, including conventional and alternative processes. It summarizes that ozonization and activated carbon adsorption are commonly used techniques. Ozonization uses ozone to directly or indirectly oxidize compounds, but does not completely remove them and oxidation can sometimes increase toxicity. Activated carbon adsorption relies on pharmaceutical properties like hydrophobicity and molecular structure, but performance is affected by competing absorption of dissolved organic carbon in water. The document evaluates factors influencing each technique and also discusses alternative processes like chlorine dioxide oxidation, nanofiltration, and zeolite filters.
Pharmaceutical microbiology involves the study of microorganisms associated with pharmaceutical development and manufacturing to minimize contamination and ensure safety and efficacy. It includes validation of disinfectants, cleanroom operation, and contamination control strategies. Key aspects are production of antibiotics and enzymes via fermentation, microbial diagnosis and waste treatment, and sterilization methods to eliminate microbes. Identification of microbes in materials and products and testing for sterility, preservative efficacy, and endotoxins are also important pharmaceutical microbiology functions.
Chemical methods for controlling micro organismsDebomitra Dey
Chemical agents are used to control microbial growth in foods, industries, and hospitals. They work by inhibiting or killing microorganisms. An ideal antimicrobial chemical agent is soluble, stable, nontoxic to humans, homogeneous, and effective at low concentrations against a broad spectrum of microbes. Common chemical agents used include phenols, alcohols, halogens, heavy metals, quaternary ammonium compounds, aldehydes, and gases. They kill microbes through mechanisms like protein denaturation, cell membrane damage, and inhibition of essential metabolic processes. Selection of the appropriate agent depends on the target microbes and environmental conditions.
Overview on Transdermal Drug Delivery Systemijtsrd
The transdermal drug delivery system is a technique that provides drug absorption via the skin. The system has many advantages over conventional administration routes such as intravenous or oral administration for systemic and local drug delivery with simple administration. It is available outside medical institutions, which decreases the burden on patients caused by intravenous administration and decreases loss from the first pass effect of the liver, delivering therapeutic drugs at a controlled ratio. Overcoming the skin barrier, including the stratum corneum and epidermal layer, is necessary to develop transdermal drug formulations. Although chemical and physical enhancers have been developed, they need high doses or high potency to exert efficiency, which induces irritation, causes damage, and reduces the skin barrier function. Mr. Rajvir Rajpurohit | Dr. Prashant Khade | Ms. Deepali Sagar | Ms. Pratiksha Sarode | Mr. Ravikiran Sarode "Overview on: Transdermal Drug Delivery System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-3 , June 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd57458.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/pharmacy/pharmaceutics/57458/overview-on-transdermal-drug-delivery-system/mr-rajvir-rajpurohit
The document discusses key considerations for designing a parenteral production facility, including product characteristics like sterility, nonpyrogenicity, and stability. It covers personnel flow and requirements like hygiene, clothing, and training. It also compares batch and continuous manufacturing operations, noting advantages like continuous processes being more time and cost efficient.
Similar to IRJET - Preformulation Studuies on a Drug: Miconazole (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Generative AI Use cases applications solutions and implementation.pdfmahaffeycheryld
Generative AI solutions encompass a range of capabilities from content creation to complex problem-solving across industries. Implementing generative AI involves identifying specific business needs, developing tailored AI models using techniques like GANs and VAEs, and integrating these models into existing workflows. Data quality and continuous model refinement are crucial for effective implementation. Businesses must also consider ethical implications and ensure transparency in AI decision-making. Generative AI's implementation aims to enhance efficiency, creativity, and innovation by leveraging autonomous generation and sophisticated learning algorithms to meet diverse business challenges.
https://www.leewayhertz.com/generative-ai-use-cases-and-applications/
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAMDivyanshu
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
- An overly permissive IAM role configuration can lead to privilege escalation by creating a role with administrative privileges and allow a user to assume this role.
- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELijaia
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
Software Engineering and Project Management - Software Testing + Agile Method...Prakhyath Rai
Software Testing: A Strategic Approach to Software Testing, Strategic Issues, Test Strategies for Conventional Software, Test Strategies for Object -Oriented Software, Validation Testing, System Testing, The Art of Debugging.
Agile Methodology: Before Agile – Waterfall, Agile Development.
Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction, Modeling Concepts...Prakhyath Rai
Introduction, Modeling Concepts and Class Modeling: What is Object orientation? What is OO development? OO Themes; Evidence for usefulness of OO development; OO modeling history. Modeling
as Design technique: Modeling, abstraction, The Three models. Class Modeling: Object and Class Concept, Link and associations concepts, Generalization and Inheritance, A sample class model, Navigation of class models, and UML diagrams
Building the Analysis Models: Requirement Analysis, Analysis Model Approaches, Data modeling Concepts, Object Oriented Analysis, Scenario-Based Modeling, Flow-Oriented Modeling, class Based Modeling, Creating a Behavioral Model.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
Build the Next Generation of Apps with the Einstein 1 Platform.
Rejoignez Philippe Ozil pour une session de workshops qui vous guidera à travers les détails de la plateforme Einstein 1, l'importance des données pour la création d'applications d'intelligence artificielle et les différents outils et technologies que Salesforce propose pour vous apporter tous les bénéfices de l'IA.
Rainfall intensity duration frequency curve statistical analysis and modeling...bijceesjournal
Using data from 41 years in Patna’ India’ the study’s goal is to analyze the trends of how often it rains on a weekly, seasonal, and annual basis (1981−2020). First, utilizing the intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curve and the relationship by statistically analyzing rainfall’ the historical rainfall data set for Patna’ India’ during a 41 year period (1981−2020), was evaluated for its quality. Changes in the hydrologic cycle as a result of increased greenhouse gas emissions are expected to induce variations in the intensity, length, and frequency of precipitation events. One strategy to lessen vulnerability is to quantify probable changes and adapt to them. Techniques such as log-normal, normal, and Gumbel are used (EV-I). Distributions were created with durations of 1, 2, 3, 6, and 24 h and return times of 2, 5, 10, 25, and 100 years. There were also mathematical correlations discovered between rainfall and recurrence interval.
Findings: Based on findings, the Gumbel approach produced the highest intensity values, whereas the other approaches produced values that were close to each other. The data indicates that 461.9 mm of rain fell during the monsoon season’s 301st week. However, it was found that the 29th week had the greatest average rainfall, 92.6 mm. With 952.6 mm on average, the monsoon season saw the highest rainfall. Calculations revealed that the yearly rainfall averaged 1171.1 mm. Using Weibull’s method, the study was subsequently expanded to examine rainfall distribution at different recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, and 25 years. Rainfall and recurrence interval mathematical correlations were also developed. Further regression analysis revealed that short wave irrigation, wind direction, wind speed, pressure, relative humidity, and temperature all had a substantial influence on rainfall.
Originality and value: The results of the rainfall IDF curves can provide useful information to policymakers in making appropriate decisions in managing and minimizing floods in the study area.
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...shadow0702a
This document serves as a comprehensive step-by-step guide on how to effectively use PyCharm for remote debugging of the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) on a local Windows machine. It meticulously outlines several critical steps in the process, starting with the crucial task of enabling permissions, followed by the installation and configuration of WSL.
The guide then proceeds to explain how to set up the SSH service within the WSL environment, an integral part of the process. Alongside this, it also provides detailed instructions on how to modify the inbound rules of the Windows firewall to facilitate the process, ensuring that there are no connectivity issues that could potentially hinder the debugging process.
The document further emphasizes on the importance of checking the connection between the Windows and WSL environments, providing instructions on how to ensure that the connection is optimal and ready for remote debugging.
It also offers an in-depth guide on how to configure the WSL interpreter and files within the PyCharm environment. This is essential for ensuring that the debugging process is set up correctly and that the program can be run effectively within the WSL terminal.
Additionally, the document provides guidance on how to set up breakpoints for debugging, a fundamental aspect of the debugging process which allows the developer to stop the execution of their code at certain points and inspect their program at those stages.
Finally, the document concludes by providing a link to a reference blog. This blog offers additional information and guidance on configuring the remote Python interpreter in PyCharm, providing the reader with a well-rounded understanding of the process.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.