This document summarizes a research paper that develops an optimal short-term generation scheduling model for 10 generating units using particle swarm optimization (PSO). The objective is to minimize total operating costs including fuel costs and start-up costs while satisfying constraints like power balance, generator limits, minimum up/down times, and reserve requirements. PSO is applied to obtain the optimal scheduling by updating the velocity and position of "particles" representing generator outputs over iterations. Results show PSO efficiently finds near-optimal solutions and provides economic benefits compared to other techniques for solving short-term generation scheduling problems.
Optimization of Economic Load Dispatch with Unit Commitment on Multi MachineIJAPEJOURNAL
Economic load dispatch (ELD) and Unit Commitment (UC) are significant research applications in power systems that optimize the total production cost of the predicted load demand. The UC problem determines a turn-on and turn-off schedule for a given combination of generating units, thus satisfying a set of dynamic operational constraints. ELD optimizes the operation cost for all scheduled generating units with respect to the load demands of customers. The first phase in this project is to economically schedule the distribution of generating units using Gauss seidal and the second phase is to determine optimal load distribution for the scheduled units using dynamic programming method is applied to select and choose the combination of generating units that commit and de-commit during each hour. These precommitted schedules are optimized by dynamic programming method thus producing a global optimum solution with feasible and effective solution quality, minimal cost and time and higher precision. The effectiveness of the proposed techniques is investigated on two test systems consisting of five generating units and the experiments are carried out using MATLAB R2010b software. Experimental results prove that the proposed method is capable of yielding higher quality solution including mathematical simplicity, fast convergence, diversity maintenance, robustness and scalability for the complex ELD-UC problem.
Profit based unit commitment for GENCOs using Parallel PSO in a distributed c...IDES Editor
In the deregulated electricity market, each
generating company has to maximize its own profit by
committing suitable generation schedule termed as profit
based unit commitment (PBUC). This article proposes a
Parallel Particle Swarm Optimization (PPSO) solution to the
PBUC problem. This method has better convergence
characteristics in obtaining optimum solution. The proposed
approach uses a cluster of computers performing parallel
operations in a distributed environment for obtaining the
PBUC solution. The time complexity and the solution quality
with respect to the number of processors in the cluster are
thoroughly tested. The method has been applied to 10 unit
system and the results show that the proposed PPSO in a
distributed cluster constantly outperforms the other methods
which are available in the literature.
Dynamic Economic Dispatch Assessment Using Particle Swarm Optimization TechniquejournalBEEI
This paper presents the application of particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique for solving the dynamic economic dispatch (DED) problem. The DED is one of the main functions in power system planning in order to obtain optimum power system operation and control. It determines the optimal operation of generating units at every predicted load demands over a certain period of time. The optimum operation of generating units is obtained by referring to the minimum total generation cost while the system is operating within its limits. The DED based PSO technique is tested on a 9-bus system containing of three generator bus, six load bus and twelve transmission lines.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Optimization of Economic Load Dispatch with Unit Commitment on Multi MachineIJAPEJOURNAL
Economic load dispatch (ELD) and Unit Commitment (UC) are significant research applications in power systems that optimize the total production cost of the predicted load demand. The UC problem determines a turn-on and turn-off schedule for a given combination of generating units, thus satisfying a set of dynamic operational constraints. ELD optimizes the operation cost for all scheduled generating units with respect to the load demands of customers. The first phase in this project is to economically schedule the distribution of generating units using Gauss seidal and the second phase is to determine optimal load distribution for the scheduled units using dynamic programming method is applied to select and choose the combination of generating units that commit and de-commit during each hour. These precommitted schedules are optimized by dynamic programming method thus producing a global optimum solution with feasible and effective solution quality, minimal cost and time and higher precision. The effectiveness of the proposed techniques is investigated on two test systems consisting of five generating units and the experiments are carried out using MATLAB R2010b software. Experimental results prove that the proposed method is capable of yielding higher quality solution including mathematical simplicity, fast convergence, diversity maintenance, robustness and scalability for the complex ELD-UC problem.
Profit based unit commitment for GENCOs using Parallel PSO in a distributed c...IDES Editor
In the deregulated electricity market, each
generating company has to maximize its own profit by
committing suitable generation schedule termed as profit
based unit commitment (PBUC). This article proposes a
Parallel Particle Swarm Optimization (PPSO) solution to the
PBUC problem. This method has better convergence
characteristics in obtaining optimum solution. The proposed
approach uses a cluster of computers performing parallel
operations in a distributed environment for obtaining the
PBUC solution. The time complexity and the solution quality
with respect to the number of processors in the cluster are
thoroughly tested. The method has been applied to 10 unit
system and the results show that the proposed PPSO in a
distributed cluster constantly outperforms the other methods
which are available in the literature.
Dynamic Economic Dispatch Assessment Using Particle Swarm Optimization TechniquejournalBEEI
This paper presents the application of particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique for solving the dynamic economic dispatch (DED) problem. The DED is one of the main functions in power system planning in order to obtain optimum power system operation and control. It determines the optimal operation of generating units at every predicted load demands over a certain period of time. The optimum operation of generating units is obtained by referring to the minimum total generation cost while the system is operating within its limits. The DED based PSO technique is tested on a 9-bus system containing of three generator bus, six load bus and twelve transmission lines.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Gravitational-Search Algorithm for Optimal Controllers Design of Doubly-fed I...IJECEIAES
Recently, the Gravitational-Search Algorithm (GSA) has been presented as a promising physics-inspired stochastic global optimization technique. It takes its derivation and features from laws of gravitation. This paper applies the GSA to design optimal controllers of a nonlinear system consisting of a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) driven by a wind turbine. Both the active and the reactive power are controlled and processed through a back-toback converter. The active power control loop consists of two cascaded proportional integral (PI) controllers. Another PI controller is used to set the q-component of the rotor voltage by compensating the generated reactive power. The GSA is used to simultaneously tune the parameters of the three PI controllers. A time-weighted absolute error (ITAE) is used in the objective function to stabilize the system and increase its damping when subjected to different disturbances. Simulation results will demonstrate that the optimal GSA-based coordinated controllers can efficiently damp system oscillations under severe disturbances. Moreover, simulation results will show that the designed optimal controllers obtained using the GSA perform better than the optimal controllers obtained using two commonly used global optimization techniques, which are the Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO).
Resource aware wind farm and D-STATCOM optimal sizing and placement in a dist...IJECEIAES
Doubly fed induction generators (DFIG) based wind farms are capable of providing reactive power compensation. Compensation capability enhancement using reactors such as distributed static synchronous compensator (D-STATCOM) while connecting distribution generation (DG) systems to grid is imperative. This paper presents an optimal placement and sizing of offshore wind farms in a coastal distribution system that is emulated on an IEEE 33 bus system. A multi-objective formulation for optimal placement and sizing of the offshore wind farms with both the location and size constraints is developed. Teaching learning algorithm is used to optimize the multi-objective function constraining on the capacity and location of the offshore wind farms. The proposed formulation is a multi-objective problem for placement of the wind generator in the power system with dynamic wind supply to the power system. The random wind speed is generated as the input and the wind farm output generated to perform the optimal sizing and placement in the distributed system. MATLAB based simulation developed is found to be efficient and robust.
Compromising between-eld-&-eed-using-gatool-matlabSubhankar Sau
Creating a compromising points between economic load dispatch & emission created from the plant to minimising those effects.
these are created by using MATLAB and GATOOL .
taking Weighted Sum Method,also Pareto optimal curve.
created by: SUBHANKAR SAU
HYDROTHERMAL COORDINATION FOR SHORT RANGE FIXED HEAD STATIONS USING FAST GENE...ecij
This paper presents a Fast genetic algorithm for solving Hydrothermal coordination (HTC) problem.
Genetic Algorithms (GAs) perform powerful global searches, but their long computation times, put a
limitation when solving large scale optimization problems. The present paper describes a Fast GA (FGA)
to overcome this limitation, by starting with random solutions within the search space and narrowing
down the search space by considering the minimum and maximum errors of the population members.
Since the search space is restricted to a small region within the available search space the algorithm
works very fast. This algorithm reduces the computational burden and number of generations to
converge. The proposed algorithm has been demonstrated for HTC of various combinations of Hydro
thermal systems. In all the cases Fast GA shows reliable convergence. The final results obtained using
Fast GA are compared with simple (conventional) GA and found to be encouraging.
Short term Multi Chain Hydrothermal Scheduling Using Modified Gravitational S...IJARTES
This paper proposes the modified Gravitational
search algorithm (GSA) to solve short term multi chain
hydrothermal scheduling problem while satisfying all
operational and physical constraints. The effect of the valve
point loading has been considered. Gravitational search
algorithm is based on the Newton’s law of gravitation. All
objects attract each other and global movement is towards
the heavier masses .However GSA has certain randomness
in search direction resulting in the weak local search ability.
In modified GSA, a time varying maximum velocity equation
is used which controls the exploration and improves the
convergence rate which strengthens its local search ability
and the quality of the hydrothermal solution.
Soft Computing Technique Based Enhancement of Transmission System Lodability ...IJERA Editor
Due to the growth of electricity demands and transactions in power markets, existing power networks need to be enhanced in order to increase their loadability. The problem of determining the best locations for network reinforcement can be formulated as a mixed discrete-continuous nonlinear optimization problem (MDCP). The complexity of the problem makes extensive simulations necessary and the computational requirement is high. This paper compares the effectiveness of Evolutionary Programming (EP) and an ordinal optimization (OO) technique is proposed in this paper to solve the MDCP involving two types of flexible ac transmission systems (FACTS) devices, namely static var compensator (SVC) and thyristor controlled series compensator (TCSC), for system loadability enhancement. In this approach, crude models are proposed to cope with the complexity of the problem and speed up the simulations with high alignment confidence. The test and Validation of the proposed algorithm are conducted on IEEE 14–bus system and 22-bus Indian system.Simulation results shows that the proposed models permit the use of OO-based approach for finding good enough solutions with less computational efforts.
Load shedding in power system using the AHP algorithm and Artificial Neural N...IJAEMSJORNAL
This paper proposes the load shedding method based on considering the load importance factor, primary frequency adjustment, secondary frequency adjustment and neuron network. Consideration the process of primary frequency control, secondary frequency control helps to reduce the amount of load shedding power and restore the system’s frequency to the permissible range. The amount of shedding power of each load bus is distributed based on the load importance factor. Neuron network is applied to distribute load shedding strategies in the power system at different load levels. The experimental and simulated results on the IEEE 37- bus system present the frequency can restore to allowed range and reduce the damage compared to the traditional load shedding method using under frequency relay- UFLS.
GWO-based estimation of input-output parameters of thermal power plantsTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The fuel cost curve of thermal generators was very important in the calculation of economic dispatch and optimal power flow. Temperature and aging could make changes to fuel cost curve so curve estimation need to be done periodically. The accuracy of the curve parameters estimation strongly affected the calculation of the dispatch. This paper aims to estimate the fuel cost curve parameters by using the grey wolf optimizer method. The problem of curve parameter estimation was made as an optimization problem. The objective function to be minimized was the total number of absolute error or the difference between the actual value and the estimated value of the fuel cost function. The estimated values of parameter that produce the smallest total absolute error were the values of final solution. The simulation results showed that parameter estimation using gray wolf optimizer method further minimized the value of objective function. By using three models of fuel cost curve and given test data, parameter estimation using grey wolf optimizer method produced the better estimation results than those estimation results obtained using least square error, particle swarm optimization, genetic algorithm, artificial bee colony and cuckoo search methods.
Security Constrained UCP with Operational and Power Flow ConstraintsIDES Editor
An algorithm to solve security constrained unit
commitment problem (UCP) with both operational and power
flow constraints (PFC) have been proposed to plan a secure
and economical hourly generation schedule. This proposed
algorithm introduces an efficient unit commitment (UC)
approach with PFC that obtains the minimum system
operating cost satisfying both unit and network constraints
when contingencies are included. In the proposed model
repeated optimal power flow for the satisfactory unit
combinations for every line removal under given study period
has been carried out to obtain UC solutions with both unit and
network constraints. The system load demand patterns have
been obtained for the test case systems taking into account of
the hourly load variations at the load buses by adding
Gaussian random noises. In this paper, the proposed
algorithm has been applied to obtain UC solutions for IEEE
30, 118 buses and Indian utility practical systems scheduled
for 24 hours. The algorithm and simulation are carried
through Matlab software and the results obtained are quite
encouraging.
Optimal Unit Commitment Based on Economic Dispatch Using Improved Particle Sw...paperpublications3
Abstract: In this paper, an algorithm to solve the optimal unit commitment problem under deregulated environment has been proposed using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) intelligent technique accounting economic dispatch constraints. In the present electric power market, where renewable energy power plants have been included in the system, there is a lot of unpredictability in the demand and generation. This paper presents an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm (IPSO) for power system unit commitment with the consideration of various constraints. IPSO is an extension of the standard particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO) which uses more particles information to control the mutation operation, and is similar to the social society in that a group of leaders could make better decisions. The program was developed in MATLAB and the proposed method implemented on IEEE 14 bus test system.
An Improved Particle Swarm Optimization for Proficient Solving of Unit Commit...IDES Editor
This paper presents a new approach to solving the
short-term unit commitment problem using an improved
Particle Swarm Optimization (IPSO). The objective of this
paper is to find the generation scheduling such that the total
operating cost can be minimized, when subjected to a variety
of constraints. This also means that it is desirable to find the
optimal generating unit commitment in the power system for
the next H hours. PSO, which happens to be a Global
Optimization technique for solving Unit Commitment
Problem, operates on a system, which is designed to encode
each unit’s operating schedule with regard to its minimum
up/down time. In this, the unit commitment schedule is coded
as a string of symbols. An initial population of parent
solutions is generated at random. Here, each schedule is
formed by committing all the units according to their initial
status (“flat start”). Here the parents are obtained from a predefined
set of solution’s i.e. each and every solution is adjusted
to meet the requirements. Then, a random decommitment is
carried out with respect to the unit’s minimum down times. A
thermal Power System in India demonstrates the effectiveness
of the proposed approach; extensive studies have also been
performed for different power systems consist of 10, 26, 34
generating units. Numerical results are shown comparing the
cost solutions and computation time obtained by using the
IPSO and other conventional methods like Dynamic
Programming (DP), Legrangian Relaxation (LR) in reaching
proper unit commitment.
Metaheuristics-based Optimal Reactive Power Management in Offshore Wind Farms...Aimilia-Myrsini Theologi
The aim of the thesis is to optimally coordinate the reactive power sources in offshore wind farms in a predictive manner based to the principle of minimizing the wind farm power losses, as well the variations of the transformers tap positions. First, an accurate Neural Network-based wind speed forecasting algorithm was developed in order to counteract the uncertainty of the wind and finally, the optimal management of the available reactive sources is tackled by a metaheuristics-based method. Two different cases were investigated: a far-offshore wind farm with HVDC interconnection link and the AC connected Dutch wind farm BORSSELE.
Reliability Constrained Unit Commitment Considering the Effect of DG and DR P...IJECEIAES
Due to increase in energy prices at peak periods and increase in fuel cost, involving Distributed Generation (DG) and consumption management by Demand Response (DR) will be unavoidable options for optimal system operations. Also, with high penetration of DGs and DR programs into power system operation, the reliability criterion is taken into account as one of the most important concerns of system operators in management of power system. In this paper, a Reliability Constrained Unit Commitment (RCUC) at presence of time-based DR program and DGs integrated with conventional units is proposed and executed to reach a reliable and economic operation. Designated cost function has been minimized considering reliability constraint in prevailing UC formulation. The UC scheduling is accomplished in short-term so that the reliability is maintained in acceptable level. Because of complex nature of RCUC problem and full AC load flow constraints, the hybrid algorithm included Simulated Annealing (SA) and Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (BPSO) has been proposed to optimize the problem. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method and considerable efficacy of the time-based DR program in reducing operational costs by implementing it on IEEE-RTS79.
Optimum Location of DG Units Considering Operation ConditionsEditor IJCATR
The optimal sizing and placement of Distributed Generation units (DG) are becoming very attractive to researchers these days. In this paper a two stage approach has been used for allocation and sizing of DGs in distribution system with time varying load model. The strategic placement of DGs can help in reducing energy losses and improving voltage profile. The proposed work discusses time varying loads that can be useful for selecting the location and optimizing DG operation. The method has the potential to be used for integrating the available DGs by identifying the best locations in a power system. The proposed method has been demonstrated on 9-bus test system.
Gravitational-Search Algorithm for Optimal Controllers Design of Doubly-fed I...IJECEIAES
Recently, the Gravitational-Search Algorithm (GSA) has been presented as a promising physics-inspired stochastic global optimization technique. It takes its derivation and features from laws of gravitation. This paper applies the GSA to design optimal controllers of a nonlinear system consisting of a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) driven by a wind turbine. Both the active and the reactive power are controlled and processed through a back-toback converter. The active power control loop consists of two cascaded proportional integral (PI) controllers. Another PI controller is used to set the q-component of the rotor voltage by compensating the generated reactive power. The GSA is used to simultaneously tune the parameters of the three PI controllers. A time-weighted absolute error (ITAE) is used in the objective function to stabilize the system and increase its damping when subjected to different disturbances. Simulation results will demonstrate that the optimal GSA-based coordinated controllers can efficiently damp system oscillations under severe disturbances. Moreover, simulation results will show that the designed optimal controllers obtained using the GSA perform better than the optimal controllers obtained using two commonly used global optimization techniques, which are the Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO).
Resource aware wind farm and D-STATCOM optimal sizing and placement in a dist...IJECEIAES
Doubly fed induction generators (DFIG) based wind farms are capable of providing reactive power compensation. Compensation capability enhancement using reactors such as distributed static synchronous compensator (D-STATCOM) while connecting distribution generation (DG) systems to grid is imperative. This paper presents an optimal placement and sizing of offshore wind farms in a coastal distribution system that is emulated on an IEEE 33 bus system. A multi-objective formulation for optimal placement and sizing of the offshore wind farms with both the location and size constraints is developed. Teaching learning algorithm is used to optimize the multi-objective function constraining on the capacity and location of the offshore wind farms. The proposed formulation is a multi-objective problem for placement of the wind generator in the power system with dynamic wind supply to the power system. The random wind speed is generated as the input and the wind farm output generated to perform the optimal sizing and placement in the distributed system. MATLAB based simulation developed is found to be efficient and robust.
Compromising between-eld-&-eed-using-gatool-matlabSubhankar Sau
Creating a compromising points between economic load dispatch & emission created from the plant to minimising those effects.
these are created by using MATLAB and GATOOL .
taking Weighted Sum Method,also Pareto optimal curve.
created by: SUBHANKAR SAU
HYDROTHERMAL COORDINATION FOR SHORT RANGE FIXED HEAD STATIONS USING FAST GENE...ecij
This paper presents a Fast genetic algorithm for solving Hydrothermal coordination (HTC) problem.
Genetic Algorithms (GAs) perform powerful global searches, but their long computation times, put a
limitation when solving large scale optimization problems. The present paper describes a Fast GA (FGA)
to overcome this limitation, by starting with random solutions within the search space and narrowing
down the search space by considering the minimum and maximum errors of the population members.
Since the search space is restricted to a small region within the available search space the algorithm
works very fast. This algorithm reduces the computational burden and number of generations to
converge. The proposed algorithm has been demonstrated for HTC of various combinations of Hydro
thermal systems. In all the cases Fast GA shows reliable convergence. The final results obtained using
Fast GA are compared with simple (conventional) GA and found to be encouraging.
Short term Multi Chain Hydrothermal Scheduling Using Modified Gravitational S...IJARTES
This paper proposes the modified Gravitational
search algorithm (GSA) to solve short term multi chain
hydrothermal scheduling problem while satisfying all
operational and physical constraints. The effect of the valve
point loading has been considered. Gravitational search
algorithm is based on the Newton’s law of gravitation. All
objects attract each other and global movement is towards
the heavier masses .However GSA has certain randomness
in search direction resulting in the weak local search ability.
In modified GSA, a time varying maximum velocity equation
is used which controls the exploration and improves the
convergence rate which strengthens its local search ability
and the quality of the hydrothermal solution.
Soft Computing Technique Based Enhancement of Transmission System Lodability ...IJERA Editor
Due to the growth of electricity demands and transactions in power markets, existing power networks need to be enhanced in order to increase their loadability. The problem of determining the best locations for network reinforcement can be formulated as a mixed discrete-continuous nonlinear optimization problem (MDCP). The complexity of the problem makes extensive simulations necessary and the computational requirement is high. This paper compares the effectiveness of Evolutionary Programming (EP) and an ordinal optimization (OO) technique is proposed in this paper to solve the MDCP involving two types of flexible ac transmission systems (FACTS) devices, namely static var compensator (SVC) and thyristor controlled series compensator (TCSC), for system loadability enhancement. In this approach, crude models are proposed to cope with the complexity of the problem and speed up the simulations with high alignment confidence. The test and Validation of the proposed algorithm are conducted on IEEE 14–bus system and 22-bus Indian system.Simulation results shows that the proposed models permit the use of OO-based approach for finding good enough solutions with less computational efforts.
Load shedding in power system using the AHP algorithm and Artificial Neural N...IJAEMSJORNAL
This paper proposes the load shedding method based on considering the load importance factor, primary frequency adjustment, secondary frequency adjustment and neuron network. Consideration the process of primary frequency control, secondary frequency control helps to reduce the amount of load shedding power and restore the system’s frequency to the permissible range. The amount of shedding power of each load bus is distributed based on the load importance factor. Neuron network is applied to distribute load shedding strategies in the power system at different load levels. The experimental and simulated results on the IEEE 37- bus system present the frequency can restore to allowed range and reduce the damage compared to the traditional load shedding method using under frequency relay- UFLS.
GWO-based estimation of input-output parameters of thermal power plantsTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The fuel cost curve of thermal generators was very important in the calculation of economic dispatch and optimal power flow. Temperature and aging could make changes to fuel cost curve so curve estimation need to be done periodically. The accuracy of the curve parameters estimation strongly affected the calculation of the dispatch. This paper aims to estimate the fuel cost curve parameters by using the grey wolf optimizer method. The problem of curve parameter estimation was made as an optimization problem. The objective function to be minimized was the total number of absolute error or the difference between the actual value and the estimated value of the fuel cost function. The estimated values of parameter that produce the smallest total absolute error were the values of final solution. The simulation results showed that parameter estimation using gray wolf optimizer method further minimized the value of objective function. By using three models of fuel cost curve and given test data, parameter estimation using grey wolf optimizer method produced the better estimation results than those estimation results obtained using least square error, particle swarm optimization, genetic algorithm, artificial bee colony and cuckoo search methods.
Security Constrained UCP with Operational and Power Flow ConstraintsIDES Editor
An algorithm to solve security constrained unit
commitment problem (UCP) with both operational and power
flow constraints (PFC) have been proposed to plan a secure
and economical hourly generation schedule. This proposed
algorithm introduces an efficient unit commitment (UC)
approach with PFC that obtains the minimum system
operating cost satisfying both unit and network constraints
when contingencies are included. In the proposed model
repeated optimal power flow for the satisfactory unit
combinations for every line removal under given study period
has been carried out to obtain UC solutions with both unit and
network constraints. The system load demand patterns have
been obtained for the test case systems taking into account of
the hourly load variations at the load buses by adding
Gaussian random noises. In this paper, the proposed
algorithm has been applied to obtain UC solutions for IEEE
30, 118 buses and Indian utility practical systems scheduled
for 24 hours. The algorithm and simulation are carried
through Matlab software and the results obtained are quite
encouraging.
Optimal Unit Commitment Based on Economic Dispatch Using Improved Particle Sw...paperpublications3
Abstract: In this paper, an algorithm to solve the optimal unit commitment problem under deregulated environment has been proposed using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) intelligent technique accounting economic dispatch constraints. In the present electric power market, where renewable energy power plants have been included in the system, there is a lot of unpredictability in the demand and generation. This paper presents an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm (IPSO) for power system unit commitment with the consideration of various constraints. IPSO is an extension of the standard particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO) which uses more particles information to control the mutation operation, and is similar to the social society in that a group of leaders could make better decisions. The program was developed in MATLAB and the proposed method implemented on IEEE 14 bus test system.
An Improved Particle Swarm Optimization for Proficient Solving of Unit Commit...IDES Editor
This paper presents a new approach to solving the
short-term unit commitment problem using an improved
Particle Swarm Optimization (IPSO). The objective of this
paper is to find the generation scheduling such that the total
operating cost can be minimized, when subjected to a variety
of constraints. This also means that it is desirable to find the
optimal generating unit commitment in the power system for
the next H hours. PSO, which happens to be a Global
Optimization technique for solving Unit Commitment
Problem, operates on a system, which is designed to encode
each unit’s operating schedule with regard to its minimum
up/down time. In this, the unit commitment schedule is coded
as a string of symbols. An initial population of parent
solutions is generated at random. Here, each schedule is
formed by committing all the units according to their initial
status (“flat start”). Here the parents are obtained from a predefined
set of solution’s i.e. each and every solution is adjusted
to meet the requirements. Then, a random decommitment is
carried out with respect to the unit’s minimum down times. A
thermal Power System in India demonstrates the effectiveness
of the proposed approach; extensive studies have also been
performed for different power systems consist of 10, 26, 34
generating units. Numerical results are shown comparing the
cost solutions and computation time obtained by using the
IPSO and other conventional methods like Dynamic
Programming (DP), Legrangian Relaxation (LR) in reaching
proper unit commitment.
Metaheuristics-based Optimal Reactive Power Management in Offshore Wind Farms...Aimilia-Myrsini Theologi
The aim of the thesis is to optimally coordinate the reactive power sources in offshore wind farms in a predictive manner based to the principle of minimizing the wind farm power losses, as well the variations of the transformers tap positions. First, an accurate Neural Network-based wind speed forecasting algorithm was developed in order to counteract the uncertainty of the wind and finally, the optimal management of the available reactive sources is tackled by a metaheuristics-based method. Two different cases were investigated: a far-offshore wind farm with HVDC interconnection link and the AC connected Dutch wind farm BORSSELE.
Reliability Constrained Unit Commitment Considering the Effect of DG and DR P...IJECEIAES
Due to increase in energy prices at peak periods and increase in fuel cost, involving Distributed Generation (DG) and consumption management by Demand Response (DR) will be unavoidable options for optimal system operations. Also, with high penetration of DGs and DR programs into power system operation, the reliability criterion is taken into account as one of the most important concerns of system operators in management of power system. In this paper, a Reliability Constrained Unit Commitment (RCUC) at presence of time-based DR program and DGs integrated with conventional units is proposed and executed to reach a reliable and economic operation. Designated cost function has been minimized considering reliability constraint in prevailing UC formulation. The UC scheduling is accomplished in short-term so that the reliability is maintained in acceptable level. Because of complex nature of RCUC problem and full AC load flow constraints, the hybrid algorithm included Simulated Annealing (SA) and Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (BPSO) has been proposed to optimize the problem. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method and considerable efficacy of the time-based DR program in reducing operational costs by implementing it on IEEE-RTS79.
Optimum Location of DG Units Considering Operation ConditionsEditor IJCATR
The optimal sizing and placement of Distributed Generation units (DG) are becoming very attractive to researchers these days. In this paper a two stage approach has been used for allocation and sizing of DGs in distribution system with time varying load model. The strategic placement of DGs can help in reducing energy losses and improving voltage profile. The proposed work discusses time varying loads that can be useful for selecting the location and optimizing DG operation. The method has the potential to be used for integrating the available DGs by identifying the best locations in a power system. The proposed method has been demonstrated on 9-bus test system.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
The optimal solution for unit commitment problem using binary hybrid grey wol...IJECEIAES
The aim of this work is to solve the unit commitment (UC) problem in power systems by calculating minimum production cost for the power generation and finding the best distribution of the generation among the units (units scheduling) using binary grey wolf optimizer based on particle swarm optimization (BGWOPSO) algorithm. The minimum production cost calculating is based on using the quadratic programming method and represents the global solution that must be arriving by the BGWOPSO algorithm then appearing units status (on or off). The suggested method was applied on “39 bus IEEE test systems”, the simulation results show the effectiveness of the suggested method over other algorithms in terms of minimizing of production cost and suggesting excellent scheduling of units.
A Review on Various Techniques Used for Economic Load Dispatch in Power Systemijtsrd
Electrical power plays a pivotal role in the modern world to satisfy various needs. It is therefore very important that the electrical power generated is transmitted and distributed efficiently in order to satisfy the power requirement. The Economic Load Dispatch ELD problem is the most significant problem of optimization in forecasting the generation amongst thermal generating units in power system. Pankaj Verma | Manish Prajapati "A Review on Various Techniques Used for Economic Load Dispatch in Power System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-3 , April 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49830.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/49830/a-review-on-various-techniques-used-for-economic-load-dispatch-in-power-system/pankaj-verma
Economic Load Dispatch for Multi-Generator Systems with Units Having Nonlinea...IJAPEJOURNAL
Economic Load Dispatch aims at distributing the load demand between various generation stations in a system such that the total cost of generation is minimum. This is of vital importance since it not only reduces the operation cost of the generation utility but also helps in conserving fast dwindling energy resources. Modern day power systems are large interconnected systems with a large number of generator units each having its own cost curve. Ideally the cost function of a unit is a quadratic function of the power generated by the unit and the cost curve obtained is a smooth parabola. But in practice cost curves deviate from the idealised one due the several reasons such as valve point effect, multi fuel operation, existence of forbidden zones etc. and as such may not be continuous or analytic. Also for a large interconnected system it becomes essential to consider the effect of transmission losses. Conventional numerical method based approaches work well with systems without losses but for large systems with losses obtaining convergence becomes difficult as the number of iterations required as well as the computational time are very high. These methods fail entirely if non ideal cost curves are considered. Hence soft computing based methods become essential. Here Gravity Search Algorithm(GSA) has been used to for finding economic load scheduling in a multi generator system, given a certain load demand, and taking into consideration the effects of practical constraints on the idealised load curve. The algorithms for finding the economic scheduling has been written in Matlab and has provided satisfactory results based on the given tolerance values. Also the traditional and soft computing based approaches have been compared to demonstrate the advantages of one over the other.
Solving combined economic emission dispatch problem in wind integrated power ...nooriasukmaningtyas
A meta-heuristic based optimization method for solving combined economic
emission dispatch (CEED) problem for the power system with thermal and
wind energy generating units is proposed in this paper. Wind energy is
environmentally friendly and abundantly available, but the intermittency and
variability of wind power affects the system operation. Therefore, the system
operator (SO) must aware of wind forecast uncertainty and dispatch the wind
power accordingly. Here, the CEED problem is solved by including the
nonlinear characteristics of thermal generators, and the stochastic behavior of
wind generators. The stochastic nature of wind generators is handled by
using probability distribution analysis. The purpose of this CEED problem is
to optimize fuel cost and emission levels simultaneously. The proposed
problem is changed into a single objective optimization problem by using
weighted sum approach. The proposed problem is solved by using particle
swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. The feasibility of proposed
methodology is demonstrated on six generator power system, and the
obtained results using the PSO approach are compared with results obtained
from genetic algorithm (GA) and enhanced genetic algorithms (EGA).
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Security Constraint Unit Commitment Considering Line and Unit Contingencies-p...IJAPEJOURNAL
This paper presents a new approach for considering all possible contingencies in short-term power system operation. Based on this new approach, both generator and transmission line outages would be modeled in network-based power system analysis. Multi generator and also parallel transmission lines is modeled in this methodology. We also investigate this claim that feasibility and applicability of this approach is much more than the previous analytical methodologies. Security Constrained Unit commitment (SCUC) program which is carried out by Independent System Operator (ISO), is one of the complex problems which would be handled by this approach. In this paper, a DC-Optimal Power Flow (DCOPF) methodology has been implemented by particle swarm optimization technique. The Lagrangian Relaxation technique is based on the derivatives and the PSO is a non- derivative technique. These approaches are effective tools which can be implemented for short-term and long-term power system analysis, especially for economic analysis of restructured power systems. The DCOPF methodology has been considered for LMP calculation in LR, which is not available in PSO techniques. In the other hand, PSO technique may be able to provide the optimal solution, where LR usually getting stuck at a local optimum in a large scale power system. The simulation results show that the presented methods are both satisfactory and consistent with expectation.
Similar to IRJET- Optimal Generation Scheduling for Thermal Units (20)
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines