This document discusses occupational health and safety issues in the cement industry. It begins by outlining some of the main health hazards workers face, such as exposure to dust, gases, and fumes which can cause respiratory and other diseases over time. It then describes the results of a study conducted on 100 cement industry workers which found high rates of respiratory symptoms and acute ventilatory effects from dust exposure. The document concludes that controlling dust levels and providing proper safety equipment like masks are needed to protect worker health.
A Risk Assessment Study on Occupational Hazards in Cement IndustryIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a risk assessment study of occupational hazards in the cement industry. It identifies major hazards like fires, toxic gas releases, explosions, and corrosion. It examines a cement plant in India, studying physical health issues, noise exposure, and ergonomic risks to workers. Guidelines are provided to management on controlling health problems and improving workplace safety, such as monitoring hazards, providing protective equipment, training workers, and engineering controls to reduce risks.
The cement production process involves several hazards at each stage from quarrying to storage that can cause injuries or health issues to workers. Safety countermeasures include proper personal protective equipment, isolating energy sources, controlling dust levels, monitoring noise exposure, and having emergency response plans in place. The document outlines the key hazards at each stage of cement production and the safety practices needed to minimize risks to workers.
This document summarizes various construction accidents involving concrete and masonry work from 2013-2016. It describes incidents such as cement mixer accidents killing workers, scaffolding and formwork collapses during concrete pours, and wall collapses due to lack of bracing. It also outlines OSHA regulations regarding formwork design, shoring inspection, limited access zones during masonry construction, and mandatory bracing of masonry walls over 8 feet.
Construction workers face a variety of health hazards from their work including chemical, physical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial hazards. Chemical hazards include exposure to dusts, fumes, fibers, liquids and gases from materials like asbestos, silica, welding fumes, lead and solvents. Long term exposure can cause illnesses like cancer, silicosis and damage major organs. Employers must implement health and safety programs including hazard assessments, training, labels and safety data sheets to prevent worker exposure and illness.
Hazards in Textile processing IndustriesDhruv Saxena
The document discusses various hazards present in textile processing industries. It identifies four main industrial hazards: fire, explosion, toxic release, and environmental damage. It then describes specific hazards from chemicals, dusts, and other exposures present in different textile operations like dyeing, bleaching, sizing, printing, and finishing. The document emphasizes the need for proper ventilation, bulk container redesign, work practices, personal protective equipment, and waste treatment to reduce worker exposures and environmental impacts from textile industry hazards.
This document provides information on scaffolding safety at construction sites. It defines scaffolding and describes the three main types: supported, suspended, and other scaffolds. Supported scaffolds are platforms supported by poles, legs, frames, and outriggers. Suspended scaffolds are platforms suspended by ropes or overhead support. The document outlines general objectives, hazards, and safety requirements for scaffolds. It provides details on inspection of scaffolding components and good and bad safety practices. The overall goal is to educate personnel on scaffolding safety to prevent accidents and injuries at construction sites.
The document discusses occupational safety and health (OSH) regulations in India. It outlines the objectives of OSH which include maintaining worker well-being and preventing health issues from working conditions. It also discusses that OSH aims to consider issues related to safety, medicine, hygiene, training, and psychology. Additionally, the document provides an overview of key provisions in India's Factories Act regarding cleanliness, waste disposal, ventilation, dust control, lighting, drinking water, sanitation, machinery safeguards, and work involving moving machinery.
This document provides an overview of asbestos, including what it is, how it can be dangerous, where it is commonly found, health effects of exposure, and regulations regarding its handling and removal. Asbestos is a mineral fiber that was widely used in building construction due to its heat and chemical resistance. It can become airborne and cause serious health issues if friable materials are disturbed. Proper training, protective equipment, monitoring, and regulated removal procedures are required when working with asbestos-containing materials.
A Risk Assessment Study on Occupational Hazards in Cement IndustryIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a risk assessment study of occupational hazards in the cement industry. It identifies major hazards like fires, toxic gas releases, explosions, and corrosion. It examines a cement plant in India, studying physical health issues, noise exposure, and ergonomic risks to workers. Guidelines are provided to management on controlling health problems and improving workplace safety, such as monitoring hazards, providing protective equipment, training workers, and engineering controls to reduce risks.
The cement production process involves several hazards at each stage from quarrying to storage that can cause injuries or health issues to workers. Safety countermeasures include proper personal protective equipment, isolating energy sources, controlling dust levels, monitoring noise exposure, and having emergency response plans in place. The document outlines the key hazards at each stage of cement production and the safety practices needed to minimize risks to workers.
This document summarizes various construction accidents involving concrete and masonry work from 2013-2016. It describes incidents such as cement mixer accidents killing workers, scaffolding and formwork collapses during concrete pours, and wall collapses due to lack of bracing. It also outlines OSHA regulations regarding formwork design, shoring inspection, limited access zones during masonry construction, and mandatory bracing of masonry walls over 8 feet.
Construction workers face a variety of health hazards from their work including chemical, physical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial hazards. Chemical hazards include exposure to dusts, fumes, fibers, liquids and gases from materials like asbestos, silica, welding fumes, lead and solvents. Long term exposure can cause illnesses like cancer, silicosis and damage major organs. Employers must implement health and safety programs including hazard assessments, training, labels and safety data sheets to prevent worker exposure and illness.
Hazards in Textile processing IndustriesDhruv Saxena
The document discusses various hazards present in textile processing industries. It identifies four main industrial hazards: fire, explosion, toxic release, and environmental damage. It then describes specific hazards from chemicals, dusts, and other exposures present in different textile operations like dyeing, bleaching, sizing, printing, and finishing. The document emphasizes the need for proper ventilation, bulk container redesign, work practices, personal protective equipment, and waste treatment to reduce worker exposures and environmental impacts from textile industry hazards.
This document provides information on scaffolding safety at construction sites. It defines scaffolding and describes the three main types: supported, suspended, and other scaffolds. Supported scaffolds are platforms supported by poles, legs, frames, and outriggers. Suspended scaffolds are platforms suspended by ropes or overhead support. The document outlines general objectives, hazards, and safety requirements for scaffolds. It provides details on inspection of scaffolding components and good and bad safety practices. The overall goal is to educate personnel on scaffolding safety to prevent accidents and injuries at construction sites.
The document discusses occupational safety and health (OSH) regulations in India. It outlines the objectives of OSH which include maintaining worker well-being and preventing health issues from working conditions. It also discusses that OSH aims to consider issues related to safety, medicine, hygiene, training, and psychology. Additionally, the document provides an overview of key provisions in India's Factories Act regarding cleanliness, waste disposal, ventilation, dust control, lighting, drinking water, sanitation, machinery safeguards, and work involving moving machinery.
This document provides an overview of asbestos, including what it is, how it can be dangerous, where it is commonly found, health effects of exposure, and regulations regarding its handling and removal. Asbestos is a mineral fiber that was widely used in building construction due to its heat and chemical resistance. It can become airborne and cause serious health issues if friable materials are disturbed. Proper training, protective equipment, monitoring, and regulated removal procedures are required when working with asbestos-containing materials.
1) The construction industry has one of the highest rates of work-related injuries, though numbers have fallen in recent decades due to improved safety standards. Project managers are legally responsible for ensuring workplace health and safety compliance.
2) A comprehensive health and safety program includes policies, objectives, training, inspections, incident reporting, emergency procedures and medical support. It also requires management and employee participation through joint safety committees.
3) A case study from Singapore described a fatal scaffolding accident caused by permit to work failures, lack of safety equipment and supervision. Proper training, safe equipment, safety programs and inspections could have prevented it.
The document discusses various workplace hazards grouped into four categories: chemical, physical, ergonomic, and biological. It provides examples and details of common hazards within each category. The goal of industrial hygiene is to anticipate hazards, recognize their effects, evaluate exposures, and implement controls to protect worker safety and well-being. The document emphasizes that occupiers have a responsibility to be aware of hazards, design safer systems, and encourage proper safety procedures through good management.
This presentation gives a detailed and in-depth overview of health and safety in construction industry by putting a special focus on the chemical and biological categories of hazards in the construction industry.
Ergonomics is the science of designing equipment and tasks to fit human capabilities. The document discusses the history and definition of ergonomics, provides examples of ergonomic standards and applications, and concludes with questions about ergonomics in the workplace and daily life. Standards aim to ensure safety and comfort, and are applied in areas like offices, vehicles, medicine, and manufacturing. Examples demonstrate ergonomic considerations for preventing injuries from repetitive tasks like those involved in using computers.
This document summarizes a presentation on environmental, health, and safety considerations for the cement industry. It discusses how cement production has increased significantly in India to support development. However, cement manufacturing also produces substantial air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. The document outlines the key industrial processes, environmental impacts including air and water pollution, and strategies to reduce pollution and improve sustainability of the cement industry.
This document discusses various issues related to environment, health, and safety management. It covers topics like process safety, occupational health, safety management, hazards identification, risk assessment, safety standards and regulations, accident analysis, safety training, and benefits of occupational health and safety management systems. The key aspects of developing a proactive safety culture in organizations are also highlighted.
This document discusses occupational exposure to industrial dust, including an estimated 9.2 million workers exposed in the UK. Dust exposure can occur through handling powders, cutting materials, and disturbing settled dust. Health effects include respiratory diseases, irritation, fibrosis, COPD, asthma, and lung cancer. Evaluating risks involves initial and detailed surveys. Studies on brick making and stone cutting found many workers exposed to respirable crystalline silica above recommended limits. Risk of silicosis increases significantly with exposure levels over 15 years. Controlling dust involves prevention through engineering solutions, work practices like wet cutting, PPE, and measures like exposure time reduction, supervision, training and health surveillance.
http://sandblaster-parts.com/?gclid=CNSIx_2P-cQCFQSUfgodjxIAWA | Safety is critical in any field, but especially a key factor of importance for sandblasting jobs. Our presentations will teach you how to protect yourself from harm on the job.
Cement has been used for so many years around the world as a staple of engineering,construction and all-around building projects, but so little has been taught about the potential hazards that are hidden within this seemingly simple and innocent compound.
Cement rash and cement burns are among the most common causes of accidents or injuries having to do with cement. To learn more about cement safety please read this informative article: https://www.realsafety.org/2014/08/cement-safety-guidelines-for-protecting-your-skin/ .
This quick study on those dangers can help you more quickly detect, recognize and avoid them fairly easily with just a small bit of knowledge on how cement works and what the underlying reason for the injuries is.
Creative Safety Supply offers many of the PPE elements required to to work safely with cement and we encourage you to visit our website to see for yourself that quality, price and, most importantly, your safety, are top priority for us: http://www.creativesafetysupply.com
The document outlines health and safety training on the Safety, Health and Welfare at Work Act 2005. It discusses the act's requirements for employers including managing work activities safely, designing a safe workplace, and preventing risks. A 5-step process for a safer workplace is described: 1) identify hazards, 2) assess risks, 3) select controls, 4) write a safety statement, and 5) record and review. Key terms like hazards, risk assessment, control measures, and duties of employers, workers and others are defined.
The textile industry work environment poses several health hazards and risks to workers. Workers are exposed to high noise levels, dust, and heat. They use many chemicals in fabric processing that can cause respiratory issues if inhaled. Physical hazards include repetitive motions that can cause musculoskeletal disorders. Ergonomic issues like prolonged sitting and poor machine arrangements also put workers at risk of injuries. Control measures for these hazards include noise reduction techniques, local exhaust ventilation, protective equipment, job rotation, and adjustable workstations.
The document discusses the 3 elements of industrial hygiene: recognition, evaluation, and control of occupational health hazards. It describes the process of recognizing hazards through workplace inspections, evaluating exposures through measurements and comparisons to standards, and controlling hazards through engineering controls, substitution, administrative controls, work practices, and personal protective equipment if needed. The goal is to reduce worker exposures to safe levels through this systematic process.
This document discusses personal protective equipment requirements in the construction industry. It covers general provisions, hazard assessment processes, basic hazard categories and sources, and OSHA standards for various types of PPE including head, eye, face, foot, hearing, respiratory, safety belts and nets. Employers must conduct hazard assessments, ensure adequacy of PPE, provide training to employees, and maintain documentation. PPE like hard hats and safety glasses must meet applicable ANSI standards to provide appropriate protection from workplace hazards.
Welding and cutting procedures require extensive safety precautions due to numerous hazards such as compressed gases, electricity, fumes, radiation, fire and explosions. Proper training of workers, control of hazardous conditions, and housekeeping are critical to prevent injuries. Specific safety procedures outlined include proper handling and storage of compressed gas cylinders, use of protective equipment for eyes, skin, respiratory and hearing protection, ventilation, avoiding electrical shock, and fire precautions.
The document discusses safe lifting operations and the use of lifting equipment. It emphasizes that lifting operations can be hazardous if not properly planned and carried out, and that safety depends on suitable equipment, training, thorough planning, and compliance with safe work procedures. The document provides examples of lifting equipment and outlines requirements for marking equipment, planning lifts, supervision, inspection frequency, and carrying out lifts safely.
The tyre industry is a sub-industry of the automotive industry. It produces tyres for automobiles such as cars, trucks, buses, and more. The industry has been growing at a steady rate, but faced challenges from demonetization and increased Chinese imports. Major companies in the industry are investing heavily in new plants and technology to increase market share and explore new areas. The future outlook remains positive as automobile production and sales are expected to continue growing in India and globally.
A step by-step guide to the sandblasting processJack Smith
http://sandblaster-parts.com/product-information?news_id=91 | Scrap the sandpaper and opt for the quick and efficient process of sandblasting. Read this comprehensive step-by-step guide to the sand blast process. Find tips and advice on how to perform efficient sandblasting.
This document outlines the itinerary and content for a scaffolding awareness training course. The course covers introduction and aims, types of scaffolding, component identification, inspection procedures, reasons for collapses, and legislation regarding scaffolding safety. Key topics include health and safety regulations, pre-erection checks, erecting, altering, and dismantling scaffolding safely. The goal is for participants to understand their legal responsibilities for inspecting scaffolding before each use.
This document provides information on scaffold safety training. It aims to improve participants' skills in scaffolding safety requirements and transfer technical knowledge about scaffolding safety practices. The objectives are to make participants familiar with international scaffolding standards, scaffold components, hazards of erecting and dismantling scaffolds, and roles and responsibilities of scaffold supervisors. It also discusses common causes of scaffolding disasters and accidents, as well as personal protective equipment requirements.
This document provides an overview of occupational health and safety (OHS) topics including:
1. Definitions of OHS, its objectives, and benefits. Common workplace hazards like noise, chemicals, and ergonomic issues are discussed.
2. Training requirements for topics like fire safety, material handling, working at heights, and forklift operation.
3. The importance of OHS worldwide in terms of lives lost and economic costs from work-related injuries and illnesses each year.
4. Specific workplace hazards are explored in more depth like machines, confined spaces, temperature extremes, and electricity. Control strategies for mitigating risks are also addressed.
This document summarizes a study on implementing a safety management system in the cement industry. It discusses the various hazards workers face in cement production, including exposure to dust, chemicals, heat and machinery. The study evaluates safety performance at cement plants through safety audits, hazard identification and corrective measures. Major hazards identified include high dust levels in limestone yards and crushers, uneven yards causing truck instability, lack of protective equipment, unguarded machinery and repetitive motions leading to injuries. The study aims to improve safety by controlling dust, repairing infrastructure, providing training and personal protective equipment to protect workers from hazards in cement production.
The document discusses the health risks of construction dust, which can cause serious issues such as cancer, silicosis, and COPD. Construction workers are at high risk of exposure due to the dust generated in their work. Small respirable dust particles that penetrate deep into the lungs pose the greatest threat. While over 40% of workers are aware of risks, many underestimate the true health consequences. The HSE found unacceptable safety conditions and practices at nearly half of construction sites inspected. A variety of dust control methods should be implemented to protect worker health.
1) The construction industry has one of the highest rates of work-related injuries, though numbers have fallen in recent decades due to improved safety standards. Project managers are legally responsible for ensuring workplace health and safety compliance.
2) A comprehensive health and safety program includes policies, objectives, training, inspections, incident reporting, emergency procedures and medical support. It also requires management and employee participation through joint safety committees.
3) A case study from Singapore described a fatal scaffolding accident caused by permit to work failures, lack of safety equipment and supervision. Proper training, safe equipment, safety programs and inspections could have prevented it.
The document discusses various workplace hazards grouped into four categories: chemical, physical, ergonomic, and biological. It provides examples and details of common hazards within each category. The goal of industrial hygiene is to anticipate hazards, recognize their effects, evaluate exposures, and implement controls to protect worker safety and well-being. The document emphasizes that occupiers have a responsibility to be aware of hazards, design safer systems, and encourage proper safety procedures through good management.
This presentation gives a detailed and in-depth overview of health and safety in construction industry by putting a special focus on the chemical and biological categories of hazards in the construction industry.
Ergonomics is the science of designing equipment and tasks to fit human capabilities. The document discusses the history and definition of ergonomics, provides examples of ergonomic standards and applications, and concludes with questions about ergonomics in the workplace and daily life. Standards aim to ensure safety and comfort, and are applied in areas like offices, vehicles, medicine, and manufacturing. Examples demonstrate ergonomic considerations for preventing injuries from repetitive tasks like those involved in using computers.
This document summarizes a presentation on environmental, health, and safety considerations for the cement industry. It discusses how cement production has increased significantly in India to support development. However, cement manufacturing also produces substantial air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. The document outlines the key industrial processes, environmental impacts including air and water pollution, and strategies to reduce pollution and improve sustainability of the cement industry.
This document discusses various issues related to environment, health, and safety management. It covers topics like process safety, occupational health, safety management, hazards identification, risk assessment, safety standards and regulations, accident analysis, safety training, and benefits of occupational health and safety management systems. The key aspects of developing a proactive safety culture in organizations are also highlighted.
This document discusses occupational exposure to industrial dust, including an estimated 9.2 million workers exposed in the UK. Dust exposure can occur through handling powders, cutting materials, and disturbing settled dust. Health effects include respiratory diseases, irritation, fibrosis, COPD, asthma, and lung cancer. Evaluating risks involves initial and detailed surveys. Studies on brick making and stone cutting found many workers exposed to respirable crystalline silica above recommended limits. Risk of silicosis increases significantly with exposure levels over 15 years. Controlling dust involves prevention through engineering solutions, work practices like wet cutting, PPE, and measures like exposure time reduction, supervision, training and health surveillance.
http://sandblaster-parts.com/?gclid=CNSIx_2P-cQCFQSUfgodjxIAWA | Safety is critical in any field, but especially a key factor of importance for sandblasting jobs. Our presentations will teach you how to protect yourself from harm on the job.
Cement has been used for so many years around the world as a staple of engineering,construction and all-around building projects, but so little has been taught about the potential hazards that are hidden within this seemingly simple and innocent compound.
Cement rash and cement burns are among the most common causes of accidents or injuries having to do with cement. To learn more about cement safety please read this informative article: https://www.realsafety.org/2014/08/cement-safety-guidelines-for-protecting-your-skin/ .
This quick study on those dangers can help you more quickly detect, recognize and avoid them fairly easily with just a small bit of knowledge on how cement works and what the underlying reason for the injuries is.
Creative Safety Supply offers many of the PPE elements required to to work safely with cement and we encourage you to visit our website to see for yourself that quality, price and, most importantly, your safety, are top priority for us: http://www.creativesafetysupply.com
The document outlines health and safety training on the Safety, Health and Welfare at Work Act 2005. It discusses the act's requirements for employers including managing work activities safely, designing a safe workplace, and preventing risks. A 5-step process for a safer workplace is described: 1) identify hazards, 2) assess risks, 3) select controls, 4) write a safety statement, and 5) record and review. Key terms like hazards, risk assessment, control measures, and duties of employers, workers and others are defined.
The textile industry work environment poses several health hazards and risks to workers. Workers are exposed to high noise levels, dust, and heat. They use many chemicals in fabric processing that can cause respiratory issues if inhaled. Physical hazards include repetitive motions that can cause musculoskeletal disorders. Ergonomic issues like prolonged sitting and poor machine arrangements also put workers at risk of injuries. Control measures for these hazards include noise reduction techniques, local exhaust ventilation, protective equipment, job rotation, and adjustable workstations.
The document discusses the 3 elements of industrial hygiene: recognition, evaluation, and control of occupational health hazards. It describes the process of recognizing hazards through workplace inspections, evaluating exposures through measurements and comparisons to standards, and controlling hazards through engineering controls, substitution, administrative controls, work practices, and personal protective equipment if needed. The goal is to reduce worker exposures to safe levels through this systematic process.
This document discusses personal protective equipment requirements in the construction industry. It covers general provisions, hazard assessment processes, basic hazard categories and sources, and OSHA standards for various types of PPE including head, eye, face, foot, hearing, respiratory, safety belts and nets. Employers must conduct hazard assessments, ensure adequacy of PPE, provide training to employees, and maintain documentation. PPE like hard hats and safety glasses must meet applicable ANSI standards to provide appropriate protection from workplace hazards.
Welding and cutting procedures require extensive safety precautions due to numerous hazards such as compressed gases, electricity, fumes, radiation, fire and explosions. Proper training of workers, control of hazardous conditions, and housekeeping are critical to prevent injuries. Specific safety procedures outlined include proper handling and storage of compressed gas cylinders, use of protective equipment for eyes, skin, respiratory and hearing protection, ventilation, avoiding electrical shock, and fire precautions.
The document discusses safe lifting operations and the use of lifting equipment. It emphasizes that lifting operations can be hazardous if not properly planned and carried out, and that safety depends on suitable equipment, training, thorough planning, and compliance with safe work procedures. The document provides examples of lifting equipment and outlines requirements for marking equipment, planning lifts, supervision, inspection frequency, and carrying out lifts safely.
The tyre industry is a sub-industry of the automotive industry. It produces tyres for automobiles such as cars, trucks, buses, and more. The industry has been growing at a steady rate, but faced challenges from demonetization and increased Chinese imports. Major companies in the industry are investing heavily in new plants and technology to increase market share and explore new areas. The future outlook remains positive as automobile production and sales are expected to continue growing in India and globally.
A step by-step guide to the sandblasting processJack Smith
http://sandblaster-parts.com/product-information?news_id=91 | Scrap the sandpaper and opt for the quick and efficient process of sandblasting. Read this comprehensive step-by-step guide to the sand blast process. Find tips and advice on how to perform efficient sandblasting.
This document outlines the itinerary and content for a scaffolding awareness training course. The course covers introduction and aims, types of scaffolding, component identification, inspection procedures, reasons for collapses, and legislation regarding scaffolding safety. Key topics include health and safety regulations, pre-erection checks, erecting, altering, and dismantling scaffolding safely. The goal is for participants to understand their legal responsibilities for inspecting scaffolding before each use.
This document provides information on scaffold safety training. It aims to improve participants' skills in scaffolding safety requirements and transfer technical knowledge about scaffolding safety practices. The objectives are to make participants familiar with international scaffolding standards, scaffold components, hazards of erecting and dismantling scaffolds, and roles and responsibilities of scaffold supervisors. It also discusses common causes of scaffolding disasters and accidents, as well as personal protective equipment requirements.
This document provides an overview of occupational health and safety (OHS) topics including:
1. Definitions of OHS, its objectives, and benefits. Common workplace hazards like noise, chemicals, and ergonomic issues are discussed.
2. Training requirements for topics like fire safety, material handling, working at heights, and forklift operation.
3. The importance of OHS worldwide in terms of lives lost and economic costs from work-related injuries and illnesses each year.
4. Specific workplace hazards are explored in more depth like machines, confined spaces, temperature extremes, and electricity. Control strategies for mitigating risks are also addressed.
This document summarizes a study on implementing a safety management system in the cement industry. It discusses the various hazards workers face in cement production, including exposure to dust, chemicals, heat and machinery. The study evaluates safety performance at cement plants through safety audits, hazard identification and corrective measures. Major hazards identified include high dust levels in limestone yards and crushers, uneven yards causing truck instability, lack of protective equipment, unguarded machinery and repetitive motions leading to injuries. The study aims to improve safety by controlling dust, repairing infrastructure, providing training and personal protective equipment to protect workers from hazards in cement production.
The document discusses the health risks of construction dust, which can cause serious issues such as cancer, silicosis, and COPD. Construction workers are at high risk of exposure due to the dust generated in their work. Small respirable dust particles that penetrate deep into the lungs pose the greatest threat. While over 40% of workers are aware of risks, many underestimate the true health consequences. The HSE found unacceptable safety conditions and practices at nearly half of construction sites inspected. A variety of dust control methods should be implemented to protect worker health.
A Review of Health Risk on Construction SiteIRJET Journal
This document reviews health risks faced by workers on construction sites in India. It discusses several common health issues:
- Respiratory diseases like asthma and silicosis due to inhaling dust and hazardous substances.
- Skin diseases from physical, biological, and chemical hazards. The most common is exposure to chemical substances.
- Musculoskeletal disorders like back pain from performing difficult physical labor.
- Noise-induced hearing loss and stress from working in dangerous conditions, long hours, and being responsible for others' safety.
The paper suggests preventative measures like training, protective equipment, medical checkups, and noise assessments to reduce these risks and protect worker health.
The document discusses occupational hazards in the oil and gas industry. It outlines several health risks workers may face, including infectious diseases, cancer due to chemical exposure like benzene, and accidents. It also summarizes findings from the Health Watch study in Australia which found cancer rates in petroleum workers were no higher than the general population and death rates from cancer and other diseases were lower. The document advocates for occupational risk management programs utilizing disciplines like ergonomics, health and safety to reduce injuries and increase productivity.
- Construction dust can cause serious lung diseases like cancer, COPD, silicosis and asthma. Over 50% of new cancer cases are in construction workers.
- Employers have a duty to prevent exposure to dust and adequately control health risks. Effective controls include eliminating dusty processes, using water suppression and local exhaust ventilation. Respiratory protective equipment is also needed for high risk tasks.
- The HSE is increasing enforcement of dust regulations through notices of contravention. They prioritize inspections involving asbestos, construction dust, respiratory risks and valley tile cutting. The Fee for Intervention scheme also charges fees for sites with material breaches.
The document provides an overview of the EICC Code of Conduct V5.1. It discusses the importance of the EICC to the global electronics supply chain due to stakeholder demands. It then describes the structure and requirements of the EICC Code, which includes sections on Labor, Health & Safety, Environment, Ethics, and Management Systems. The Code is designed to ensure fair treatment of workers, safe working conditions, environmental responsibility, and ethical business practices through a management system approach.
Basic Accident prevention and Occupational safety health ppt.pptxUGOCHUKWU8
The document discusses workplace safety and health. It begins by outlining the objectives of explaining accident prevention principles and promoting commitment to prevention. It then provides global and local data showing millions of work-related deaths and diseases annually. Examples of occupational hazards like chemicals, noise, ergonomic issues and accidents are described. Accident costs, including direct costs like damages and indirect costs like lost productivity, are reviewed. The principles of accident causation related to unsafe conditions and acts as well as management failure are explained. Examples of proposed improvements like proper equipment use, lighting, signage and first aid are suggested to promote safety.
TSI's Nick Brown looks at the impact on our neighbours and wider environment from air quality. Particularly looks at why monitoring of dust particles is important and the methods of monitoring.
Do you want to be a hero? Industrial hygienists do it everyday in the workplace. They protect workers from health hazards that include a variety of dust, mists, fumes, gases, and vapors by testing the atmosphere in which they breath and evaluate the exposure against standards and guidelines. They are interested in examining all of the potential toxins in the air, on building surfaces, those that can be ingested or a combination thereof. It's not an easy task. Industrial hygienist need to talk with many stakeholders in finance, engineering, human resources, public policy, medicine, law, etc. The idea is to identify the potential health hazards that may cause harm to workers, unsuspecting public, and the environment. Many of these hazards involve chemicals, biological and physical agents, radiological exposure, human factors and ergonomics, indoor air quality, toxicology and epidemiology, handling and storage, transportation, research and development, and many other considerations. So if you want to be a hero, contact your local section of the American Industrial Hygiene Association. They can provide the information that you will need for a career pathway from academia to senior business professional.
The document discusses routine maintenance checks that should be performed on a vehicle weekly. It describes how to check fluid levels such as engine oil, transmission fluid, brake fluid, coolant, power steering fluid, windshield washer fluid, and battery acid level. Basic safety checks are also outlined like inspecting lights, glass, seat belts, tires, and for leaks. The proper locations and procedures for performing each check are explained. A diagram labels parts of the car related to routine maintenance. Performing these minor weekly checks can help reduce breakdowns and save money on repairs.
This document discusses occupational health and safety. It defines occupational health as promoting workers' physical, mental, and social well-being. Occupational health hazards are classified as physical, chemical, biological, psychological, and mechanical. Examples of physical hazards include heat, cold, light, noise, vibration, and ultraviolet radiation. The document also discusses safety measures that can be taken, including medical examinations, engineering controls, and legislation. The role of nurses is to educate workers and protect them from occupational health hazards.
IRJET- Review on Occupational Health Diseases in the Textile IndustriesIRJET Journal
This document reviews occupational health diseases in the textile industry. It discusses several respiratory disorders that are common among textile workers due to exposure to cotton dust, including byssinosis, diffuse lung disease, chronic cough, breathing discomfort, and chronic bronchitis. The review also covers toxic liver disease due to chemical exposure and noise-induced hearing loss. Several studies cited found high rates of these diseases among textile workers compared to non-exposed individuals. Proper preventative measures and increased awareness of occupational hazards are needed to reduce health risks for workers in the textile industry.
This document discusses protecting worker health in various industries. It notes that while 39 workers fatally in construction in 2012/13, occupational exposures also lead to many non-fatal illnesses. Each year there are an estimated 31,000 new cases of work-related ill health in construction, 3,700 occupational cancer cases, and over 500 deaths from silica exposure alone. The broader picture shows approximately 13,000 occupational disease deaths annually in the UK. Various industries like stonemasonry, welding, painting, and recycling expose workers to hazardous substances that can cause cancer, respiratory disease, and other illnesses. The document advocates for prevention through engineering controls, safe work practices, protective equipment, and proper management of occupational health and safety programs.
Personal protective equipment (PPE) is designed to protect workers from workplace hazards and injuries. PPE should be compatible with international standards, fit the body properly, and be effective, comfortable and easy to use. Employers are responsible for providing appropriate PPE to workers and ensuring they receive training on proper use. Common types of PPE include protective clothing, helmets, ear protection, respirators, gloves, footwear, eye and face protection, and safety harnesses. The type of PPE used depends on the specific hazards present. PPE should always be considered a last resort after implementing methods to control hazards at their source or along exposure pathways.
Exposure Risk Assessment Challenges : Occupational Hygiene in the Pharmaceutical and Chemical Industries, AIHA 2013, Asia Pacific OH Conference, Singapore
Basic Accident Prevention and Occupational Safety & Healthjhaymz02
Explain the basic principles and practice of accident and disease prevention in the workplace;
Express commitment in preventing the occurrence and recurrence of accidents and diseases within their organization.
Environmental Health and Safety Management System in Different Industries in ...Mozakkir Azad
This document provides an overview of environmental health and safety (EHS) management systems in different industries in Bangladesh. It discusses key topics such as the history of health and safety management, common occupational diseases and hazards, the stages of an EHS management system, and features of an EHS management system including safety event reporting, corrective and preventive action, inspections, observations, compliance management, and risk management. It also examines occupational safety and health regulations in Bangladesh, outlining the roles of organizations like the International Labour Organization and Bangladeshi industry associations. Finally, it explores challenges and importance of occupational safety and health management in Bangladeshi industries.
Development of low cost dust collector for textile industrySumit Dharmarao
Cotton dust in the work place is major problem in cotton textile industries. This problem is more
severe in spinning section. Dust consists of small and microscopic particles of various substances
which are present as suspended particles in air. These particles are harmful to human health.
Because of this various diseases are occurred like shortness of breath, cough, and lungs cancer.
Various aspects of health hazards in textile industries have been discussed and measure hazards
is lungs cancer to reduce this health hazards is lungs cancer our dust collector is helpful.
Development of Low Cost Dust Collector for Textile Industryijiert bestjournal
Cotton dust in the work place is major problem in cotton textile industries. This problem is more severe in spinning section. Dust consists of small and microscopic particles of various substances which are present as suspended particles in air. These part icles are harmful to human health. Because of this various diseases are occurred like shortness of breath,cough,and lungs cancer. Various aspects of health hazards in textile industries have been discussed and measure hazards is lungs cancer to reduce th is health hazards is lungs cancer our dust collector is helpful .
Development of Low Cost Dust Collector for Textile Industryijiert bestjournal
Cotton dust in the work place is major problem in cotton textile industries. This problem is more severe in spinning section. Dust consists of small and microscopic particles of various substances which are present as suspended particles in air. These part icles are harmful to human health. Because of this various diseases are occurred like shortness of breath,cough,and lungs cancer. Various aspects of health hazards in textile industries have been discussed and measure hazards is lungs cancer to reduce th is health hazards is lungs cancer our dust collector is helpful .
Similar to IRJET- Occupational Health and Safety in Cement Industry (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Mechatronics is a multidisciplinary field that refers to the skill sets needed in the contemporary, advanced automated manufacturing industry. At the intersection of mechanics, electronics, and computing, mechatronics specialists create simpler, smarter systems. Mechatronics is an essential foundation for the expected growth in automation and manufacturing.
Mechatronics deals with robotics, control systems, and electro-mechanical systems.
Home security is of paramount importance in today's world, where we rely more on technology, home
security is crucial. Using technology to make homes safer and easier to control from anywhere is
important. Home security is important for the occupant’s safety. In this paper, we came up with a low cost,
AI based model home security system. The system has a user-friendly interface, allowing users to start
model training and face detection with simple keyboard commands. Our goal is to introduce an innovative
home security system using facial recognition technology. Unlike traditional systems, this system trains
and saves images of friends and family members. The system scans this folder to recognize familiar faces
and provides real-time monitoring. If an unfamiliar face is detected, it promptly sends an email alert,
ensuring a proactive response to potential security threats.
Software Engineering and Project Management - Software Testing + Agile Method...Prakhyath Rai
Software Testing: A Strategic Approach to Software Testing, Strategic Issues, Test Strategies for Conventional Software, Test Strategies for Object -Oriented Software, Validation Testing, System Testing, The Art of Debugging.
Agile Methodology: Before Agile – Waterfall, Agile Development.
Tools & Techniques for Commissioning and Maintaining PV Systems W-Animations ...Transcat
Join us for this solutions-based webinar on the tools and techniques for commissioning and maintaining PV Systems. In this session, we'll review the process of building and maintaining a solar array, starting with installation and commissioning, then reviewing operations and maintenance of the system. This course will review insulation resistance testing, I-V curve testing, earth-bond continuity, ground resistance testing, performance tests, visual inspections, ground and arc fault testing procedures, and power quality analysis.
Fluke Solar Application Specialist Will White is presenting on this engaging topic:
Will has worked in the renewable energy industry since 2005, first as an installer for a small east coast solar integrator before adding sales, design, and project management to his skillset. In 2022, Will joined Fluke as a solar application specialist, where he supports their renewable energy testing equipment like IV-curve tracers, electrical meters, and thermal imaging cameras. Experienced in wind power, solar thermal, energy storage, and all scales of PV, Will has primarily focused on residential and small commercial systems. He is passionate about implementing high-quality, code-compliant installation techniques.
Build the Next Generation of Apps with the Einstein 1 Platform.
Rejoignez Philippe Ozil pour une session de workshops qui vous guidera à travers les détails de la plateforme Einstein 1, l'importance des données pour la création d'applications d'intelligence artificielle et les différents outils et technologies que Salesforce propose pour vous apporter tous les bénéfices de l'IA.
Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...shadow0702a
This document serves as a comprehensive step-by-step guide on how to effectively use PyCharm for remote debugging of the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) on a local Windows machine. It meticulously outlines several critical steps in the process, starting with the crucial task of enabling permissions, followed by the installation and configuration of WSL.
The guide then proceeds to explain how to set up the SSH service within the WSL environment, an integral part of the process. Alongside this, it also provides detailed instructions on how to modify the inbound rules of the Windows firewall to facilitate the process, ensuring that there are no connectivity issues that could potentially hinder the debugging process.
The document further emphasizes on the importance of checking the connection between the Windows and WSL environments, providing instructions on how to ensure that the connection is optimal and ready for remote debugging.
It also offers an in-depth guide on how to configure the WSL interpreter and files within the PyCharm environment. This is essential for ensuring that the debugging process is set up correctly and that the program can be run effectively within the WSL terminal.
Additionally, the document provides guidance on how to set up breakpoints for debugging, a fundamental aspect of the debugging process which allows the developer to stop the execution of their code at certain points and inspect their program at those stages.
Finally, the document concludes by providing a link to a reference blog. This blog offers additional information and guidance on configuring the remote Python interpreter in PyCharm, providing the reader with a well-rounded understanding of the process.
Discover the latest insights on Data Driven Maintenance with our comprehensive webinar presentation. Learn about traditional maintenance challenges, the right approach to utilizing data, and the benefits of adopting a Data Driven Maintenance strategy. Explore real-world examples, industry best practices, and innovative solutions like FMECA and the D3M model. This presentation, led by expert Jules Oudmans, is essential for asset owners looking to optimize their maintenance processes and leverage digital technologies for improved efficiency and performance. Download now to stay ahead in the evolving maintenance landscape.
Height and depth gauge linear metrology.pdfq30122000
Height gauges may also be used to measure the height of an object by using the underside of the scriber as the datum. The datum may be permanently fixed or the height gauge may have provision to adjust the scale, this is done by sliding the scale vertically along the body of the height gauge by turning a fine feed screw at the top of the gauge; then with the scriber set to the same level as the base, the scale can be matched to it. This adjustment allows different scribers or probes to be used, as well as adjusting for any errors in a damaged or resharpened probe.