This document discusses the digital implementation of sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) techniques for controlling multilevel inverters using a microcontroller. It presents four SPWM techniques - phase disposition, phase opposition disposition, alternate phase opposition disposition, and inverted phase disposition - and how they can be realized digitally by fragmenting and shifting a reference sinusoidal wave in the microcontroller. Simulation and experimental results validating a five-level cascaded H-bridge inverter controlled by these SPWM techniques using a dsPIC microcontroller are also presented, including the total harmonic distortion achieved with each method.
Harmonic Analysis of Three level Flying Capacitor InverterMohd Esa
The aim of this paper is to determine the Total harmonic distortion (THD) of three phase three level flying capacitor inverter fed star connected R-L load. The modulation Techniques used is Phase Disposition Sinusoidal pulse width modulation (PD-SPWM) and Phase Opposition Disposition Sinusoidal pulse width modulation (POD-SPWM).The Modulation index is varied to analyze its effect on Current THD and Voltage THD.This paper also presents the comparison of PD-SPWM and POD-SPWM controlled Flying capacitor Inverter in terms of THD. The simulation result shows that PD-SPWM has better performance when compared to POD-SPWM. The simulation of circuit is done by using MATLAB/Simulink.
This document presents a comparative investigation of a 7-level cascaded multilevel inverter using different multicarrier pulse width modulation techniques. It discusses the classification, operation, and modulation strategies of multilevel inverters including diode clamped, flying capacitor, and cascaded H-bridge topologies. Simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink are presented to analyze the total harmonic distortion for a 7-level cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter using phase disposition, alternate phase opposition disposition, and phase opposition disposition pulse width modulation techniques. The research aims to improve the output waveform quality and reduce switching losses of the 7-level inverter.
Common Mode Voltage reduction in Diode Clamped MLI using Alternative Phase Op...Mohd Esa
The main objective of this paper is to reduce the Common Mode Voltage (CMV) in the Diode Clamped Multilevel Inverter (DCMLI).Three phase Y-connected RL load is connected to DCMLI. The common mode voltage exists between neutral point of Y-connected load and system ground.CMV causes premature failure of bearings of induction motor and is essential to reduce. In this paper, Alternative Phase Opposition Disposition SPWM technique is used to reduce common mode voltage. Two level, five level, seven level and nine level DCMLI are compared in terms of THD and CMV.The effect of a passive LC filter on THD was studied. The simulation of circuit is carried out by using MATLAB/Simulink. Simulation result portrays reduction in THD and CMV by using APOD-SPWM controlled higher level Inverters.
THD analysis of SPWM & THPWM Controlled Three phase Voltage Source InverterIRJET Journal
This document analyzes and compares the total harmonic distortion (THD) of a three-phase voltage source inverter controlled by two modulation techniques: sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) and third harmonic pulse width modulation (THPWM). The simulation results show that THPWM has better performance than SPWM, with lower current and voltage THD values. Specifically, THPWM provides current THD below 2% and voltage THD below 55% across all tested carrier frequencies, while SPWM has higher THD, with minimum values of 2.06% for current and 65.98% for voltage. Therefore, THPWM is determined to produce output voltage and current of better quality compared to SPWM.
SIMPLE AND FAST METHOD FOR DESIGNING A PROGRAMMABLE PSM MODE CONTROL OF A BU...AM Publications
The control of a DC-DC converter is usually done through an analog or digital circuit. In this work, we opted for a command controlled by a microcontroller. The PSM (Pulse Skipping Modulation) control is implemented by software instead of the conventional control based on an electrical circuit comprising logic gates and an external clock. The control program, implanted on a microcontroller dsPIC is translated directly from a diagram realized under SIMULINK using the tool MPLAB SIMULINK BLOCKSET. The use of the ISIS / Proteus simulator allowed us to compare the simulation results obtained from MATLAB and the practical electrical circuit of the converter and its simulated control under ISIS / Proteus.
Common Mode Voltage reduction in Diode Clamped MLI using SPWM TechniquesMOHD ABDUL MUQEEM NAWAZ
This document discusses techniques to reduce common mode voltage in diode clamped multilevel inverters using sinusoidal pulse width modulation. It presents simulation results comparing phase disposition, phase opposition disposition, and alternative phase opposition disposition SPWM methods in 3-level, 5-level, 7-level and 9-level inverters. The zero common mode SPWM technique is also analyzed, showing it can eliminate common mode voltage. Simulation results show that higher level inverters and carrier disposition techniques like alternative phase opposition disposition more effectively reduce common mode voltage and total harmonic distortion.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IRJET - Analysis of Carrier based PWM Controlled Modular Multilevel Conve...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a carrier-based PWM control technique for a modular multilevel converter (MMC) used in a variable frequency drive (VFD) without an intermediate DC bus. Key points:
1. An MMC-based VFD without a DC bus is proposed to improve efficiency over traditional VFD configurations with an intermediate DC link.
2. A phase-shift carrier PWM (PSCPWM) modulation technique is used to control the switching of converter cells.
3. A capacitor voltage balancing algorithm sorts capacitor voltages and activates submodules accordingly to maintain balanced voltages based on arm current direction.
Harmonic Analysis of Three level Flying Capacitor InverterMohd Esa
The aim of this paper is to determine the Total harmonic distortion (THD) of three phase three level flying capacitor inverter fed star connected R-L load. The modulation Techniques used is Phase Disposition Sinusoidal pulse width modulation (PD-SPWM) and Phase Opposition Disposition Sinusoidal pulse width modulation (POD-SPWM).The Modulation index is varied to analyze its effect on Current THD and Voltage THD.This paper also presents the comparison of PD-SPWM and POD-SPWM controlled Flying capacitor Inverter in terms of THD. The simulation result shows that PD-SPWM has better performance when compared to POD-SPWM. The simulation of circuit is done by using MATLAB/Simulink.
This document presents a comparative investigation of a 7-level cascaded multilevel inverter using different multicarrier pulse width modulation techniques. It discusses the classification, operation, and modulation strategies of multilevel inverters including diode clamped, flying capacitor, and cascaded H-bridge topologies. Simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink are presented to analyze the total harmonic distortion for a 7-level cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter using phase disposition, alternate phase opposition disposition, and phase opposition disposition pulse width modulation techniques. The research aims to improve the output waveform quality and reduce switching losses of the 7-level inverter.
Common Mode Voltage reduction in Diode Clamped MLI using Alternative Phase Op...Mohd Esa
The main objective of this paper is to reduce the Common Mode Voltage (CMV) in the Diode Clamped Multilevel Inverter (DCMLI).Three phase Y-connected RL load is connected to DCMLI. The common mode voltage exists between neutral point of Y-connected load and system ground.CMV causes premature failure of bearings of induction motor and is essential to reduce. In this paper, Alternative Phase Opposition Disposition SPWM technique is used to reduce common mode voltage. Two level, five level, seven level and nine level DCMLI are compared in terms of THD and CMV.The effect of a passive LC filter on THD was studied. The simulation of circuit is carried out by using MATLAB/Simulink. Simulation result portrays reduction in THD and CMV by using APOD-SPWM controlled higher level Inverters.
THD analysis of SPWM & THPWM Controlled Three phase Voltage Source InverterIRJET Journal
This document analyzes and compares the total harmonic distortion (THD) of a three-phase voltage source inverter controlled by two modulation techniques: sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) and third harmonic pulse width modulation (THPWM). The simulation results show that THPWM has better performance than SPWM, with lower current and voltage THD values. Specifically, THPWM provides current THD below 2% and voltage THD below 55% across all tested carrier frequencies, while SPWM has higher THD, with minimum values of 2.06% for current and 65.98% for voltage. Therefore, THPWM is determined to produce output voltage and current of better quality compared to SPWM.
SIMPLE AND FAST METHOD FOR DESIGNING A PROGRAMMABLE PSM MODE CONTROL OF A BU...AM Publications
The control of a DC-DC converter is usually done through an analog or digital circuit. In this work, we opted for a command controlled by a microcontroller. The PSM (Pulse Skipping Modulation) control is implemented by software instead of the conventional control based on an electrical circuit comprising logic gates and an external clock. The control program, implanted on a microcontroller dsPIC is translated directly from a diagram realized under SIMULINK using the tool MPLAB SIMULINK BLOCKSET. The use of the ISIS / Proteus simulator allowed us to compare the simulation results obtained from MATLAB and the practical electrical circuit of the converter and its simulated control under ISIS / Proteus.
Common Mode Voltage reduction in Diode Clamped MLI using SPWM TechniquesMOHD ABDUL MUQEEM NAWAZ
This document discusses techniques to reduce common mode voltage in diode clamped multilevel inverters using sinusoidal pulse width modulation. It presents simulation results comparing phase disposition, phase opposition disposition, and alternative phase opposition disposition SPWM methods in 3-level, 5-level, 7-level and 9-level inverters. The zero common mode SPWM technique is also analyzed, showing it can eliminate common mode voltage. Simulation results show that higher level inverters and carrier disposition techniques like alternative phase opposition disposition more effectively reduce common mode voltage and total harmonic distortion.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IRJET - Analysis of Carrier based PWM Controlled Modular Multilevel Conve...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a carrier-based PWM control technique for a modular multilevel converter (MMC) used in a variable frequency drive (VFD) without an intermediate DC bus. Key points:
1. An MMC-based VFD without a DC bus is proposed to improve efficiency over traditional VFD configurations with an intermediate DC link.
2. A phase-shift carrier PWM (PSCPWM) modulation technique is used to control the switching of converter cells.
3. A capacitor voltage balancing algorithm sorts capacitor voltages and activates submodules accordingly to maintain balanced voltages based on arm current direction.
CMV analysis of 5-level Cascaded H-Bridge MLI with equal and unequal DC sourc...Mohd Esa
This paper, investigates the Common Mode Voltage (CMV)between neutral point of the star connected RL load and system ground.CMV also known as zero sequence voltage results in adverse effects like bearing currents, shaft voltages and electromagnetic interference.CMV also causes premature failure of bearings of induction motor and is necessary to reduce. In this paper, Variable Frequency Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (VFSPWM) techniques are used to investigate CMV in Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter (CHB-MLI). Comparison of 5-level CHB-MLI with equal and unequal DC sources in terms of CMV is also presented. Simulation of circuit is carried out in MATLAB environment.
Performance Evaluation of a Three Phase Nine Level Inverter with Reduced Swit...Scientific Review
This paper presents a three phase nine level cascaded H-bridge (CHB) multilevel inverter with RL load. A sinusoidal and trapezoidal PWM method is used to achieve minimum total harmonics distortion (THD) in the output current of multilevel inverters. The analysis of the output current harmonics is carried out and compared with the seven level conventional cascaded H-bridge inverters. The proposed inverter is verified through simulation and the simulation results are compared with the conventional multilevel inverter. From the result the proposed inverter offers much less total harmonic distortion.
This document provides details about the 3G-RNC 3820, including:
1. It describes the main components of the RNC 3820 including general purpose processor boards, switch core boards, timing unit boards, and special purpose boards.
2. It shows the cabinet layout including the main subrack, extension subracks, active patch panel, and fan units.
3. It provides examples of RNC 3820 node layouts with different throughput and connectivity capabilities.
Design and Implementation of an Interface Circuit for DC Motor Speed Control ...Firas Mohammed Ali Al-Raie
The document describes the design and implementation of an interface circuit for controlling the speed of a DC motor using pulse width modulation (PWM) technique. The circuit uses a 555 timer chip to generate a PWM signal with variable pulse width to control the motor speed. Relays connected to the PC's parallel port are used to vary the pulse width by changing the timer's charging resistor, thereby controlling the motor speed in three levels. The circuit was successfully tested to demonstrate PWM-based speed control of a small DC motor via a computer program.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
This document presents a 5-level three-phase cascaded hybrid multilevel inverter. It consists of a standard 3-leg inverter with an H-bridge connected in series to each leg, using separate DC voltage sources of 24V and 48V. The control signals are generated using a FPGA controller with PWM modulation. A simulation model was developed in PSCAD/EMTDC. Experimental results show the output voltages have 5 levels with THD between 15.6-18.3% and the output currents are close to sinusoidal with THD between 2.7-4.2%. The hybrid multilevel inverter topology reduces the number of switches and capacitors compared to other multilevel inverter structures.
Sinusoidal PWM and Space Vector Modulation For Two Level Voltage Source Conve...ZunAib Ali
1) The document describes a two level voltage source converter (VSC) that can operate as either a rectifier or inverter using carrier-based sinusoidal pulse width modulation (PWM) or space vector modulation (SVM) control techniques.
2) The two level VSC consists of six switches that can be IGBTs or MOSFETs with anti-parallel diodes, allowing bidirectional power flow between the DC and AC sides.
3) Sinusoidal PWM compares a triangular carrier signal to three-phase modulating waves to generate switching pulses for the converter switches, while SVM represents the converter states as space vectors to calculate switching times.
Investigation of THD for Cascaded Multi-Level Inverter Using Multicarrier Mod...IJERA Editor
This document summarizes an investigation into the total harmonic distortion (THD) of cascaded multi-level inverters using different multicarrier modulation techniques. It describes three modulation techniques - phase shifted multicarrier modulation (PSHM), level shifted multicarrier modulation (LSHM), and wave level shifted multicarrier modulation (WLSHM). Simulation results for 7-level, 9-level, 11-level, and 13-level inverters show that WLSHM achieves the lowest THD compared to the other techniques. The document concludes that WLSHM is the best modulation method for reducing THD in cascaded multi-level inverters.
This document describes the design of a remote control train information display system. It contains 12 chapters that outline the system components, circuit details, working principles, and implementation. The key components are an IR sensor to detect distance traveled, an RF transmitter and receiver for remote control, a microcontroller to process inputs and control outputs, and a voice chip for station announcements. It provides distance information to passengers and announces upcoming and passed stations remotely.
Design consideration of an mmc hvdc system based on 4500 v:4000a emitter turn...Ghazal Falahi
Excessive power loss is a major concern in high voltage and high power applications and is considered one of the main drawbacks of VSC-HVDC system when compared with traditional HVDC system based on thyristor technology. This is primarily caused by high switching loss associated with switching devices used in the VSC-HVDC. This issue can be largely addressed by using the emerging MMC-HVDC topology, which requires much lower switching frequency than traditional VSC-HVDC. Emitter turn-off thyristor (ETO) is one of the best high power switching devices packed with many advanced features. ETO thyristor based MMC-HVDC system is therefore an extremely attractive choice for ultra-high voltage and high power HVDCs. This paper discusses the operation principle of ETO based MMC-HVDC as well as its design and loss comparison with other solutions.
Report on speed control of d.c. motor using pwm methodshivam singh
The document presents a project on speed control of a DC motor using PWM technique. It is carried out by 4 students under the guidance of Sir Arvind Mishal. The project aims to provide an efficient and simple method for controlling DC motor speed using pulse width modulation. It explains the working of key components used - Schmitt trigger CD40106B and rectifier 1N4140. The abstract gives an overview of PWM technique and its advantages over other speed control methods. It then discusses the circuit design and working of the project in detail.
Controlling of DC Motor using IC 555 TimerUpendra Chokka
This document describes a student project to control the speed of a DC motor using pulse width modulation. It includes a list of components used, an overview of the theory behind pulse width modulation and DC motors, diagrams of the PWM waveform and 555 timer IC, and schematics of the circuit both simulated and on breadboard/PCB. The circuit uses a 555 timer and potentiometer to vary the duty cycle and thereby control motor speed. Construction, working, conclusions and resources are also summarized.
Pulse-width modulation is a technique used to encode a message into a pulsating signal by varying the width of pulses. This document describes a circuit that uses a 555 timer chip wired in astable mode to generate a pulse-width modulated signal that controls the speed of a DC motor by varying the duty cycle. The duty cycle is controlled by a potentiometer, with a narrow cycle decreasing motor speed and a broad cycle increasing it. Simulation results show the output is a 10Hz square wave controlling the motor to a rated speed of 2400rpm.
The document discusses various options available for HBC radio controls, including safety features like front panel lighting, tandem operation of cranes, pre-selection of trolleys/hoists, catch-release for crane sharing, electronic keys for quick activation of spare transmitters, user identification, infrared activation, shock detection, roll detection, zero-g detection, implausible command detection, orthogonal and micro drives, intelligent roll-over bars, feedback via displays, live video transmission, vibration alarms, and enabling switches. These options aim to improve safety, efficiency, comfort and control for applications like concrete pumps, excavators, cranes and other machinery.
Sinusoidal PWM has been a very popular technique used in AC motor control. This is a method that employs a triangular carrier wave modulated by a sine wave and the points of intersection determining the switching points of the power devices in the inverter.
This document summarizes research on pulse width modulation (PWM) techniques for three-phase inverters. It describes sinusoidal PWM switching schemes that allow control of output voltage magnitude and frequency. Simulation models of three-phase inverters using sawtooth and triangular carrier waveforms are presented and analyzed. The results show that a sawtooth carrier waveform produces a more appropriate three-phase voltage waveform compared to a triangular carrier waveform. In conclusion, sinusoidal PWM inverters can generate clean sinusoidal output voltages through comparison of reference and carrier signals to control switching.
The aim of this paper is to determine the Total harmonic distortion (THD) of three phase three level flying capacitor inverter fed star connected R-L load. The modulation Techniques used is Phase Disposition Sinusoidal pulse width modulation (PD-SPWM) and Phase Opposition Disposition Sinusoidal pulse width modulation (POD-SPWM).The Modulation index is varied to analyze its effect on Current THD and Voltage THD.This paper also presents the comparison of PD-SPWM and POD-SPWM controlled Flying capacitor Inverter in terms of THD. The simulation result shows that PD-SPWM has better performance when compared to POD-SPWM. The simulation of circuit is done by using MATLAB/Simulink.
The document discusses multilevel inverters and their advantages over traditional inverters. It describes that multilevel inverters produce stepped AC signals that reduce harmonics. There are three main topologies discussed - diode clamped, flying capacitor, and cascaded H-bridge inverters. Diode clamped inverters use capacitors between DC links to create voltage levels, while flying capacitor uses capacitors instead of diodes. Cascaded H-bridge uses separate DC sources and single-phase H-bridge inverters to synthesize voltage waves. Total harmonic distortion is a key metric for inverter output quality, with multilevel inverters producing less distortion than traditional designs.
Performance Evaluation of a Three Phase Nine Level Inverter with Reduced Sw...Scientific Review SR
This paper presents a three phase nine level cascaded H-bridge (CHB) multilevel inverter with RL load. A sinusoidal and trapezoidal PWM method is used to achieve minimum total harmonics distortion (THD) in the output current of multilevel inverters. The analysis of the output current harmonics is carried out and compared with the seven level conventional cascaded H-bridge inverters. The proposed inverter is verified through
simulation and the simulation results are compared with the conventional multilevel inverter. From the result the
proposed inverter offers much less total harmonic distortion
This paper presents combinations of level shifted pulse-width modulation algorithm with conventional discontinuous pulse-width modulation methods for cascaded multilevel inverters. In the proposed DPWM a zero sequence signal is injected in sinusoidal reference signal to generate various modulators with easier implementation. The analysis four various control strategies namely Common Carrier (CC), Inverted Carrier (IC), Phase Shifted (PS) and Inverted Phase Shift (IPS) for cascaded multilevel inverter fed induction motor drive has been illustrated. To validate the proposed work experimental tests has been carried out using dSPACE controller. Experimental study proves that using proposed algorithms reduction in common-mode voltage with fewer harmonics along with reduced switching loss for a cascaded multilevel inverter fed motor drive has been achieved.
Implementation of Space Vector PWM for Hybrid DSTATCOMIRJET Journal
This document discusses the implementation of space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) for a hybrid distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM). SVPWM is considered superior to other PWM techniques for DSTATCOM as it allows for better utilization of the DC bus voltage. The paper proposes a DSTATCOM topology using a three-phase voltage source inverter with an LCL filter. It describes the SVPWM technique which aims to generate the desired output voltage vector from the inverter's six active state vectors and two null state vectors. Simulation results show that SVPWM improves current compensation and reduces harmonic distortion compared to an uncompensated system.
CMV analysis of 5-level Cascaded H-Bridge MLI with equal and unequal DC sourc...Mohd Esa
This paper, investigates the Common Mode Voltage (CMV)between neutral point of the star connected RL load and system ground.CMV also known as zero sequence voltage results in adverse effects like bearing currents, shaft voltages and electromagnetic interference.CMV also causes premature failure of bearings of induction motor and is necessary to reduce. In this paper, Variable Frequency Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (VFSPWM) techniques are used to investigate CMV in Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter (CHB-MLI). Comparison of 5-level CHB-MLI with equal and unequal DC sources in terms of CMV is also presented. Simulation of circuit is carried out in MATLAB environment.
Performance Evaluation of a Three Phase Nine Level Inverter with Reduced Swit...Scientific Review
This paper presents a three phase nine level cascaded H-bridge (CHB) multilevel inverter with RL load. A sinusoidal and trapezoidal PWM method is used to achieve minimum total harmonics distortion (THD) in the output current of multilevel inverters. The analysis of the output current harmonics is carried out and compared with the seven level conventional cascaded H-bridge inverters. The proposed inverter is verified through simulation and the simulation results are compared with the conventional multilevel inverter. From the result the proposed inverter offers much less total harmonic distortion.
This document provides details about the 3G-RNC 3820, including:
1. It describes the main components of the RNC 3820 including general purpose processor boards, switch core boards, timing unit boards, and special purpose boards.
2. It shows the cabinet layout including the main subrack, extension subracks, active patch panel, and fan units.
3. It provides examples of RNC 3820 node layouts with different throughput and connectivity capabilities.
Design and Implementation of an Interface Circuit for DC Motor Speed Control ...Firas Mohammed Ali Al-Raie
The document describes the design and implementation of an interface circuit for controlling the speed of a DC motor using pulse width modulation (PWM) technique. The circuit uses a 555 timer chip to generate a PWM signal with variable pulse width to control the motor speed. Relays connected to the PC's parallel port are used to vary the pulse width by changing the timer's charging resistor, thereby controlling the motor speed in three levels. The circuit was successfully tested to demonstrate PWM-based speed control of a small DC motor via a computer program.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
This document presents a 5-level three-phase cascaded hybrid multilevel inverter. It consists of a standard 3-leg inverter with an H-bridge connected in series to each leg, using separate DC voltage sources of 24V and 48V. The control signals are generated using a FPGA controller with PWM modulation. A simulation model was developed in PSCAD/EMTDC. Experimental results show the output voltages have 5 levels with THD between 15.6-18.3% and the output currents are close to sinusoidal with THD between 2.7-4.2%. The hybrid multilevel inverter topology reduces the number of switches and capacitors compared to other multilevel inverter structures.
Sinusoidal PWM and Space Vector Modulation For Two Level Voltage Source Conve...ZunAib Ali
1) The document describes a two level voltage source converter (VSC) that can operate as either a rectifier or inverter using carrier-based sinusoidal pulse width modulation (PWM) or space vector modulation (SVM) control techniques.
2) The two level VSC consists of six switches that can be IGBTs or MOSFETs with anti-parallel diodes, allowing bidirectional power flow between the DC and AC sides.
3) Sinusoidal PWM compares a triangular carrier signal to three-phase modulating waves to generate switching pulses for the converter switches, while SVM represents the converter states as space vectors to calculate switching times.
Investigation of THD for Cascaded Multi-Level Inverter Using Multicarrier Mod...IJERA Editor
This document summarizes an investigation into the total harmonic distortion (THD) of cascaded multi-level inverters using different multicarrier modulation techniques. It describes three modulation techniques - phase shifted multicarrier modulation (PSHM), level shifted multicarrier modulation (LSHM), and wave level shifted multicarrier modulation (WLSHM). Simulation results for 7-level, 9-level, 11-level, and 13-level inverters show that WLSHM achieves the lowest THD compared to the other techniques. The document concludes that WLSHM is the best modulation method for reducing THD in cascaded multi-level inverters.
This document describes the design of a remote control train information display system. It contains 12 chapters that outline the system components, circuit details, working principles, and implementation. The key components are an IR sensor to detect distance traveled, an RF transmitter and receiver for remote control, a microcontroller to process inputs and control outputs, and a voice chip for station announcements. It provides distance information to passengers and announces upcoming and passed stations remotely.
Design consideration of an mmc hvdc system based on 4500 v:4000a emitter turn...Ghazal Falahi
Excessive power loss is a major concern in high voltage and high power applications and is considered one of the main drawbacks of VSC-HVDC system when compared with traditional HVDC system based on thyristor technology. This is primarily caused by high switching loss associated with switching devices used in the VSC-HVDC. This issue can be largely addressed by using the emerging MMC-HVDC topology, which requires much lower switching frequency than traditional VSC-HVDC. Emitter turn-off thyristor (ETO) is one of the best high power switching devices packed with many advanced features. ETO thyristor based MMC-HVDC system is therefore an extremely attractive choice for ultra-high voltage and high power HVDCs. This paper discusses the operation principle of ETO based MMC-HVDC as well as its design and loss comparison with other solutions.
Report on speed control of d.c. motor using pwm methodshivam singh
The document presents a project on speed control of a DC motor using PWM technique. It is carried out by 4 students under the guidance of Sir Arvind Mishal. The project aims to provide an efficient and simple method for controlling DC motor speed using pulse width modulation. It explains the working of key components used - Schmitt trigger CD40106B and rectifier 1N4140. The abstract gives an overview of PWM technique and its advantages over other speed control methods. It then discusses the circuit design and working of the project in detail.
Controlling of DC Motor using IC 555 TimerUpendra Chokka
This document describes a student project to control the speed of a DC motor using pulse width modulation. It includes a list of components used, an overview of the theory behind pulse width modulation and DC motors, diagrams of the PWM waveform and 555 timer IC, and schematics of the circuit both simulated and on breadboard/PCB. The circuit uses a 555 timer and potentiometer to vary the duty cycle and thereby control motor speed. Construction, working, conclusions and resources are also summarized.
Pulse-width modulation is a technique used to encode a message into a pulsating signal by varying the width of pulses. This document describes a circuit that uses a 555 timer chip wired in astable mode to generate a pulse-width modulated signal that controls the speed of a DC motor by varying the duty cycle. The duty cycle is controlled by a potentiometer, with a narrow cycle decreasing motor speed and a broad cycle increasing it. Simulation results show the output is a 10Hz square wave controlling the motor to a rated speed of 2400rpm.
The document discusses various options available for HBC radio controls, including safety features like front panel lighting, tandem operation of cranes, pre-selection of trolleys/hoists, catch-release for crane sharing, electronic keys for quick activation of spare transmitters, user identification, infrared activation, shock detection, roll detection, zero-g detection, implausible command detection, orthogonal and micro drives, intelligent roll-over bars, feedback via displays, live video transmission, vibration alarms, and enabling switches. These options aim to improve safety, efficiency, comfort and control for applications like concrete pumps, excavators, cranes and other machinery.
Sinusoidal PWM has been a very popular technique used in AC motor control. This is a method that employs a triangular carrier wave modulated by a sine wave and the points of intersection determining the switching points of the power devices in the inverter.
This document summarizes research on pulse width modulation (PWM) techniques for three-phase inverters. It describes sinusoidal PWM switching schemes that allow control of output voltage magnitude and frequency. Simulation models of three-phase inverters using sawtooth and triangular carrier waveforms are presented and analyzed. The results show that a sawtooth carrier waveform produces a more appropriate three-phase voltage waveform compared to a triangular carrier waveform. In conclusion, sinusoidal PWM inverters can generate clean sinusoidal output voltages through comparison of reference and carrier signals to control switching.
The aim of this paper is to determine the Total harmonic distortion (THD) of three phase three level flying capacitor inverter fed star connected R-L load. The modulation Techniques used is Phase Disposition Sinusoidal pulse width modulation (PD-SPWM) and Phase Opposition Disposition Sinusoidal pulse width modulation (POD-SPWM).The Modulation index is varied to analyze its effect on Current THD and Voltage THD.This paper also presents the comparison of PD-SPWM and POD-SPWM controlled Flying capacitor Inverter in terms of THD. The simulation result shows that PD-SPWM has better performance when compared to POD-SPWM. The simulation of circuit is done by using MATLAB/Simulink.
The document discusses multilevel inverters and their advantages over traditional inverters. It describes that multilevel inverters produce stepped AC signals that reduce harmonics. There are three main topologies discussed - diode clamped, flying capacitor, and cascaded H-bridge inverters. Diode clamped inverters use capacitors between DC links to create voltage levels, while flying capacitor uses capacitors instead of diodes. Cascaded H-bridge uses separate DC sources and single-phase H-bridge inverters to synthesize voltage waves. Total harmonic distortion is a key metric for inverter output quality, with multilevel inverters producing less distortion than traditional designs.
Performance Evaluation of a Three Phase Nine Level Inverter with Reduced Sw...Scientific Review SR
This paper presents a three phase nine level cascaded H-bridge (CHB) multilevel inverter with RL load. A sinusoidal and trapezoidal PWM method is used to achieve minimum total harmonics distortion (THD) in the output current of multilevel inverters. The analysis of the output current harmonics is carried out and compared with the seven level conventional cascaded H-bridge inverters. The proposed inverter is verified through
simulation and the simulation results are compared with the conventional multilevel inverter. From the result the
proposed inverter offers much less total harmonic distortion
This paper presents combinations of level shifted pulse-width modulation algorithm with conventional discontinuous pulse-width modulation methods for cascaded multilevel inverters. In the proposed DPWM a zero sequence signal is injected in sinusoidal reference signal to generate various modulators with easier implementation. The analysis four various control strategies namely Common Carrier (CC), Inverted Carrier (IC), Phase Shifted (PS) and Inverted Phase Shift (IPS) for cascaded multilevel inverter fed induction motor drive has been illustrated. To validate the proposed work experimental tests has been carried out using dSPACE controller. Experimental study proves that using proposed algorithms reduction in common-mode voltage with fewer harmonics along with reduced switching loss for a cascaded multilevel inverter fed motor drive has been achieved.
Implementation of Space Vector PWM for Hybrid DSTATCOMIRJET Journal
This document discusses the implementation of space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) for a hybrid distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM). SVPWM is considered superior to other PWM techniques for DSTATCOM as it allows for better utilization of the DC bus voltage. The paper proposes a DSTATCOM topology using a three-phase voltage source inverter with an LCL filter. It describes the SVPWM technique which aims to generate the desired output voltage vector from the inverter's six active state vectors and two null state vectors. Simulation results show that SVPWM improves current compensation and reduces harmonic distortion compared to an uncompensated system.
CMV analysis of 5 level Cascaded H Bridge MLI with equal and unequal DC sourc...MOHD ABDUL MUQEEM NAWAZ
This paper, investigates the Common Mode Voltage (CMV)between neutral point of the star connected RL load and system ground.CMV also known as zero sequence voltage results in adverse effects like bearing currents, shaft voltages and electromagnetic interference.CMV also causes premature failure of bearings of induction motor and is necessary to reduce. In this paper, Variable Frequency Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (VFSPWM) techniques are used to investigate CMV in Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter (CHB-MLI). Comparison of 5-level CHB-MLI with equal and unequal DC sources in terms of CMV is also presented. Simulation of circuit is carried out in MATLAB environment.
Analysis and Implementation of Unipolar PWM Strategies for Three Phase Cascad...IJAAS Team
This paper presents unipolar pulse width modulation technique with sinusoidal sampling pulse width modulation are analyzed for three-phase five-level, seven-level, nine-level and eleven-level cascaded multi-level inverter. The unipolar PWM method offers a good opportunity for the realization of the Three-phase inverter control, it is better to use the unipolar PWM method with single carrier wave compared to two reference waves. In such case the motor harmonic losses will be considerably lower.The necessary calculations for generation of unipolar pulse width modulation strategies have presented in detail. The unipolar SPWM voltage switching scheme is selected in this paper because this method offers the advantages of effectively doubling the switching frequency of the inverter voltage. The cascaded multi level inverter fed induction motor is simulated and compared the total harmonic distroction for all level (five-level, seven-level, nine-level and elevel-level)of the inverter. Theoretical investigations were confirmed by the digital simulations using MATLAB/SIMULINK software.
IRJET - Comparison of Different Third Harmonic Injected PWM Strategies for 5-...IRJET Journal
This document compares three third harmonic injected PWM strategies for controlling a 5-level diode clamped inverter: THI-IPD, THI-APOD, and THI-POD. It discusses the inverter topology, describes how a third harmonic is added to the reference signal to increase the fundamental component, and outlines the three modulation strategies. Simulation and experimental results are presented to compare the performance of the strategies in terms of output voltage quality.
ENHANCEMENT OF FUNDAMENTAL RMS OUTPUT VOLTAGE OF 5-LEVEL CASCADED H-BRIDGE MU...IAEME Publication
Cascaded H-bridge Multilevel Inverter (CHBMLI) is the most suitable topology for the PV power converters. In this paper an effort has been made to increase the performance of CHBMLI by improving the fundamental Root Mean Square (RMS) value of the output voltage. This work proposes a Modified Multi Carrier PWM (MMCPWM) technique where, reference sine wave has been replaced by ellipse wave, resulting in enhanced performances on the fundamental rms output voltage and lower Total Harmonic Distortion (THD). Analysis of single phase 5-level CHBMLI with and without load are carried for the different Multi Carrier PWM (MCPWM) techniques.
This paper presents investigation and performance analysis of novel down sampling based clamping SV PWM technique for diode and cascaded Multi-level Invereter fed to Induction motor drive. A novel down sampling based clamping SVPWM has developed by adding triangular off set to sinusoidal fundamental waveform is modified by down sampling the reference wave by order of 10 so this technique is called clamping space vector pulse width modulation techniques such as PD, POD and APOD. so as to shift the lower order harmonics to higher order side. This novel carrier is compared with the offset injected space vector reference waveform to generate the required PWM pulses to the inverter. To analyze the performance of the proposed PWM technique it is implemented on seven level diode and cascaded Multi-level Inverter using Matlab/Simulink software tool for output line, phase voltage, currents, speed, torque and Total harmonic distortion analysis.
Implementation of Three phase SPWM Inverter with Minimum Number of Power Elec...IJMTST Journal
In the past decades, the researchers have dealt with the conventional topology, which possesses sum switches of Multilevel Inverter is applied to PWM method. The present research work has been introduced a new method of multilevel inverter using reduced switches is applied with PWM technique. In introduction part the conventional new multilevel inverter & switching pattern are explained. In second part PWM technique of proposed work and circuits is explained. The width of this pulses are modulated in order to obtain inverter output voltage control and to reduce its harmonic content. Sinusoidal pulse width modulation or SPWM is the most common method in motor control and inverter application. Conventionally, to generate the signal, triangle wave as a carrier signal is compared with the sinusoidal wave, whose frequency is the desired frequency.
Investigation of the Common Mode Voltage for a Neutral-Point-Clamped Multilev...IJPEDS-IAES
The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive Investigations and its control on the common mode Voltage (CMV) of the three-phase three-level neutral-point diode-clamped (NPC) multilevel inverter (MLI). A widespread space-vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) technique to mitigate the perpetual problem of the NPC-MLI, the CMV, proposed. The proposed scheme is an effectual blend of nearest three vector (NTV) and selected three vector (STV) techniques. This scheme is capable to reduce the CMV without compromise the inverter output voltage and Total harmonics distraction (THD). CMV reduction achieved less than +Vdc/6 using the proposed vector selection procedure. The theoretical Investigations, the MATLAB software based computer simulation and Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) supported hardware corroboration have shown the superiority of the proposed technique over the conventional SVPWM schemes.
The power electronics device which converts DC power to AC power at required output voltage and frequency level is known as inverter. Multilevel inverter is to synthesize a near sinusoidal voltage from several levels of dc voltages. In order to maintain the different voltage levels at appropriate intervals, the conduction time intervals of MOSFETS have been maintained by controlling the pulse width of gating pulses. In this paper single phase to three phase power conversion using PWM technique. The simulation is carried out in MATLAB/Simulink environment which demonstrate the feasibility of proposed scheme.
Pwm control strategies for multilevel inverters based on carrier redistributi...IAEME Publication
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes three PWM control strategies for multilevel inverters based on carrier redistribution techniques. The strategies are Alternate Phase Opposition Disposition (APOD), Phase Opposition Disposition (POD), and Phase Disposition (PD). Simulation results show the performance of a seven-level diode-clamped inverter using the three carrier-based PWM strategies with sinusoidal PWM, third harmonic injection PWM, and modified space vector PWM modulation signals. The total harmonic distortion is evaluated and compared for each modulation scheme.
Pwm control strategies for multilevel inverters based on carrier redistributi...IAEME Publication
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes three new PWM control strategies for multilevel inverters based on carrier redistribution techniques. The strategies are called Alternate Phase Opposition Disposition (APOD), Phase Opposition Disposition (POD), and Phase Disposition (PD). They utilize the control freedom degree of vertical offsets among carriers. Simulation results are presented to validate the proposed PWM techniques and demonstrate their effectiveness in reducing total harmonic distortion compared to existing control schemes.
Carrier based hybrid pwm algorithm with reduced common mode voltageIAEME Publication
This document proposes a hybrid PWM algorithm to reduce common mode voltage variations in three-phase voltage source inverter fed induction motor drives. It presents a carrier-based approach to generate active zero state PWM techniques through addition of a zero sequence voltage. To further reduce harmonic distortion, a hybrid PWM technique is presented based on analysis of stator flux ripple. Simulation results on a v/f controlled induction motor drive show that the proposed algorithm minimizes common mode voltage variations compared to the space vector PWM algorithm.
IRJET- Design of Single Phase High Frequency Inverter for Wireless Charging A...IRJET Journal
1. The document describes the design of a single phase high frequency inverter using an SG3525A PWM control circuit IC for wireless electric vehicle charging applications. The inverter is capable of producing 12V AC voltage at 85kHz as specified by standards.
2. The design uses the SG3525A IC which contains built-in circuitry for PWM control without complex external circuitry. It also has soft start capability and undervoltage lockout. IRFZ44 MOSFETs are used as switching devices in a full-bridge configuration controlled by the IC.
3. The design was able to produce the target 85kHz, 12V AC voltage for experimental wireless charging purposes. Standards specify operating
IJERD (www.ijerd.com) International Journal of Engineering Research and Devel...IJERD Editor
The document presents a hybrid pulse width modulation (HPWM) method for voltage source inverter (VSI) fed induction motor drives. It proposes a generalized PWM (GPWM) algorithm that varies a constant to generate different discontinuous PWM (DPWM) algorithms along with the space vector PWM (SVPWM) algorithm. The GPWM approach uses instantaneous phase voltages to calculate inverter gating times, reducing complexity compared to the classical SVPWM approach. Simulation results show that SVPWM gives better performance at low modulation indices, while DPWM is better at higher indices. Therefore, the paper presents a HPWM algorithm to achieve superior waveform quality across all modulation indices.
Analysis and simulation of multilevel inverter using multi carrier based pwmIAEME Publication
This document analyzes and simulates a multilevel inverter using multi-carrier based PWM control techniques. It describes a cascaded multilevel inverter topology with separate DC sources for each H-bridge. It discusses phase-shifted and level-shifted carrier based PWM methods and modulation techniques like IPD, POD, and APOD. MATLAB Simulink models are used to simulate 5-level and 7-level inverters using phase-shifted and level-shifted PWM. Total harmonic distortion results show that POD PWM provides the lowest distortion.
Implementation of d space controlled dpwm basedeSAT Journals
Abstract The paper presents dSPACE controlled Induction motor drive fed through Discontinuous pulse width modulation (DPWM) algorithm based voltage source inverter. Two important performance measuring factors harmonic distortion in line current and dc bus utilization of the inverter can be improved with Discontinuous PWM approach in comparison with the popular conventional space vector (CSVPWM) approach; the paper contemplates on the implementation of DPWM algorithm for pulse generation which in turn are fed to intelligent power module that feeds the motor drive through DS1104 PPC603e / 250 MHz control desk. The results conclude the successful implementation of dSPACE Controlled induction motor drive. To validate the proposed work, numerical simulation including the experimental results is presented. Keywords:-DPWM, dSPACE, RTI
Similar to IRJET- dsPIC based Implementation of Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation Techninques for Multilevel Inverters (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
Low power architecture of logic gates using adiabatic techniquesnooriasukmaningtyas
The growing significance of portable systems to limit power consumption in ultra-large-scale-integration chips of very high density, has recently led to rapid and inventive progresses in low-power design. The most effective technique is adiabatic logic circuit design in energy-efficient hardware. This paper presents two adiabatic approaches for the design of low power circuits, modified positive feedback adiabatic logic (modified PFAL) and the other is direct current diode based positive feedback adiabatic logic (DC-DB PFAL). Logic gates are the preliminary components in any digital circuit design. By improving the performance of basic gates, one can improvise the whole system performance. In this paper proposed circuit design of the low power architecture of OR/NOR, AND/NAND, and XOR/XNOR gates are presented using the said approaches and their results are analyzed for powerdissipation, delay, power-delay-product and rise time and compared with the other adiabatic techniques along with the conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) designs reported in the literature. It has been found that the designs with DC-DB PFAL technique outperform with the percentage improvement of 65% for NOR gate and 7% for NAND gate and 34% for XNOR gate over the modified PFAL techniques at 10 MHz respectively.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.