This study analyzed pesticide residue levels in vegetables from domestic markets in Sri Lanka. Samples of tomatoes, capsicums, and cabbages were collected from five markets each in Nuwara Eliya, Puttalam, and Matale districts. The samples were extracted and analyzed using GC-MS to detect chlorpyrifos, phenthoate, tebuconazole, oxyfluorfen, and prothiofos residues. The analysis found pesticide residues in 40% of samples, with phenthoate highest in tomatoes and capsicums and tebuconazole highest in cabbage. Residue levels did not exceed maximum residue limits. The study aims to increase awareness of pesticide usage and risks and support
Fungicide residues occur in agricultural commodities through both intentional and unintentional exposure to fungicides. It is important to study fungicide residues for food safety and environmental reasons. Proper sampling, extraction, clean-up, and estimation techniques must be followed to accurately measure fungicide residue levels, which are regulated and have established maximum residue limits. Integrated pest management aims to minimize fungicide use and eliminate residues through alternative pest control methods.
This document summarizes pesticide use and residues in India. It finds that pesticide consumption has increased over time, with insecticides being most commonly used. Fungicide residues are frequently found on fruits and vegetables, with residues of mancozeb, carbendazim, and EBDC commonly found above maximum residue limits. Monitoring studies show approximately half of fruit and vegetable samples contain pesticide residues, though only a small percentage exceed limits. Stricter regulation and enforcement is needed to improve food safety.
TLC for chlorinated pesticide determination Bapi Mondal Bapi Mondal
In this assignment file i will demonstrate the process involved in Thin layer chromatography for Chlorinated Pesticide
determination. if u like this work feel free to share this file. thank you.
Pesticide residues in foods can pose risks if present at unsafe levels. This document discusses pesticide residues, including definitions and classifications of different pesticide types. It also covers factors that influence residue formation, such as application rate and environmental conditions. Risk assessment and monitoring programs set maximum residue limits and estimate exposure and intake to ensure pesticide residues do not exceed safe levels. International and national organizations monitor residues and set limits to protect public health.
The document presents information on the analysis of pesticides. It discusses organophosphorous pesticide analysis and organochlorine pesticide analysis. For organochlorine pesticide analysis, it describes the sodium biphenyl reduction method which involves decomposing organic halogen compounds using sodium biphenyl and titrating the liberated halide ion. It also provides an example of using this method to analyze endrin, including the reagents, preparation of the sample, and determination steps.
Pesticide residues can remain in crops after harvesting if the crops were treated with pesticides. Processing foods can help reduce pesticide residues. Washing, peeling, cooking, and other processing methods can lower pesticide levels by removing outer layers of foods and breaking down pesticides through actions like heating. Processed foods may have lower pesticide levels than fresh foods due to processing reducing residues and growers and processors aiming to minimize residues for consumer safety and demand.
This document discusses pesticides and their residues in food. It defines pesticides as substances used to prevent, destroy, repel or attract pests during production, processing, storage, transport or packaging of food. Pesticide residue above maximum residue limits can pose health risks to humans. Several studies in India have found high percentages of vegetable and milk samples contaminated with pesticide residues like DDT and organochlorines. The document outlines various government organizations and regulations related to monitoring, setting limits, and restricting hazardous pesticides to ensure food safety.
Fungicide residues occur in agricultural commodities through both intentional and unintentional exposure to fungicides. It is important to study fungicide residues for food safety and environmental reasons. Proper sampling, extraction, clean-up, and estimation techniques must be followed to accurately measure fungicide residue levels, which are regulated and have established maximum residue limits. Integrated pest management aims to minimize fungicide use and eliminate residues through alternative pest control methods.
This document summarizes pesticide use and residues in India. It finds that pesticide consumption has increased over time, with insecticides being most commonly used. Fungicide residues are frequently found on fruits and vegetables, with residues of mancozeb, carbendazim, and EBDC commonly found above maximum residue limits. Monitoring studies show approximately half of fruit and vegetable samples contain pesticide residues, though only a small percentage exceed limits. Stricter regulation and enforcement is needed to improve food safety.
TLC for chlorinated pesticide determination Bapi Mondal Bapi Mondal
In this assignment file i will demonstrate the process involved in Thin layer chromatography for Chlorinated Pesticide
determination. if u like this work feel free to share this file. thank you.
Pesticide residues in foods can pose risks if present at unsafe levels. This document discusses pesticide residues, including definitions and classifications of different pesticide types. It also covers factors that influence residue formation, such as application rate and environmental conditions. Risk assessment and monitoring programs set maximum residue limits and estimate exposure and intake to ensure pesticide residues do not exceed safe levels. International and national organizations monitor residues and set limits to protect public health.
The document presents information on the analysis of pesticides. It discusses organophosphorous pesticide analysis and organochlorine pesticide analysis. For organochlorine pesticide analysis, it describes the sodium biphenyl reduction method which involves decomposing organic halogen compounds using sodium biphenyl and titrating the liberated halide ion. It also provides an example of using this method to analyze endrin, including the reagents, preparation of the sample, and determination steps.
Pesticide residues can remain in crops after harvesting if the crops were treated with pesticides. Processing foods can help reduce pesticide residues. Washing, peeling, cooking, and other processing methods can lower pesticide levels by removing outer layers of foods and breaking down pesticides through actions like heating. Processed foods may have lower pesticide levels than fresh foods due to processing reducing residues and growers and processors aiming to minimize residues for consumer safety and demand.
This document discusses pesticides and their residues in food. It defines pesticides as substances used to prevent, destroy, repel or attract pests during production, processing, storage, transport or packaging of food. Pesticide residue above maximum residue limits can pose health risks to humans. Several studies in India have found high percentages of vegetable and milk samples contaminated with pesticide residues like DDT and organochlorines. The document outlines various government organizations and regulations related to monitoring, setting limits, and restricting hazardous pesticides to ensure food safety.
The document discusses the impacts of pesticide use on soil and soil enzymes. It describes an experiment conducted in India that showed various pesticides led to declines in the activity of dehydrogenase, phosphatase, and urease enzymes in soil. Pesticides can negatively impact soil fertility by reducing beneficial soil microorganisms. The document discusses integrated pest management and organic farming as better alternatives to heavily relying on pesticides and their effects on soil health.
The document provides guidelines for establishing maximum residue limits (MRLs) of pesticides and veterinary drugs in foods in Korea. It outlines the scope and application process for setting MRLs, including requirements for submitting toxicity and residue data to support MRL applications. It aims to clarify procedures and improve transparency around MRL establishment for domestic and international stakeholders.
Analysis of Organophosphate Pesticides Residue on Crops in Abakaliki, Ebonyi ...IOSR Journals
This document analyzes organophosphate pesticide residue found on pumpkin crops in Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Samples of pumpkin leaves were collected 3 days after being sprayed with organophosphate pesticides and analyzed using gas chromatography. Sample A contained dioxabenzeofos and phenanthrene. Sample B contained chlorethoxyfos, oxydeprofos, sulfotep, phenanthrene, and dioxabenzofos. Sample C contained chlonethoxy fos, oxydeprofos, sulfotep, phenanthrene, and dioxabenzofos. All residues were below the LD50 toxicity range for organophosphates. The
Introduction
Type of pesticides
Advantage & disadvantages of pesticides
Degradation of pesticide
Microbial degradation of pesticides
Mode of microbial metabolism of pesticides
Strategies for biodegradation
Approaches for biodegradation of pesticide
Chemical reaction leading biodegradation of pesticide
Metabolism of pesticides by MO
Metabolism of DDT
Pesticides classification and maximum residue limits in foodsherif Taha
This presentation describes main pesticide classification and illustrate how to obtain MRL for pesticide residue in EU, Codex alimentarius, USA, and Japan
The document discusses residual toxicity on food commodities and its effects on human health. It notes that toxic residues enter the food supply through pesticides, industrial effluents, and growth hormones used in food production. Common food items like fruits, vegetables, grains, meat and dairy often contain hazardous residues that can cause acute or chronic health issues. Mitigation strategies discussed include following recommended pesticide usage, government regulations on residue limits, and promoting organic farming. Overall the rampant use of toxins in conventional food production poses a serious threat to human well-being.
TLC is a useful technique for qualitatively and semi-quantitatively analyzing chlorinated pesticide residues in food products. The procedure involves preparing standard and sample solutions, spotting them on a TLC plate coated with silica gel, developing the plate in n-hexane, detecting spots using silver nitrate under UV light, and comparing sample Rf values to standards to identify residues. TLC allows for easy, inexpensive, and portable detection of pesticides in foods and has been established as an effective method by the AOAC. However, TLC only provides semi-quantitative results and has lower accuracy than techniques like HPLC.
The document discusses the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control's (NAFDAC) role in regulating herbicides in Nigeria. It defines herbicides and pesticides. NAFDAC's mandate is to regulate food, drugs and chemicals. Herbicides are classified as pre-emergent, knockdown, or selective. NAFDAC controls herbicides through product registration and evaluation, labeling requirements, inspections, and promoting safe use. The goal is to make sure herbicides are safe, effective and properly used to protect human and environmental health.
Tim Marshall presented on the use of organic herbicides in environmental weed control at the Third SA Weeds Conference on May 8-9, 2012. Organic herbicides are plant-based and include vinegar, plant essential oils, and extracts like pine oil fractions and clove, cinnamon, and cottonseed oil. They work by dissolving the outer layer of leaves and seeds, causing the plants to desiccate when temperatures are above 30 degrees Celsius. Organic herbicides have advantages like being very safe for operators and the environment, working quickly, and not harming plant stems or roots. However, they also have disadvantages like not being selective, requiring high temperatures and water volumes, and being expensive.
This document provides information on pesticides, including their classification, mechanisms of toxicity, and effects on human health. It discusses major classes of pesticides like organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids and their mechanisms of inhibiting acetylcholinesterase or sodium channels. The document also outlines pesticide metabolism, transformation, and factors influencing toxicity like dose and exposure duration. Diagnosis and treatment of pesticide illness are discussed.
This document provides a classification of insecticides according to their mode of action (MoA), listing 28 main groups. It describes the purpose of MoA classification for insecticide resistance management. Rules for inclusion in the classification require a minimum of one registered use in at least one country. Chemical sub-groups are listed when multiple active ingredients are registered, or an exemplifying active ingredient may be listed if only one is registered. The classification then lists each main group and chemical sub-group or exemplifying active ingredient along with associated active ingredients.
Seminar on pesticide analysis by prakashprakash64742
The document summarizes a seminar on pesticide analysis presented by Prakash Gupta. It discusses the effects of pests on food, the use of pesticides in agriculture, and various types of pesticides. It also outlines the benefits of pesticide use, such as increasing food production and controlling diseases, but also describes problems with pesticides like their impacts on non-target organisms, persistence in the environment, and potential to cause health issues. The seminar provided an overview of pesticide regulation through acts like FIFRA and FQPA.
Fr antibiotic pesticide hormones & heavy metals fbabasahebkumbhar
This document discusses food safety and residues that can occur in animal products consumed by humans. It defines residues as substances from drugs, metals, or other sources that are transmitted to animal products and may harm human health. Acceptable daily intake and maximum residue limits for different substances are described. Common sources of residues include antibiotics, insecticides, hormones, and heavy metals. The document outlines potential health hazards to humans from residues, including allergic reactions, toxicity, and development of drug-resistant organisms. It emphasizes the need for controls and education to minimize residues entering the food supply.
This presentation discusses agrochemicals and pesticides. It defines agrochemicals as chemical products used in agriculture, and pesticides as substances used to eradicate pests. Pesticides are classified according to their mode of action and chemicals. Insecticides are substances used to kill insects, and are classified as systemic or contact based on activity, and inorganic or organic based on chemical nature. The presentation notes the first use of synthetic pesticides in 1940 and their environmental impacts like air, water, and soil pollution.
This presentation discusses pesticide pollution detection and analysis. It defines pesticides as agrochemicals used to control pests that compete with humans for food and spread disease. Pesticide pollution occurs when chemicals from pesticides contaminate soil, water, and air, bringing mostly negative environmental impacts. Detection can be done through gas chromatography with atomic emission detectors or biosensors. Accurate detection is important to prevent issues from overuse of pesticides like resistant pests, decreased biodiversity, water pollution, and air pollution.
PRESENTATION PESTICIDE RESIDUES SURVEILLANCE IN FOODJean Ling Ong
This document provides an overview of pesticide residue monitoring activities in Malaysia, which involves multiple agencies regulating pesticides and food safety. It discusses legislation governing pesticides and maximum residue levels in food. Laboratories accredited to international standards conduct screening and analysis of domestic and imported foods. A 2010 monitoring program found low rates of pesticide residue exceedances in foods from local markets in four Malaysian states.
Pesticides Degradation Through Microorganisms (Biodegradtion)SaLim AyuBi
The document discusses a research study on biodegradation of the pesticide profenofos. It lists the group members and describes profenofos as a widely used and hazardous pesticide in Pakistan. The methodology section outlines the steps taken, which included sampling soil, enriching samples in media, incubating mixtures, conducting plate counts, and isolating and characterizing microorganisms. The researchers found specific growth of pesticide-degrading microbes and plan to isolate and characterize them further. The experience was positive and the microbiology lab was well-equipped to support the research.
Pesticides use in agriculture: benefits, risks and safetykrishgupta17
This document discusses pesticides, including their history, types, uses, and risks. It notes that pesticides have increased agricultural production but also pose environmental and health risks. The main types of pesticides are insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, and rodenticides. Risks include negative effects on humans, water and soil pollution, resistance in pests, and impacts on non-target species and pollinators. Proper use and disposal of pesticides can help reduce risks to human and environmental health.
This document discusses pesticide residues in food. It begins by defining pesticides and explaining how residues can occur in foods when pesticides are used during agricultural production. It notes that processing foods can help reduce residues. It then discusses groups vulnerable to pesticide effects like children. The document outlines pesticide risk assessment and various health effects of pesticide exposure. It concludes by discussing approaches for preventing and controlling pesticide residues like consumer education, legislation, research into alternatives, and promotion of integrated pest management.
The document discusses the impacts of pesticide use on soil and soil enzymes. It describes an experiment conducted in India that showed various pesticides led to declines in the activity of dehydrogenase, phosphatase, and urease enzymes in soil. Pesticides can negatively impact soil fertility by reducing beneficial soil microorganisms. The document discusses integrated pest management and organic farming as better alternatives to heavily relying on pesticides and their effects on soil health.
The document provides guidelines for establishing maximum residue limits (MRLs) of pesticides and veterinary drugs in foods in Korea. It outlines the scope and application process for setting MRLs, including requirements for submitting toxicity and residue data to support MRL applications. It aims to clarify procedures and improve transparency around MRL establishment for domestic and international stakeholders.
Analysis of Organophosphate Pesticides Residue on Crops in Abakaliki, Ebonyi ...IOSR Journals
This document analyzes organophosphate pesticide residue found on pumpkin crops in Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Samples of pumpkin leaves were collected 3 days after being sprayed with organophosphate pesticides and analyzed using gas chromatography. Sample A contained dioxabenzeofos and phenanthrene. Sample B contained chlorethoxyfos, oxydeprofos, sulfotep, phenanthrene, and dioxabenzofos. Sample C contained chlonethoxy fos, oxydeprofos, sulfotep, phenanthrene, and dioxabenzofos. All residues were below the LD50 toxicity range for organophosphates. The
Introduction
Type of pesticides
Advantage & disadvantages of pesticides
Degradation of pesticide
Microbial degradation of pesticides
Mode of microbial metabolism of pesticides
Strategies for biodegradation
Approaches for biodegradation of pesticide
Chemical reaction leading biodegradation of pesticide
Metabolism of pesticides by MO
Metabolism of DDT
Pesticides classification and maximum residue limits in foodsherif Taha
This presentation describes main pesticide classification and illustrate how to obtain MRL for pesticide residue in EU, Codex alimentarius, USA, and Japan
The document discusses residual toxicity on food commodities and its effects on human health. It notes that toxic residues enter the food supply through pesticides, industrial effluents, and growth hormones used in food production. Common food items like fruits, vegetables, grains, meat and dairy often contain hazardous residues that can cause acute or chronic health issues. Mitigation strategies discussed include following recommended pesticide usage, government regulations on residue limits, and promoting organic farming. Overall the rampant use of toxins in conventional food production poses a serious threat to human well-being.
TLC is a useful technique for qualitatively and semi-quantitatively analyzing chlorinated pesticide residues in food products. The procedure involves preparing standard and sample solutions, spotting them on a TLC plate coated with silica gel, developing the plate in n-hexane, detecting spots using silver nitrate under UV light, and comparing sample Rf values to standards to identify residues. TLC allows for easy, inexpensive, and portable detection of pesticides in foods and has been established as an effective method by the AOAC. However, TLC only provides semi-quantitative results and has lower accuracy than techniques like HPLC.
The document discusses the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control's (NAFDAC) role in regulating herbicides in Nigeria. It defines herbicides and pesticides. NAFDAC's mandate is to regulate food, drugs and chemicals. Herbicides are classified as pre-emergent, knockdown, or selective. NAFDAC controls herbicides through product registration and evaluation, labeling requirements, inspections, and promoting safe use. The goal is to make sure herbicides are safe, effective and properly used to protect human and environmental health.
Tim Marshall presented on the use of organic herbicides in environmental weed control at the Third SA Weeds Conference on May 8-9, 2012. Organic herbicides are plant-based and include vinegar, plant essential oils, and extracts like pine oil fractions and clove, cinnamon, and cottonseed oil. They work by dissolving the outer layer of leaves and seeds, causing the plants to desiccate when temperatures are above 30 degrees Celsius. Organic herbicides have advantages like being very safe for operators and the environment, working quickly, and not harming plant stems or roots. However, they also have disadvantages like not being selective, requiring high temperatures and water volumes, and being expensive.
This document provides information on pesticides, including their classification, mechanisms of toxicity, and effects on human health. It discusses major classes of pesticides like organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids and their mechanisms of inhibiting acetylcholinesterase or sodium channels. The document also outlines pesticide metabolism, transformation, and factors influencing toxicity like dose and exposure duration. Diagnosis and treatment of pesticide illness are discussed.
This document provides a classification of insecticides according to their mode of action (MoA), listing 28 main groups. It describes the purpose of MoA classification for insecticide resistance management. Rules for inclusion in the classification require a minimum of one registered use in at least one country. Chemical sub-groups are listed when multiple active ingredients are registered, or an exemplifying active ingredient may be listed if only one is registered. The classification then lists each main group and chemical sub-group or exemplifying active ingredient along with associated active ingredients.
Seminar on pesticide analysis by prakashprakash64742
The document summarizes a seminar on pesticide analysis presented by Prakash Gupta. It discusses the effects of pests on food, the use of pesticides in agriculture, and various types of pesticides. It also outlines the benefits of pesticide use, such as increasing food production and controlling diseases, but also describes problems with pesticides like their impacts on non-target organisms, persistence in the environment, and potential to cause health issues. The seminar provided an overview of pesticide regulation through acts like FIFRA and FQPA.
Fr antibiotic pesticide hormones & heavy metals fbabasahebkumbhar
This document discusses food safety and residues that can occur in animal products consumed by humans. It defines residues as substances from drugs, metals, or other sources that are transmitted to animal products and may harm human health. Acceptable daily intake and maximum residue limits for different substances are described. Common sources of residues include antibiotics, insecticides, hormones, and heavy metals. The document outlines potential health hazards to humans from residues, including allergic reactions, toxicity, and development of drug-resistant organisms. It emphasizes the need for controls and education to minimize residues entering the food supply.
This presentation discusses agrochemicals and pesticides. It defines agrochemicals as chemical products used in agriculture, and pesticides as substances used to eradicate pests. Pesticides are classified according to their mode of action and chemicals. Insecticides are substances used to kill insects, and are classified as systemic or contact based on activity, and inorganic or organic based on chemical nature. The presentation notes the first use of synthetic pesticides in 1940 and their environmental impacts like air, water, and soil pollution.
This presentation discusses pesticide pollution detection and analysis. It defines pesticides as agrochemicals used to control pests that compete with humans for food and spread disease. Pesticide pollution occurs when chemicals from pesticides contaminate soil, water, and air, bringing mostly negative environmental impacts. Detection can be done through gas chromatography with atomic emission detectors or biosensors. Accurate detection is important to prevent issues from overuse of pesticides like resistant pests, decreased biodiversity, water pollution, and air pollution.
PRESENTATION PESTICIDE RESIDUES SURVEILLANCE IN FOODJean Ling Ong
This document provides an overview of pesticide residue monitoring activities in Malaysia, which involves multiple agencies regulating pesticides and food safety. It discusses legislation governing pesticides and maximum residue levels in food. Laboratories accredited to international standards conduct screening and analysis of domestic and imported foods. A 2010 monitoring program found low rates of pesticide residue exceedances in foods from local markets in four Malaysian states.
Pesticides Degradation Through Microorganisms (Biodegradtion)SaLim AyuBi
The document discusses a research study on biodegradation of the pesticide profenofos. It lists the group members and describes profenofos as a widely used and hazardous pesticide in Pakistan. The methodology section outlines the steps taken, which included sampling soil, enriching samples in media, incubating mixtures, conducting plate counts, and isolating and characterizing microorganisms. The researchers found specific growth of pesticide-degrading microbes and plan to isolate and characterize them further. The experience was positive and the microbiology lab was well-equipped to support the research.
Pesticides use in agriculture: benefits, risks and safetykrishgupta17
This document discusses pesticides, including their history, types, uses, and risks. It notes that pesticides have increased agricultural production but also pose environmental and health risks. The main types of pesticides are insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, and rodenticides. Risks include negative effects on humans, water and soil pollution, resistance in pests, and impacts on non-target species and pollinators. Proper use and disposal of pesticides can help reduce risks to human and environmental health.
This document discusses pesticide residues in food. It begins by defining pesticides and explaining how residues can occur in foods when pesticides are used during agricultural production. It notes that processing foods can help reduce residues. It then discusses groups vulnerable to pesticide effects like children. The document outlines pesticide risk assessment and various health effects of pesticide exposure. It concludes by discussing approaches for preventing and controlling pesticide residues like consumer education, legislation, research into alternatives, and promotion of integrated pest management.
The document describes Espar's E-Guardian Plus auxiliary preheating kits for school buses. The E-Guardian Plus kits combine features from Espar's previous E-Guardian series with new additions like a digital controller and auto-reset impact switch to improve efficiency and performance. The kits include coolant heaters and controllers to provide heating and allow buses to turn off their engines while preheating. The heaters use little fuel and power compared to running the bus engine and can reduce idling by up to 90%, making them an efficient anti-idling solution.
Dokumen ini membahas tentang menulis karya ilmiah sederhana. Karya ilmiah merupakan tulisan yang didasari hasil pengamatan, peninjauan, dan penelitian dalam bidang tertentu. Manfaat menulis karya ilmiah antara lain berlatih menggabungkan hasil bacaan dari berbagai sumber, meningkatkan pengumpulan data secara sistematis, memperluas ilmu pengetahuan, dan sebagai bahan acuan penelitian selanjutnya
Internet ha revolucionado las transacciones comerciales pero también plantea retos para la fiscalidad. La identificación de contribuyentes, la información tributaria y el control de precios de transferencia son áreas problemáticas. Se necesita un marco regulatorio que aborde aspectos jurídicos como la determinación del lugar de contratos y responsabilidades por productos defectuosos. Las normativas fiscales deben adaptarse a la globalización de transacciones en Internet.
This document summarizes a presentation about the Plant Health Resource Center (PHRC) and the training of first detectors. The PHRC aims to improve plant health protection in Pennsylvania through collaboration. It develops connections across agencies, focuses on priority issues like invasive species and pollinators, and provides in-service trainings. The PHRC also coordinates the first detector workshop to train agricultural inspectors and educators in monitoring and submitting samples. The Penn State Plant Disease Clinic, which processes about 2,000 samples per year, was also discussed.
This document provides training materials for servers at 180 Blue, a student-run restaurant. It includes:
- An overview of the server uniform, pricing, and responsibilities at 180 Blue.
- Steps for greeting tables, taking orders, and providing excellent service.
- Details on wine service, handling complaints, and food safety practices.
- Sample dialogues for greeting tables and apologizing to unhappy guests.
- Guidance on anticipating guest needs, being attentive, and ensuring a positive dining experience.
Attracting and retaining Millennials is a pain-point many of us know all too well. Here are some tips on the types of benefits your company can provide in order to attract and retain top talent.
This document discusses testing in projects for a white label application that provides flight, hotel, and car rental searches. It describes the project scope, team sizes over multiple phases, the development life cycle with iterations for story implementation and testing, testing instruments used, challenges faced with localization, browsers/OS, and balancing quality vs time. Metrics and achievements are also summarized, including rebuilding the white label from scratch, adding new products, reducing customer onboarding time/cost, and gaining new projects with happy customers.
This document discusses unpleasant place tourism, also known as thanatourism. It provides examples of unpleasant places that have become tourist attractions, including Jalianwala Bagh in India, where over 1,000 Indians were killed by British forces in 1919. The document outlines the history of the Jalianwala Bagh massacre and describes the memorial currently at the site. It discusses how interpreting such unpleasant places for tourists can respect both local sentiments and the harsh realities that occurred. Architecture at these sites sometimes incorporates symbols to represent pain, grief, and hope. The document emphasizes tourists should understand the feelings of local people impacted by the events being commemorated at these sites.
IT Talk smartwatches, Dmitriy Scherbina DataArt Dnepropetrovsk DataArt
Smartwatches are gaining popularity, with 89 companies selling 6.8 million units in 2014. The Apple Watch launched in 2015 and uses a thin client model where the watch interface resources are on the watch but code executes on the paired iPhone. The Apple Watch kit provides several basic UI elements like buttons, labels, and images that can be used to build watch apps. Interaction is via taps, swipes and gestures. Notifications can have short and long interfaces. While customization is limited, animations and settings can be used. Third party apps cannot make calls and access to sensors is not allowed. The future of smartwatches looks promising but improvements could be made to address quality, privacy and customization concerns.
This document provides advice from business owners on what they wish they knew when starting out. It includes 8 tips: 1) Capitalize on underserved areas of the market and distribute your service in innovative ways to compete against larger competitors. 2) Don't stress about company culture, let it develop organically. 3) Expect to adapt your business model as conditions change in order to succeed. 4) Maintain a work-life balance to avoid burnout and have moments of clarity. 5) Embrace mistakes as learning opportunities and never repeat them. 6) Hire passionate people who find purpose in their work. 7) Seek mentorship early on to avoid learning lessons the hard way. 8) Invest in systems and processes up
The document summarizes the history and key aspects of uses and gratifications theory. It explains that in the 1960s, media theorists recognized that audiences were active rather than passive in their media consumption. In 1948, Lasswell proposed four main functions of media texts: surveillance, correlation, entertainment, and cultural transmission. Katz and Blumler later expanded on this in 1974 to include personal relationships, personal identity, and diversion as reasons individuals consume media. The uses and gratifications theory focuses on understanding what audiences want from media texts and how they use and are affected by them.
Effect of organic farming in vegetable cropsRaju Daki
This document discusses organic farming of vegetables in India. It begins with an introduction to organic farming practices including crop rotations, use of organic manures and biofertilizers, and biological pest control. It then discusses the history and development of organic farming. The rest of the document outlines principles and objectives of organic vegetable farming in India, common vegetable crops grown organically, and strategies for organic production including use of organic manures and amendments, biofertilizers, and botanical pesticides. Tables provide data on organic certification and production in India. The document concludes with results from a study on the effects of organic plant growth promoters on brinjal yields.
Effect of organic farming in vegetable cropsRaju Daki
The document discusses organic farming of vegetable crops in India, including the principles and objectives of organic farming, common vegetable crops grown organically in India, and strategies for organic vegetable production such as using organic manures and biofertilizers. It also provides data on the area under organic certification in India and the effects of different organic treatments on brinjal yields.
Pharmacognosy is the study of medicines derived from natural sources. It studies the physical, chemical, biochemical and biological properties of drugs from natural origins. Pharmacognosy has many applications in drug development including standardization, quality control, and meeting export standards. It is important for identifying medicinal plants, studying their properties, ensuring substitutes and adulterants are not used, and for developing pharmacopeias. Pharmacognosy involves collection and identification of plant materials, anatomical and phytochemical analysis, and biological activity studies to develop formulations.
Application of Bioinoculants in medicinal plants to enhance the growth, devel...Krishna Kumari
It is a scientific seminar on bioinoculants application in medicinal plants to enhance the growth, development and metabolite content. It gives the idea of mechanism and effect of bioinoculants in medicinal plants. Why bioinoculants are very important in current scenario especially in medicinal plants production.
The study analyzed 48 pesticides including organochlorines, organophosphates, synthetic pyrethroids, and herbicides in 60 samples of 20 vegetables collected from Lucknow, India using the QuEChERS extraction method and gas chromatography. 23 pesticides were detected in the vegetable samples at levels ranging from 0.005-12.35 mg/kg. Some vegetables like radish, cucumber, cauliflower, cabbage, and okra contained pesticide residues above the Indian maximum residue limits for pesticides in foods. The study assessed the pesticide contamination of vegetables commonly consumed in Lucknow.
This document summarizes a seminar on weed management in vegetable crops. It discusses various topics related to weeds including definitions of weeds, problems caused by weeds, classification of weeds, principles of weed management, and methods of prevention, eradication and control of weeds. Specific methods discussed include cultural, mechanical, chemical, biological and integrated weed management approaches. Examples of the impact of different weed management techniques on crop yields are also provided.
Phytochemical Screening and Gc-Ms Analysis of Garudan Samba Traditional Rice ...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— The Garudan Samba, an important Traditional variety of Tamil Nadu was investigated for its phytochemical screening and GCMS study. The brown rice was extracted using ethanol. The results obtained after GCMS studies were confirmed by spectral analysis. The analysis of the ethanol extract showed the presence of n-Hexadecanoic acid, 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-, and Oleic acid, as major constituents of the total compounds (76.33%), which have the capacity to prevent many health related disorders. It also contained the medicinally important compounds like Caryophyllene, Ethyl Oleate, Squalene, γ-Tocopherol, Lup-20(29)-en-3-ol, acetate, (3β)-, and phyto sterols like Campesterol, Stigmasterol and β-Sitosterol. Hence, Garudan samba may be considered as one of the important Traditional variety with high level of medicinally important phytoconstituents.
Purity analysis of nine pesticides collected from eight locations in bangladeshJaminur Rahman
This document analyzes the purity levels of nine common pesticides collected from various locations in Bangladesh. Laboratory tests found that 66.66% of pesticide brands contained over 90% of the labeled active ingredient. However, 12% contained 80-90% active ingredient and 21.34% contained less than 80%, with three brands containing no active ingredient at all. The results indicate issues with inconsistent pesticide purity in Bangladesh, which could contribute to overuse by farmers and development of pest resistance.
This thesis evaluates the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of selected Turkish spices. Total microbial counts were determined for five spices using agar pour plate and spread plate methods, with Rhus coriaria showing the highest counts. Agar disc diffusion assays were used to test the antimicrobial activities of spice tablets and extracts against E. coli and S. aureus. Origanum vulgare, Thymbra spicata, and Rhus coriaria showed inhibition zones, indicating antimicrobial activity. The antioxidant activities of the spices were also examined using Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity, Total Phenolic Content, and Total Flavonoid Content assays. The results of this study suggest that some Turkish spices have potential as
This document summarizes research on integrated nutrient management for cucumber production. Key findings include:
1) The highest cucumber yield (32.8 t/ha) was obtained with 50% recommended dose of fertilizer plus vermicompost and biofertilizers.
2) Application of 75% recommended dose of fertilizer plus phosphate solubilizing bacteria increased vine length, plant height, and number of branches compared to the control.
3) Organic sources like farmyard manure, vermicompost, and green leaf manure, alone or combined with reduced chemical fertilizers and biofertilizers, improved growth and yield of cucumber compared to recommended chemical doses alone.
“Mapping and analysis of production and market of Organic produce in Uttarakh...Anoop K Mishra
1) The document presents research on mapping organic production and markets in Uttarakhand, India. It estimates surplus production by district and commodity, identifies aggregation points, and analyzes seasonality.
2) A consumer survey in Delhi NCR found high concern about pesticides in some foods but lack of access to organic stores. Most purchase organic from local grocers or vendors rather than large stores.
3) The research aims to help organic producers in Uttarakhand by creating databases on surplus areas and schemes to link producers to markets like Delhi NCR with potential, especially for millets, spices and honey.
This document summarizes a study on the effect of different organic manures on the yield and characteristics of sweet pepper. The study found that poultry manure was the most effective treatment, increasing flowering speed, fruit diameter, number of fruits per plant, and overall yield. Vermicompost combined with urea was the next best treatment. The current farming practice of Nepalese farmers using farmyard manure and chemical fertilizers performed significantly better than the control treatment. The study concludes that poultry manure is the best organic manure to use for sweet pepper based on its positive impacts on various plant characteristics and yield.
A B S T R A C T
Sixteen types of common culinary spices available in local market were procured and analyzed to observe the level of contamination of pesticide residues with special reference to organochlorines (OCs) and synthetic pyrethroids (SPs). A total twenty-four pesticides, i.e., fourteen types of OCs and ten OPs were analyzed using Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe: QuEChERS method. Method validation was performed satisfactorily prior to analysis. The percent (%) recovery, limit of detection (LOD) and retention time (RT) of 24 pesticides in 16 different spices sample matrix were also assessed. The level of pesticide residues in various spices were also compared with their maximum residues limit (MRL) as per food safety act/Codex guidelines. Maximum spice samples (90%) were found free from pesticide contamination. γ-HCH, endosulfan and dicofol were detectable amongst OCs in a limited number of samples of turmeric, coriander, red chilli, cumin and nutmeg. Isomers of cypermethrine as well as cyfluthrin were significant OPs observed in traces in a few samples of turmeric and aniseed. Contaminations of pesticide residues may occur during harvesting of post harvesting practices including prolong storage conditions. A periodic monitoring and assessment are needful for safe commercial and domestic uses of culinary spices.
Effect of Organic and Inorganic Manurial Combinations on Turmeric (Curcuma Lo...inventionjournals
The document summarizes a study that evaluated the effects of organic and inorganic manure combinations on the growth, yield, and quality of turmeric. The study found that a treatment of 50% nitrogen from urea and 50% from poultry manure (T5) significantly increased plant growth parameters, yield, and curcumin content compared to the control of recommended doses of only inorganic fertilizers (T0). Specifically, T5 led to the highest fresh rhizome yield of 154.18 q/ha, dry rhizome yield of 34.73 q/ha, and curcumin content of 5.2%. The improved results from T5 are likely due to the beneficial effects of poultry man
This document provides information about organic agriculture in India. It discusses key topics such as:
- Definitions and principles of organic agriculture according to IFOAM.
- Statistics on the percentage of area under organic farming in different countries worldwide, with Germany having the highest at 8.4%.
- National trends in India, including the total number of organic farmers and top states such as Madhya Pradesh and Himachal Pradesh.
- The need for and process of organic certification to assure consumers that products meet organic standards. This involves accreditation, standards, inspection and certification.
- National Standards for Organic Production in India for crops, livestock management, animal nutrition and prohibited substances.
The document discusses methods for estimating pesticides in vegetables. It begins with introductions to pesticides and their classification. It then discusses regulations around pesticide residues and terminology used in pesticide analysis. The document outlines the workflow for pesticide residue analysis including sample collection, preparation, extraction, clean up, and analysis. It provides details on sample extraction methods for vegetables, including the QuEChERS method. Finally, it discusses multiresidue analysis methods for pesticides using gas chromatography.
In this slides contains deep introduction about pesticides and analysis of pesticide residue in vegetables.
Presented by: M. Malarvannan (Department of pharmaceutical analysis),
RIPER, anantapur.
Abstract— Field experiments were conducted during kharif 2014 and 2015 with curry leaf variety Suwasini to study the dissipation pattern of carbendazim 50 EC at 500 g a.i. ha-1 and cypermethrin 10 % EC @ 50 g a i/ha (550 ml/ha) 1 by giving two sprays first at vegetative stage and second 10 days later. The leaf samples collected at 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 45th day after second spray and soil samples at 45th day for residue analysis showed initial deposits of carbendazim 16.00 mg kg-1 and Cypermetrin 13.09 mg kg-1 which ,dissipated to 0.04 mg kg -1 and 0. 28 mg kg – 1 respectively. The residues reached to Below Determination Level (BDL) at 20 and 10 days, respectively. As there were no pesticide recommendations and MRLs fixed for any of the pesticide in curry leaf, the day at which residues reached BDL can be suggested as the safe harvest period for curry leaf.
Organic farming is not a new concept in India, as Indian farmers traditionally practiced only organic methods before the Green Revolution introduced chemical fertilizers and pesticides in the 1960s. While the Green Revolution initially increased food production and self-sufficiency, overuse of chemicals has led to declining soil fertility, environmental pollution, and other issues. Organic farming aims to maintain soil health through natural techniques like using organic manures and biofertilizers without synthetic inputs. It provides nutritional food while preserving the environment for future generations. India's organic sector has grown in recent decades and the country now exports a variety of organic products.
2. Assessment of pesticide residues in
vegetables of selected domestic
markets in Sri Lanka
K.Sendthuran (128059)
3. Background
• Fresh vegetable are
Mature edible plant sources
Rich in Nutrients
• They are an important food group in a healthy diet
• Pesticides are the chemicals utilized by farmers to protect their crops
from pests and diseases
• Pesticides used in agriculture are
Insecticides
Fungicides
Herbicides
4.
5. Do we know?
• If farmers obey agrochemical usage standards?
• Are the residues of these chemicals accumulate in harvest?
• Are vegetables available in domestic market free of pesticide residues ?
6. Objectives
• To quantify prominent pesticide residues in selected vegetables
in domestic markets in Sri Lanka
• To compare the level of pesticide residues in vegetables
collected from different locations and compare them with
maximum residue level (MRL)
10. Pesticide Residue Analysis
• Samples from tomato, capsicum and cabbage :
• Raw
• Spike
• GC-MS was performed:
• Chlorpyrifos
• Oxyfluorfen
• Phenthoate
• Prothiofos
• Tebuconazole 6890n network gas chromatograph (Agilent)
Santa Clara, California. United States
18. Conclusions
• The study revealed about 40% contamination of selected vegetables
• The average recovery of pesticide standards in vegetable samples were
80.0 to 120.0 %
• The prominent pesticide residue in tomato and capsicum was phenthoate
(0.345 mg/kg), (0.2 mg/kg) and in cabbage tebuconazole (0.33 mg/kg).
• 27% of vegetable samples collect from Puttalam district contain residue of
chlorpyrifos a banned pesticide.
• Residues of the pesticides does not exceed MRL.
19. Limitations
• Limited time to do the study
• Limited pesticide standards and cost of the analysis.
• Difference practices followed by middlemen.
21. Acknowledgement
• Prof.CVL Jayasinghe, Head , Department of Food Science &
Technology.
• Internal supervisor Dr.S.Jayathilake, Senior lecturer, Department of
Food Science & Technology.
• External supervisor Ms. P.W.Y.Lakshani ,Research officer, Office of the
Registrar of Pesticides
• All the members in the residue laboratory, Office of the Registrar of
Pesticides
• My family and friends
22. References
• AOAC INTERNATIONAL (2000), Official Methods of Analysis 17th edn, vol. II. Cunniff P, Arlington,
VA, AOAC Int., 49: 1-60.
• Chandra, S., Mahindrakar, A.N. & Shinde, L.P. (2014) Analysis of pesticide residue in vegetables
local market Nanded, India. International Journal of ChemTech Research, 6(5), pp.2760–2768.
• Chandra,S., Mahindrakar,A.N., Mukesh Kumar,Shinde,L.P.(2014) Determination Of Pesticide
Residues In Fruits Local Market Nanded, India. International Journal of Advanced Research, 2(7),
pp.1075–1082.
30. Phenthoate
• Interfere with the metabolism of acetylcholine
• Effect the CNS
• These effected clinically as feeling of headache, weakness, dizziness,
blurred vision, psychosis, respiratory difficulty, paralysis, convulsions,
and coma
31. Tebuconazole
• Nausea, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, shaking, sweating, dizziness, and/or
confusion
• Cancer Classification: Group C Possible Human Carcinogen
Editor's Notes
Adopting a new healthier lifestyle can involve changing diet to include more fresh fruit and vegetables
TOPIC
To make insight, vegetables are mature edible plant sources which may or may not be processed before consumption. Also they are rich in vitamins, minerals and dietary fibers. Therefore they are a important part of a healthy diet. . To improve or sustain the quality & quantity farmers apply varies Chemicals.
Due to the type of the crops, their economic value and type of pest and weed the chemicals and the application methods can be differ.
Can you think of answering this things.
If farmers obey agrochemical usage standards?
Are these chemicals residually accumulated in harvest?
The vegetable we get from domestic markets are free from pesticide residues
My research objectives stand this way
To quantify prominent pesticide residues in selected vegetables in domestic markets in our country
And comparing the pesticide residue level among the vegetables and the selected districts
And also compare them with the maximum residue level
Initially site selection to collect veg was done 3 district (Nuwara Eliya, Puttalam and Matale) domestic markets were assessed
Sample collection was done by collecting 1kg of each vegetable (Tomato, Capsicum & Cabbage) collected from five different domestic market from a district
Altogether 45 samples was collected.
Vegetable samples were chopped and blended and frozen for overnight. On the following day, the pesticide residue was extracted from the vegetable matrix using “QuEChERS” method .
“Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged Safe method”
For the Residue analysis raw sample and spiked sample extracts was injected to preform a GC-MS. For,
Chlorpyrifos,
Oxyfluorfen,
Phenthoate,
Prothiofos,
Tebuconazole
Now I will show you the important part of my research.
1.Moving to the results of the study, the figure illustrates the recovery % of pesticides compounds inject to the vegetable samples.
2. Recovery % of pesticides standard compounds in vegetables varies from 80% to 120%. Among the 3 pesticide standard compounds,
3.penthoate showed the highest recovery percentage where as chlorpyrifos showed the lowest recovery percentage.
1.A variation in the presence of pesticide compounds was detected in VEG from different domestic markets. 2.Among the VEG from 3 different districts, VEGs from Matale reported to have more chance of presence of PR.
3.Level of pesticide residue presence was comparatively low in vegetables from Nuwara Eliya.
4.Further, presence of PR in VEG from Puttalam was greater than VEG from Nuwara Eliya and Lower than Matale.
1.Having discussed the level of pesticide residue presence in vegetables from different districts,
2.let me now move on to the level of pesticide residues among different vegetables.
3.Based on the figure, highest level of pesticide residue presence was detected in cabbage.
4.Equal chance of pesticide residues was identified in tomato and capsicum.
1.Taking a closer look at the Prominent pesticide residues in selected vegetables,
2.chlorpyrifos presence was detected at lower level in selected three types of vegetables.
3.Phenthoate was highly prominent in tomato whereas tebuconazole was commonly high in cabbage.
4.Further, phenthoate presence was not detected in cabbage.
1.When focusing the study location, chlorpyrifos was found only in the VEG from Puttalam.
2.An equal level of phenthoate residues was identified in VEGs from Nuwara Eliya and Matale.
3.More or less equal level of pesticide residues was found in VEGs from 3 districts.
4.Tebuconazole was significantly prominent in VEGs from Matale compared to other 2 districts.
5.VEGs from Nuwara Eliya and Puttalam showed an equal level of tebuconazole pesticide residues.
1.These figures clearly explains the comparison of pesticides residues with their respective MRL.
2.Presence of chlorpyrifos residue in selected three types of vegetables was very lower compared with its MRL. 3.Similarly, Presence of tebuconazole residue in selected three types of vegetables was also lower compared with its MRL.
Finally lets move to the conclusion.
1.From the total 45 VEG sample 40% are contain pesticide residue
2.The avg recovery percentage for the pesticide standard is between 80% to 120%
3.Phenthoate is the prominent pesticide residue in tomato and capsicum and tebuconazole in cabbage.
4.27% of vegetable samples collect from Puttalam district contain residue of chlorpyrifos a banned pesticide.
5.But the Residues of the pesticides does not exceed MRL.
* Limited time to assess the markets and collect samples.
*8 pesticide standards are available only for this 8 compounds the analysis can be done but there are different pesticide are used in agriculture
*And also for one sample extraction cost is very high.
To get a reliable result of the residue of pesticides because there is a different in the application of pesticide to the harvest can be change due to the season.
When increase the sample size and location the final out put of the study can be reliable and represent the whole country
At the end of this study I would like to offer my gratitude to these people specially to
Prof.cvl jayasinga HEAD dept. food sci & technology
Internal supervisor
External supervisor
These are some of important references which I followed.
keep this theme in your mind “Eat healthy, live longer”
Thank you all