The control of a DC-DC converter is usually done through an analog or digital circuit. In this work, we opted for a command controlled by a microcontroller. The PSM (Pulse Skipping Modulation) control is implemented by software instead of the conventional control based on an electrical circuit comprising logic gates and an external clock. The control program, implanted on a microcontroller dsPIC is translated directly from a diagram realized under SIMULINK using the tool MPLAB SIMULINK BLOCKSET. The use of the ISIS / Proteus simulator allowed us to compare the simulation results obtained from MATLAB and the practical electrical circuit of the converter and its simulated control under ISIS / Proteus.
SIMULATION OF A BUCK CONVERTER CONTROLLER BASED ON A HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE PS...AM Publications
A DC-DC converter is often controlled by a circuit based on analog electronic components and logic gates. In this study we will compare the control of the converter provided by an electrical circuit based on conventional electronic components and a control provided by a programmable circuit. The control mode chosen is the pulse skipping modulation mode (PSM). It is a relatively simple and easily programmable mode. The controlled DC-DC converter is a Buck converter. The control program, implanted on a microcontroller dsPIC is translated directly from a diagram realized under SIMULINK using the tool MPLAB SIMULINK BLOCKSET for MATLAB. The use of the ISIS/Proteus simulator allowed us to compare the simulation results obtained from the hardware control and those obtained from the software control.
Common Mode Voltage reduction in Diode Clamped MLI using Alternative Phase Op...Mohd Esa
The main objective of this paper is to reduce the Common Mode Voltage (CMV) in the Diode Clamped Multilevel Inverter (DCMLI).Three phase Y-connected RL load is connected to DCMLI. The common mode voltage exists between neutral point of Y-connected load and system ground.CMV causes premature failure of bearings of induction motor and is essential to reduce. In this paper, Alternative Phase Opposition Disposition SPWM technique is used to reduce common mode voltage. Two level, five level, seven level and nine level DCMLI are compared in terms of THD and CMV.The effect of a passive LC filter on THD was studied. The simulation of circuit is carried out by using MATLAB/Simulink. Simulation result portrays reduction in THD and CMV by using APOD-SPWM controlled higher level Inverters.
Linear induction motors offer the possibility to perform a direct linear motion without the nead of mechanical rotary to linear motion transformers. The main problem when controlling this kind of motors is the existence of indesirable behaviours such as end effect and parameter variations, which makes obtaining a precise plant model very complicated. This paper proposes an adaptive backstepping control technique with integral action based on lyapunov stability approach, which can guarantee the convergence of position tracking error to zero despite of parameter uncertainties and external load disturbance. Parameter adaptation laws are designed to estimate mover mass, viscous friction coefficient and load disturbance, which are assumed to be unknown constant parameters; as a result the compensation of their negative effect on control design system. The performance of the proposed control design was tested through simulation. The numerical validation results have shown good performance compared to the conventional backstepping controller and proved the robustness of the proposed controller against parameter variations and load disturbance.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
CMV analysis of 5-level Cascaded H-Bridge MLI with equal and unequal DC sourc...Mohd Esa
This paper, investigates the Common Mode Voltage (CMV)between neutral point of the star connected RL load and system ground.CMV also known as zero sequence voltage results in adverse effects like bearing currents, shaft voltages and electromagnetic interference.CMV also causes premature failure of bearings of induction motor and is necessary to reduce. In this paper, Variable Frequency Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (VFSPWM) techniques are used to investigate CMV in Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter (CHB-MLI). Comparison of 5-level CHB-MLI with equal and unequal DC sources in terms of CMV is also presented. Simulation of circuit is carried out in MATLAB environment.
This document presents a comparative investigation of a 7-level cascaded multilevel inverter using different multicarrier pulse width modulation techniques. It discusses the classification, operation, and modulation strategies of multilevel inverters including diode clamped, flying capacitor, and cascaded H-bridge topologies. Simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink are presented to analyze the total harmonic distortion for a 7-level cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter using phase disposition, alternate phase opposition disposition, and phase opposition disposition pulse width modulation techniques. The research aims to improve the output waveform quality and reduce switching losses of the 7-level inverter.
A Novel Hybrid Negative Half Cycle Biased Modulation Scheme for Cascaded Mult...IJPEDS-IAES
This paper proposes a new Modified hybrid modulation scheme for cascaded multilevel inverter. The proposed method employs novel single carrier sinusoidal pulse width modulation with its negative cycle biased (HNHCBM) for reducing switching losses when compared to other sinusoidal modulation methods using a hybrid scheme. This scheme is a derivative of various single carrier sinusoidal pulse width modulation scheme and main advantages are reduced harmonics, enhanced output voltage, reduced power loss in the series cells and ease of implementation. The simulation results are analysed with matlab/simulink and compared with experimental results obtained using 5-level inverter and the results are summarized.
IRJET - Comparison of Different Third Harmonic Injected PWM Strategies for 5-...IRJET Journal
This document compares three third harmonic injected PWM strategies for controlling a 5-level diode clamped inverter: THI-IPD, THI-APOD, and THI-POD. It discusses the inverter topology, describes how a third harmonic is added to the reference signal to increase the fundamental component, and outlines the three modulation strategies. Simulation and experimental results are presented to compare the performance of the strategies in terms of output voltage quality.
SIMULATION OF A BUCK CONVERTER CONTROLLER BASED ON A HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE PS...AM Publications
A DC-DC converter is often controlled by a circuit based on analog electronic components and logic gates. In this study we will compare the control of the converter provided by an electrical circuit based on conventional electronic components and a control provided by a programmable circuit. The control mode chosen is the pulse skipping modulation mode (PSM). It is a relatively simple and easily programmable mode. The controlled DC-DC converter is a Buck converter. The control program, implanted on a microcontroller dsPIC is translated directly from a diagram realized under SIMULINK using the tool MPLAB SIMULINK BLOCKSET for MATLAB. The use of the ISIS/Proteus simulator allowed us to compare the simulation results obtained from the hardware control and those obtained from the software control.
Common Mode Voltage reduction in Diode Clamped MLI using Alternative Phase Op...Mohd Esa
The main objective of this paper is to reduce the Common Mode Voltage (CMV) in the Diode Clamped Multilevel Inverter (DCMLI).Three phase Y-connected RL load is connected to DCMLI. The common mode voltage exists between neutral point of Y-connected load and system ground.CMV causes premature failure of bearings of induction motor and is essential to reduce. In this paper, Alternative Phase Opposition Disposition SPWM technique is used to reduce common mode voltage. Two level, five level, seven level and nine level DCMLI are compared in terms of THD and CMV.The effect of a passive LC filter on THD was studied. The simulation of circuit is carried out by using MATLAB/Simulink. Simulation result portrays reduction in THD and CMV by using APOD-SPWM controlled higher level Inverters.
Linear induction motors offer the possibility to perform a direct linear motion without the nead of mechanical rotary to linear motion transformers. The main problem when controlling this kind of motors is the existence of indesirable behaviours such as end effect and parameter variations, which makes obtaining a precise plant model very complicated. This paper proposes an adaptive backstepping control technique with integral action based on lyapunov stability approach, which can guarantee the convergence of position tracking error to zero despite of parameter uncertainties and external load disturbance. Parameter adaptation laws are designed to estimate mover mass, viscous friction coefficient and load disturbance, which are assumed to be unknown constant parameters; as a result the compensation of their negative effect on control design system. The performance of the proposed control design was tested through simulation. The numerical validation results have shown good performance compared to the conventional backstepping controller and proved the robustness of the proposed controller against parameter variations and load disturbance.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
CMV analysis of 5-level Cascaded H-Bridge MLI with equal and unequal DC sourc...Mohd Esa
This paper, investigates the Common Mode Voltage (CMV)between neutral point of the star connected RL load and system ground.CMV also known as zero sequence voltage results in adverse effects like bearing currents, shaft voltages and electromagnetic interference.CMV also causes premature failure of bearings of induction motor and is necessary to reduce. In this paper, Variable Frequency Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (VFSPWM) techniques are used to investigate CMV in Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter (CHB-MLI). Comparison of 5-level CHB-MLI with equal and unequal DC sources in terms of CMV is also presented. Simulation of circuit is carried out in MATLAB environment.
This document presents a comparative investigation of a 7-level cascaded multilevel inverter using different multicarrier pulse width modulation techniques. It discusses the classification, operation, and modulation strategies of multilevel inverters including diode clamped, flying capacitor, and cascaded H-bridge topologies. Simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink are presented to analyze the total harmonic distortion for a 7-level cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter using phase disposition, alternate phase opposition disposition, and phase opposition disposition pulse width modulation techniques. The research aims to improve the output waveform quality and reduce switching losses of the 7-level inverter.
A Novel Hybrid Negative Half Cycle Biased Modulation Scheme for Cascaded Mult...IJPEDS-IAES
This paper proposes a new Modified hybrid modulation scheme for cascaded multilevel inverter. The proposed method employs novel single carrier sinusoidal pulse width modulation with its negative cycle biased (HNHCBM) for reducing switching losses when compared to other sinusoidal modulation methods using a hybrid scheme. This scheme is a derivative of various single carrier sinusoidal pulse width modulation scheme and main advantages are reduced harmonics, enhanced output voltage, reduced power loss in the series cells and ease of implementation. The simulation results are analysed with matlab/simulink and compared with experimental results obtained using 5-level inverter and the results are summarized.
IRJET - Comparison of Different Third Harmonic Injected PWM Strategies for 5-...IRJET Journal
This document compares three third harmonic injected PWM strategies for controlling a 5-level diode clamped inverter: THI-IPD, THI-APOD, and THI-POD. It discusses the inverter topology, describes how a third harmonic is added to the reference signal to increase the fundamental component, and outlines the three modulation strategies. Simulation and experimental results are presented to compare the performance of the strategies in terms of output voltage quality.
A Overlapping Carrier Based SPWM for a 5-Level Cascaded H-bridge Multilevel I...IJPEDS-IAES
This paper proposes a switching control for a cascaded H-bridge inverter
structure with reduced switches which is used to improve the THD
performance of a single phase five level CHB MLI. The multi level inverter
is simulated for the conventional carrier overlapping APOD and the proposed
carrier overlapping APOD pulse width modulation (PWM) switching control
technique. The total harmonic distortion (THD) of the output voltages are
observed for both PWM control techniques. The performance of the
symmetric CHB MLI is simulated using MATLAB/Simulink. It is observed
that the proposed carrier overlapping APODPWM provides output with
relatively low THD as compared to the conventional carrier overlapping
APODPWM.
Compact low power high slew-rate cmos buffer amplifier with power gating tech...VLSICS Design
A qualitative analysis of different parameters such as Phase noise, Slew rate and tranconductance by using
power gating reduction technique is presented. The circuit achieves the large driving capability by
employing simple comparators to sense the transients of the input to turn on the output stages, which are
statically off in the stable state. The effect of the different number of transistors and their topologies on the
phase noise and Slew rate is analyzed. Good agreement between qualitative and quantitative measurements
is observed. Scope of reducing of Noise and avoidance of Leakage due to various sources is discussed.
Dual inverter fed induction motor drives provide more advantages in contrast with other multilevel inverter drives. Coupled PWM techniques provide good standard of output voltage than the decoupled PWM techniques for dual inverter configuration. In this paper analysis of open end winding induction motor by coupled random PWM signals and decoupled SVPWM signals was carried out. Induction motor by random PWM technique generate low acoustic noise and electromagnetic interference to near by systems. The performance evaluation of the drive wss implemented in MATLAB/simulink and the results were presented.
This document introduces programmable logic controllers (PLCs) and their configuration procedure. It begins with a brief history of PLCs and their advantages over traditional hardwired control systems. The key components of a PLC including the power supply, central processing unit, input/output modules, and programming devices are described. The five most common PLC programming languages - ladder logic, sequential function charts, function block diagram, structured text, and instruction list - are also outlined. The document concludes with step-by-step instructions for creating a project in IndraWorks engineering software to configure a PLC.
Harmonic Analysis of Three level Flying Capacitor InverterMohd Esa
The aim of this paper is to determine the Total harmonic distortion (THD) of three phase three level flying capacitor inverter fed star connected R-L load. The modulation Techniques used is Phase Disposition Sinusoidal pulse width modulation (PD-SPWM) and Phase Opposition Disposition Sinusoidal pulse width modulation (POD-SPWM).The Modulation index is varied to analyze its effect on Current THD and Voltage THD.This paper also presents the comparison of PD-SPWM and POD-SPWM controlled Flying capacitor Inverter in terms of THD. The simulation result shows that PD-SPWM has better performance when compared to POD-SPWM. The simulation of circuit is done by using MATLAB/Simulink.
This document describes a direct torque control (DTC) scheme for an induction motor that uses a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) to reduce torque ripples. The DTC controls the motor torque and flux by selecting inverter voltage vectors. Typically this results in torque ripples. The FLC is designed to adaptively adjust the bandwidth of the torque hysteresis controller based on changes in motor torque and current over time. This helps minimize torque ripples and improve dynamic response. Simulation results using MATLAB/Simulink confirm that the FLC-based DTC scheme effectively controls the induction motor with reduced torque ripples compared to conventional DTC.
Comparing of switching frequency on vector controlled asynchronous motorijscai
Nowadays, asynchronous motors have wide range use in many industrial applications. Field oriented
control (FOC) and direct torque control (DTC) are commonly used methods in high performance vector
control for asynchronous motors. Therefore, it is very important to identify clearly advantages and
disadvantages of both systems in the selection of appropriate control methods for many industrial
applications. This paper aims to present a new and different perspective regarding the comparison of the
switching behaviours on the FOC and the DTC drivers. For this purpose, the experimental studies have
been carried out to compare the inverter switching frequencies and torque responses of the asynchronous
motor in the FOC and the DTC systems under different working conditions. The dSPACE 1103 controller
board was programmed with Matlab/Simulink software. As expected, the experimental studies showed that
the FOC controlled motors has a lessened torque ripple. On the other hand, the FOC controlled motor
switching frequency has about 65-75% more than the DTC controlled under both loaded and unloaded
working conditions
ENHANCEMENT OF FUNDAMENTAL RMS OUTPUT VOLTAGE OF 5-LEVEL CASCADED H-BRIDGE MU...IAEME Publication
Cascaded H-bridge Multilevel Inverter (CHBMLI) is the most suitable topology for the PV power converters. In this paper an effort has been made to increase the performance of CHBMLI by improving the fundamental Root Mean Square (RMS) value of the output voltage. This work proposes a Modified Multi Carrier PWM (MMCPWM) technique where, reference sine wave has been replaced by ellipse wave, resulting in enhanced performances on the fundamental rms output voltage and lower Total Harmonic Distortion (THD). Analysis of single phase 5-level CHBMLI with and without load are carried for the different Multi Carrier PWM (MCPWM) techniques.
A New Proposal for OFCC-based Instrumentation AmplifierYayah Zakaria
This contribution puts forward a new voltage mode instrumentation amplifier (VMIA) based on operational floating current conveyor (OFCC). It presents high impedance at input terminals and provides output at low impedance making the proposal ideal for voltage mode operation. The proposed VMIA
architecture has two stages - the first stage comprises of two OFCCs to sense input voltages and coverts the voltage difference to current while the second stage has single OFCC that converts the current to voltage. In addition it employs two resistors to provide gain and imposes no condition on the values
of resistors. The behavior of the proposed structure is also analyzed for OFCC non idealities namely finite transimpedance and tracking error. The proposal is verified through SPICE simulations using CMOS based schematic of OFCC. Experimental results, by bread boarding it using commercially available IC AD844, are also included.
Performance Evaluation of a Three Phase Nine Level Inverter with Reduced Swit...Scientific Review
This paper presents a three phase nine level cascaded H-bridge (CHB) multilevel inverter with RL load. A sinusoidal and trapezoidal PWM method is used to achieve minimum total harmonics distortion (THD) in the output current of multilevel inverters. The analysis of the output current harmonics is carried out and compared with the seven level conventional cascaded H-bridge inverters. The proposed inverter is verified through simulation and the simulation results are compared with the conventional multilevel inverter. From the result the proposed inverter offers much less total harmonic distortion.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Improved performance with fractional order control for asymmetrical cascaded ...journalBEEI
This document discusses improving the performance of an asymmetrical cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter (ACHBMLI) using fractional order control. A fractional order PID (FO-PID) controller is designed for a seven-level ACHBMLI using a simplified small signal model. Simulation results show the FO-PID controller maintains the output voltage closer to the reference voltage and reduces harmonic distortion compared to a conventional PID controller. The FO-PID controller provides improved robustness over a conventional PID controller for the ACHBMLI.
Constant Frequency Torque Controller for DTC with Multilevel Inverter of Indu...IJPEDS-IAES
Direct Torque Control using multilevel inverter (DTC-MLI) with hysteresis
controller suffers from high torque and flux ripple and variable switching
frequency. In this paper, a constant frequency torque controller is proposed to
enhance the DTC-MLI performance. The operational concepts of the
constant switching frequency torque controller of a DTC-MLI system
followed by the simulation results and analysis are presented. The proposed
system significantly improves the DTC drive in terms of dynamic
performance, smaller torque and flux ripple, and retains a constant switching
frequency.
Decoupled Inverter Fed - Open end Winding Induction Motor Drive for Three Le...IJMER
An open-end winding induction motor, fed by two 2-level inverters connected at either end
produces space vector locations, identical to those of a conventional 3-level inverter. In this paper, two
switching algorithms are proposed to implement space vector PWM for the dual inverter scheme. The
proposed algorithms do not employ any look-up tables. The time consuming task of sector identification
is altogether avoided in both these algorithms. The proposed algorithms employ only the instantaneous
reference phase voltages for the implementation of the space vector PWM. An equal switching duty for
both the inverters is also ensured with one of the proposed PWM strategies. Also, it is observed that the
speed torque and voltages in motor phases is significantly reduced with the proposed PWM strategies.
This document describes a student project to create a prototype metro train that operates without a driver. It uses a microcontroller to control a stepper motor and LCD display. The project simulates a train traveling between 3 stations, displaying messages at each stop. It is intended to demonstrate the technology behind driverless trains used in some countries.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Experimental Validation of Shared Inverter Topology to Drive Multi AC-Loads IJECEIAES
Many reduced-switch-count (RSC) inverter topologies have been proposed in the literature. As the number of switches required to produce a set of voltages in RSC inverters are less than that in conventional inverter, as a result utilizing RSC inverters in a certain system reduces its size and cost. In this paper, a novel RSC shared inverter topology consisting of fifteen switches and capable of driving four three-phase AC-loads independently is proposed and experimentally verified. A carrier-based pulse width modulation (PWM) technique that employs the zero-sequence-signal injection principle is developed to drive the proposed inverter along with adequate DC voltage bus utilization between the shared loads for common frequency (CF) as well as different frequency (DF) modes. The structure and the principle of operation of the proposed inverter are introduced and intensively verified using simulation and field-programmable-gate-array (FPGA)-in-the-loop simulation under linear and nonlinear loads. Then, Inverter prototype was built and the proposed inverter has been verified experimentally. The experimental results verify the applicability of the proposed inverter and the employed PWM.
Closed Loop Simulation and Implementation of Digital Integral Control of Sy...IRJET Journal
1) The document describes the closed-loop simulation and implementation of a digital integral controller for a synchronous buck converter.
2) A synchronous buck converter uses two MOSFET switches instead of a diode and switch to improve efficiency. It was modeled and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink.
3) The digital controller uses an ADC, digital compensator, and DPWM to regulate the output voltage against input voltage and load current variations. Simulation results show the converter steps down the input voltage as expected.
The document summarizes a research paper that proposes using an artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm to optimally place static var compensators (SVCs) in a power system to improve the voltage profile. The ABC algorithm is used to solve a multi-objective optimization problem to determine the optimal SVC location and size. The objectives are to minimize fuel costs, transmission losses, voltage deviations, and line flow limits. The algorithm is tested on the IEEE 30-bus test system and is able to improve the voltage profile compared to an optimal power flow without SVCs.
A LOW VOLTAGE DYNAMIC SYNCHRONOUS DC-DC BUCK-BOOST CONVERTER FOUR SWITCHES P singh
This paper presents the design and modeling of synchronous DC-DC buck-boost converter four switches controlled with PID controller for mobiles devices applications. The design of the converter circuit needs modeling and simulating its mathematical equations using MATLAB/SIMULINK. The evaluation of the output performance has been based on dynamic respond in term of rise time, settling time and peak time. Also the goal of the designer is regulated the output voltage to 3.24 regardless the variation of the input voltage, with input voltage [2.5V-5V] and switching frequency is 50 MHz. The converter is operated in Buck (step-down) and Boost (step-up) modes.
The document discusses multilevel inverters and their advantages over traditional inverters. It describes that multilevel inverters produce stepped AC signals that reduce harmonics. There are three main topologies discussed - diode clamped, flying capacitor, and cascaded H-bridge inverters. Diode clamped inverters use capacitors between DC links to create voltage levels, while flying capacitor uses capacitors instead of diodes. Cascaded H-bridge uses separate DC sources and single-phase H-bridge inverters to synthesize voltage waves. Total harmonic distortion is a key metric for inverter output quality, with multilevel inverters producing less distortion than traditional designs.
The proposed work comprises of an MPPT controlled Photovoltaic (PV) source, in conjunction with a supercapacitor, cascaded with a Sliding Mode Controlled (SMC) Inverter, supplying variable linear and nonlinear loads. The effects of varying solar irradiation and its intermittency have been effectively managed by the MPPT controlled boost converter and charge controlled supercapacitor respectively. The charge controller bucks and boosts the terminal voltage and realizes the power flow in a bidirectional manner. Seamless action has been obtained by the proposed model under varying irradiation and for varying load conditions. The performance of the SMC controlled Inverter, when compared with a PI controlled Inverter, has been found to be superior in terms of power quality and robustness of the supply system.
A Overlapping Carrier Based SPWM for a 5-Level Cascaded H-bridge Multilevel I...IJPEDS-IAES
This paper proposes a switching control for a cascaded H-bridge inverter
structure with reduced switches which is used to improve the THD
performance of a single phase five level CHB MLI. The multi level inverter
is simulated for the conventional carrier overlapping APOD and the proposed
carrier overlapping APOD pulse width modulation (PWM) switching control
technique. The total harmonic distortion (THD) of the output voltages are
observed for both PWM control techniques. The performance of the
symmetric CHB MLI is simulated using MATLAB/Simulink. It is observed
that the proposed carrier overlapping APODPWM provides output with
relatively low THD as compared to the conventional carrier overlapping
APODPWM.
Compact low power high slew-rate cmos buffer amplifier with power gating tech...VLSICS Design
A qualitative analysis of different parameters such as Phase noise, Slew rate and tranconductance by using
power gating reduction technique is presented. The circuit achieves the large driving capability by
employing simple comparators to sense the transients of the input to turn on the output stages, which are
statically off in the stable state. The effect of the different number of transistors and their topologies on the
phase noise and Slew rate is analyzed. Good agreement between qualitative and quantitative measurements
is observed. Scope of reducing of Noise and avoidance of Leakage due to various sources is discussed.
Dual inverter fed induction motor drives provide more advantages in contrast with other multilevel inverter drives. Coupled PWM techniques provide good standard of output voltage than the decoupled PWM techniques for dual inverter configuration. In this paper analysis of open end winding induction motor by coupled random PWM signals and decoupled SVPWM signals was carried out. Induction motor by random PWM technique generate low acoustic noise and electromagnetic interference to near by systems. The performance evaluation of the drive wss implemented in MATLAB/simulink and the results were presented.
This document introduces programmable logic controllers (PLCs) and their configuration procedure. It begins with a brief history of PLCs and their advantages over traditional hardwired control systems. The key components of a PLC including the power supply, central processing unit, input/output modules, and programming devices are described. The five most common PLC programming languages - ladder logic, sequential function charts, function block diagram, structured text, and instruction list - are also outlined. The document concludes with step-by-step instructions for creating a project in IndraWorks engineering software to configure a PLC.
Harmonic Analysis of Three level Flying Capacitor InverterMohd Esa
The aim of this paper is to determine the Total harmonic distortion (THD) of three phase three level flying capacitor inverter fed star connected R-L load. The modulation Techniques used is Phase Disposition Sinusoidal pulse width modulation (PD-SPWM) and Phase Opposition Disposition Sinusoidal pulse width modulation (POD-SPWM).The Modulation index is varied to analyze its effect on Current THD and Voltage THD.This paper also presents the comparison of PD-SPWM and POD-SPWM controlled Flying capacitor Inverter in terms of THD. The simulation result shows that PD-SPWM has better performance when compared to POD-SPWM. The simulation of circuit is done by using MATLAB/Simulink.
This document describes a direct torque control (DTC) scheme for an induction motor that uses a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) to reduce torque ripples. The DTC controls the motor torque and flux by selecting inverter voltage vectors. Typically this results in torque ripples. The FLC is designed to adaptively adjust the bandwidth of the torque hysteresis controller based on changes in motor torque and current over time. This helps minimize torque ripples and improve dynamic response. Simulation results using MATLAB/Simulink confirm that the FLC-based DTC scheme effectively controls the induction motor with reduced torque ripples compared to conventional DTC.
Comparing of switching frequency on vector controlled asynchronous motorijscai
Nowadays, asynchronous motors have wide range use in many industrial applications. Field oriented
control (FOC) and direct torque control (DTC) are commonly used methods in high performance vector
control for asynchronous motors. Therefore, it is very important to identify clearly advantages and
disadvantages of both systems in the selection of appropriate control methods for many industrial
applications. This paper aims to present a new and different perspective regarding the comparison of the
switching behaviours on the FOC and the DTC drivers. For this purpose, the experimental studies have
been carried out to compare the inverter switching frequencies and torque responses of the asynchronous
motor in the FOC and the DTC systems under different working conditions. The dSPACE 1103 controller
board was programmed with Matlab/Simulink software. As expected, the experimental studies showed that
the FOC controlled motors has a lessened torque ripple. On the other hand, the FOC controlled motor
switching frequency has about 65-75% more than the DTC controlled under both loaded and unloaded
working conditions
ENHANCEMENT OF FUNDAMENTAL RMS OUTPUT VOLTAGE OF 5-LEVEL CASCADED H-BRIDGE MU...IAEME Publication
Cascaded H-bridge Multilevel Inverter (CHBMLI) is the most suitable topology for the PV power converters. In this paper an effort has been made to increase the performance of CHBMLI by improving the fundamental Root Mean Square (RMS) value of the output voltage. This work proposes a Modified Multi Carrier PWM (MMCPWM) technique where, reference sine wave has been replaced by ellipse wave, resulting in enhanced performances on the fundamental rms output voltage and lower Total Harmonic Distortion (THD). Analysis of single phase 5-level CHBMLI with and without load are carried for the different Multi Carrier PWM (MCPWM) techniques.
A New Proposal for OFCC-based Instrumentation AmplifierYayah Zakaria
This contribution puts forward a new voltage mode instrumentation amplifier (VMIA) based on operational floating current conveyor (OFCC). It presents high impedance at input terminals and provides output at low impedance making the proposal ideal for voltage mode operation. The proposed VMIA
architecture has two stages - the first stage comprises of two OFCCs to sense input voltages and coverts the voltage difference to current while the second stage has single OFCC that converts the current to voltage. In addition it employs two resistors to provide gain and imposes no condition on the values
of resistors. The behavior of the proposed structure is also analyzed for OFCC non idealities namely finite transimpedance and tracking error. The proposal is verified through SPICE simulations using CMOS based schematic of OFCC. Experimental results, by bread boarding it using commercially available IC AD844, are also included.
Performance Evaluation of a Three Phase Nine Level Inverter with Reduced Swit...Scientific Review
This paper presents a three phase nine level cascaded H-bridge (CHB) multilevel inverter with RL load. A sinusoidal and trapezoidal PWM method is used to achieve minimum total harmonics distortion (THD) in the output current of multilevel inverters. The analysis of the output current harmonics is carried out and compared with the seven level conventional cascaded H-bridge inverters. The proposed inverter is verified through simulation and the simulation results are compared with the conventional multilevel inverter. From the result the proposed inverter offers much less total harmonic distortion.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Improved performance with fractional order control for asymmetrical cascaded ...journalBEEI
This document discusses improving the performance of an asymmetrical cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter (ACHBMLI) using fractional order control. A fractional order PID (FO-PID) controller is designed for a seven-level ACHBMLI using a simplified small signal model. Simulation results show the FO-PID controller maintains the output voltage closer to the reference voltage and reduces harmonic distortion compared to a conventional PID controller. The FO-PID controller provides improved robustness over a conventional PID controller for the ACHBMLI.
Constant Frequency Torque Controller for DTC with Multilevel Inverter of Indu...IJPEDS-IAES
Direct Torque Control using multilevel inverter (DTC-MLI) with hysteresis
controller suffers from high torque and flux ripple and variable switching
frequency. In this paper, a constant frequency torque controller is proposed to
enhance the DTC-MLI performance. The operational concepts of the
constant switching frequency torque controller of a DTC-MLI system
followed by the simulation results and analysis are presented. The proposed
system significantly improves the DTC drive in terms of dynamic
performance, smaller torque and flux ripple, and retains a constant switching
frequency.
Decoupled Inverter Fed - Open end Winding Induction Motor Drive for Three Le...IJMER
An open-end winding induction motor, fed by two 2-level inverters connected at either end
produces space vector locations, identical to those of a conventional 3-level inverter. In this paper, two
switching algorithms are proposed to implement space vector PWM for the dual inverter scheme. The
proposed algorithms do not employ any look-up tables. The time consuming task of sector identification
is altogether avoided in both these algorithms. The proposed algorithms employ only the instantaneous
reference phase voltages for the implementation of the space vector PWM. An equal switching duty for
both the inverters is also ensured with one of the proposed PWM strategies. Also, it is observed that the
speed torque and voltages in motor phases is significantly reduced with the proposed PWM strategies.
This document describes a student project to create a prototype metro train that operates without a driver. It uses a microcontroller to control a stepper motor and LCD display. The project simulates a train traveling between 3 stations, displaying messages at each stop. It is intended to demonstrate the technology behind driverless trains used in some countries.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Experimental Validation of Shared Inverter Topology to Drive Multi AC-Loads IJECEIAES
Many reduced-switch-count (RSC) inverter topologies have been proposed in the literature. As the number of switches required to produce a set of voltages in RSC inverters are less than that in conventional inverter, as a result utilizing RSC inverters in a certain system reduces its size and cost. In this paper, a novel RSC shared inverter topology consisting of fifteen switches and capable of driving four three-phase AC-loads independently is proposed and experimentally verified. A carrier-based pulse width modulation (PWM) technique that employs the zero-sequence-signal injection principle is developed to drive the proposed inverter along with adequate DC voltage bus utilization between the shared loads for common frequency (CF) as well as different frequency (DF) modes. The structure and the principle of operation of the proposed inverter are introduced and intensively verified using simulation and field-programmable-gate-array (FPGA)-in-the-loop simulation under linear and nonlinear loads. Then, Inverter prototype was built and the proposed inverter has been verified experimentally. The experimental results verify the applicability of the proposed inverter and the employed PWM.
Closed Loop Simulation and Implementation of Digital Integral Control of Sy...IRJET Journal
1) The document describes the closed-loop simulation and implementation of a digital integral controller for a synchronous buck converter.
2) A synchronous buck converter uses two MOSFET switches instead of a diode and switch to improve efficiency. It was modeled and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink.
3) The digital controller uses an ADC, digital compensator, and DPWM to regulate the output voltage against input voltage and load current variations. Simulation results show the converter steps down the input voltage as expected.
The document summarizes a research paper that proposes using an artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm to optimally place static var compensators (SVCs) in a power system to improve the voltage profile. The ABC algorithm is used to solve a multi-objective optimization problem to determine the optimal SVC location and size. The objectives are to minimize fuel costs, transmission losses, voltage deviations, and line flow limits. The algorithm is tested on the IEEE 30-bus test system and is able to improve the voltage profile compared to an optimal power flow without SVCs.
A LOW VOLTAGE DYNAMIC SYNCHRONOUS DC-DC BUCK-BOOST CONVERTER FOUR SWITCHES P singh
This paper presents the design and modeling of synchronous DC-DC buck-boost converter four switches controlled with PID controller for mobiles devices applications. The design of the converter circuit needs modeling and simulating its mathematical equations using MATLAB/SIMULINK. The evaluation of the output performance has been based on dynamic respond in term of rise time, settling time and peak time. Also the goal of the designer is regulated the output voltage to 3.24 regardless the variation of the input voltage, with input voltage [2.5V-5V] and switching frequency is 50 MHz. The converter is operated in Buck (step-down) and Boost (step-up) modes.
The document discusses multilevel inverters and their advantages over traditional inverters. It describes that multilevel inverters produce stepped AC signals that reduce harmonics. There are three main topologies discussed - diode clamped, flying capacitor, and cascaded H-bridge inverters. Diode clamped inverters use capacitors between DC links to create voltage levels, while flying capacitor uses capacitors instead of diodes. Cascaded H-bridge uses separate DC sources and single-phase H-bridge inverters to synthesize voltage waves. Total harmonic distortion is a key metric for inverter output quality, with multilevel inverters producing less distortion than traditional designs.
The proposed work comprises of an MPPT controlled Photovoltaic (PV) source, in conjunction with a supercapacitor, cascaded with a Sliding Mode Controlled (SMC) Inverter, supplying variable linear and nonlinear loads. The effects of varying solar irradiation and its intermittency have been effectively managed by the MPPT controlled boost converter and charge controlled supercapacitor respectively. The charge controller bucks and boosts the terminal voltage and realizes the power flow in a bidirectional manner. Seamless action has been obtained by the proposed model under varying irradiation and for varying load conditions. The performance of the SMC controlled Inverter, when compared with a PI controlled Inverter, has been found to be superior in terms of power quality and robustness of the supply system.
Correlative Study on the Modeling and Control of Boost Converter using Advanc...IJSRD
DC-DC converters are switched power converters. The converters are most widely used in research and industrial applications. The DC-DC Boost Converters are used to step-up the supply voltage given to the plant model. The main advantage of using the Boost Converters is that it works in the low voltage according to the design specifications. In order to regulate the uncontrolled supply of voltage, a controller has to be designed and modeled to stabilize the output voltage. Since the convectional controllers cannot work under dynamic operating conditions, advanced controllers are to be designed to overcome the problems. In this article, the advanced controllers such as NARMA-L2, Fuzzy Logic (FLC) and Sliding Mode Controllers (SMC) are implemented and their responses are compared using MATLAB.
IRJET- dsPIC based Implementation of Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation Techni...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the implementation of sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) techniques for controlling multilevel inverters using a microcontroller. It begins by introducing multilevel inverters and some of their advantages over traditional two-level inverters. It then discusses different SPWM techniques like phase disposition PWM and how they have traditionally been implemented using analog circuits. However, implementing these techniques digitally using a microcontroller presents challenges due to limitations in the number of PWM modules and input/output pins. The document proposes a method for digitally implementing phase disposition and other SPWM techniques by sampling the reference sinusoidal waveform and comparing it to a single carrier waveform generated by the microcontroller in different regions to emulate the behavior of the
IRJET- dsPIC based Implementation of Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation Techni...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the digital implementation of sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) techniques for controlling multilevel inverters using a microcontroller. It presents four SPWM techniques - phase disposition, phase opposition disposition, alternate phase opposition disposition, and inverted phase disposition - and how they can be realized digitally by fragmenting and shifting a reference sinusoidal wave in the microcontroller. Simulation and experimental results validating a five-level cascaded H-bridge inverter controlled by these SPWM techniques using a dsPIC microcontroller are also presented, including the total harmonic distortion achieved with each method.
[9_CV] FCS-Model Predictive Control of Induction Motors feed by MultilLevel C...Nam Thanh
Ha Thanh Vo, Nam Thanh Hoang, Phuong Hoang Vu, Minh Trong Tran, Dich Quang Nguyen, “FCS-Model Predictive Control of Induction Motors feed by MultilLevel Casaded H-Bridge Inverter”, RCEEE-2018.
This paper proposes a new voltage frequency converter (VFC) that converts both voltage and frequency to the required level of voltage and frequency in low voltage networks used in various countries. The proposed converter could be used as a universal power supply for sensitive AC loads. The converter is composed of, input voltage and frequency detection circuitry, full bridge boost rectifier and a DC to AC inverter. In addition, to improve the feasibility and performance of the converter, synchronous reference based PI (SRFPI) controller is adopted, where the system behaves similar to a DC-DC converter. The parameter selection of PI controller is done using a recent optimisation technique called Lightning Search Algorithm (LSA). The simulation of VFC is conducted in MATLAB/Simulink environment. The simulation results shows that LSA based PI controller provides better output voltage regulation with respect to the reference value under various load and input conditions.
This document summarizes a study that uses Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy logic control as a speed controller for indirect field oriented control of an induction motor drive. The study builds a simulation model of indirect field oriented control for an induction motor in MATLAB Simulink. Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy logic is then applied as the speed controller using error and derivative error as inputs and change of torque command as the output. Simulation results show zero overshoot, a rise time of 0.4 seconds, and a settling time of 0.4 seconds. The steady state error is 0.01% indicating the speed can accurately follow the reference speed. The fuzzy logic controller provides effective speed control for the induction motor drive.
In order to maximize the electric energy production of a photovoltaic generator (PVG), the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) methods are usually used in photovoltaic systems. The principle of these techniques is to operate the PVG to the maximum power point (MPP), which depends on the environmental factors, such as solar irradiance and ambient temperature, ensuring the optimal power transfer between PVG and load. In this paper, we present the implementation of two digital MPPT commands using the Arduino Mega type. The two proposed MPPT controls are based on the algorithm of perturb and observe (P&O), the first one with fixed perturbation step and the second one with two perturbations step varying with some conditions. The experimental results show that the P&O algorithm with variable step perturbation gives good results compared to the P&O algorithm with fixed perturbation step in terms of the time response and the oscillations around the MPP.
Design and Implementation of an Interface Circuit for DC Motor Speed Control ...Firas Mohammed Ali Al-Raie
The document describes the design and implementation of an interface circuit for controlling the speed of a DC motor using pulse width modulation (PWM) technique. The circuit uses a 555 timer chip to generate a PWM signal with variable pulse width to control the motor speed. Relays connected to the PC's parallel port are used to vary the pulse width by changing the timer's charging resistor, thereby controlling the motor speed in three levels. The circuit was successfully tested to demonstrate PWM-based speed control of a small DC motor via a computer program.
The aim of this paper is to determine the Total harmonic distortion (THD) of three phase three level flying capacitor inverter fed star connected R-L load. The modulation Techniques used is Phase Disposition Sinusoidal pulse width modulation (PD-SPWM) and Phase Opposition Disposition Sinusoidal pulse width modulation (POD-SPWM).The Modulation index is varied to analyze its effect on Current THD and Voltage THD.This paper also presents the comparison of PD-SPWM and POD-SPWM controlled Flying capacitor Inverter in terms of THD. The simulation result shows that PD-SPWM has better performance when compared to POD-SPWM. The simulation of circuit is done by using MATLAB/Simulink.
HARMONIC MITIGATION USING D STATCOM THROUGH A CURRENT CONTROL TECHNIQUEJournal For Research
The harmonic mitigation using shunt active filters are most widely used in industrial and commercial applications. In this paper a Multi-Level Inverter is considered as DSTATCOM to compensate harmonics. The mathematical modeling of the system and design of the controller using synchronous reference frame theory is also presented. The nonlinear load generally known as diode rectifier load and an unbalanced load is simulated with the system using MATLAB/SIMULINK.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Study and implementation of comparator in cmos 50 nm technologyeSAT Journals
Abstract This paper describes the comparator circuits used in FLASH Analog to digital converter (ADC). The performance of FLASH ADC is greatly influenced by the choice of comparator. In this paper, first a single ended “Threshold Inverter Quantizer” (TIQ) is presented. The TIQ comparator is based on a CMOS inverter cell, in which voltage transfer characteristics (VTC) are changed by systematic transistor sizing. However, TIQ comparator is very sensitive to power supply noise. Another comparator circuit presented in this paper is “Two stage open loop comparator”. It is implemented in 50 nm CMOS Technology. Pre-simulation of comparator is done in LT-Spice and post layout simulation is done in Microwind 3.1. Keywords: CMOS, Comparator, TIQ (Threshold Inverter Quantizer), LT-Spice.
Implementation of Space Vector PWM for Hybrid DSTATCOMIRJET Journal
This document discusses the implementation of space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) for a hybrid distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM). SVPWM is considered superior to other PWM techniques for DSTATCOM as it allows for better utilization of the DC bus voltage. The paper proposes a DSTATCOM topology using a three-phase voltage source inverter with an LCL filter. It describes the SVPWM technique which aims to generate the desired output voltage vector from the inverter's six active state vectors and two null state vectors. Simulation results show that SVPWM improves current compensation and reduces harmonic distortion compared to an uncompensated system.
Performance Improvement of Multi Level Inverter fed Vector Controlled Inducti...IJPEDS-IAES
In this paper, the analysis of space vector based multi level inverter (MLI) fed vector controlled induction motor drive for a low speed operation is presented. The performance of indirect field oriented controlled induction motor drive (IMD) is poor with two-level inverter for low speed operations (LSO). The reduction in performance and peak value of torque are mainly due to the non-linearity caused by stator voltage drop and inverter. Hence the performance factors of induction motor drive are analyzed with the multi level inverters under different operating conditions. In this approach, the steady state ripple content in the current and torque waveforms are reduced and that to ripple content of torque is reduced from 0.15 to 0.05 under steady state with five-level inverter. When there is a step change in the load torque, the momentary decrease in speed with five-level inverter is less when compared two and three-level inverters and the speed response reaches the reference value very quickly with five-level inverter during steady state and transient periods. So the overall performance of drive is improved with five- level inverter when compared to two-level and three- level inverters under low speed operations.
This document presents a controller design for a photovoltaic (PV) experimental bench using an active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) strategy supervised by a Labview created interface. A boost converter circuit is modeled, simulated in Power Simulator and Matlab Simulink, and implemented on an Arduino microcontroller board to maximize power extraction from a PV panel. Current and voltage sensors provide feedback to the ADRC controller, which adjusts the boost converter duty cycle. Simulation results show good agreement with experimental performance in terms of efficiency and robustness to changing conditions. A graphical user interface created in Labview allows real-time operation and supervision of the system.
Similar to SIMPLE AND FAST METHOD FOR DESIGNING A PROGRAMMABLE PSM MODE CONTROL OF A BUCK CONVERTER (20)
DEVELOPMENT OF TODDLER FAMILY CADRE TRAINING BASED ON ANDROID APPLICATIONS IN...AM Publications
Toddler family cadre is a community members work voluntarily in fostering and providing information to parents of toddlers about how to properly care for children. Toddler Family cadre desperately need training to increase their skills. There are still a few Toddler family cadres who get training so that the knowledge and skills of parents and other family members in developing toddlers' growth through physical stimulation, motoric intelligence, emotional and social economy as well as possible are still lacking. The purpose of this study is to develop an Android- assisted Toddler family cadre training model in Demak. This research is research in tian research and development. The research location was in Demak Regency. Toddler family cadres became the object of this research. Development of Toddler family cadre training models assisted by Android in Demak is feasible to be used as an effort to improve Toddler Family cadres' capabilities.
TESTING OF COMPOSITE ON DROP-WEIGHT IMPACT TESTING AND DAMAGE IDENTIFICATION ...AM Publications
In recent years the use of composite materials in structural components has become increasingly common in a wide range of engineering applications. Composite materials offer numerous advantages over more conventional materials because of their superior specific properties, but a serious obstacle to a more widespread use of these materials is their high sensitivity to localized impact loading. This paper presents an experimental study to assess the impact response of drop weight impact tests on fiber reinforced polymer composites with deferent load and damage identification of composite using Non-destructive testing techniques ultrasonic testing (UT) C scan. In the study includes checking the strength of the specimen, plotting of graphs between the height and the impact energy obtained and tabulating the results after conducting the various functional tests.
THE USE OF FRACTAL GEOMETRY IN TILING MOTIF DESIGNAM Publications
In this paper I will present the use of fractal geometry to design tile motifs. A fractal is a geometric figure that combines the several characteristics among others: its parts have the same form as the whole, fragmented, and formation by iteration. The concept of fractals has been spread over all fields of sciences, technology, and art. This paper aims to provide an algorithm to creating motifs of tile algorithm for create the tile motif consists of base, iteration, coloration and duplication. In order to help the reader better understand the algorithm, I will present some script using Matlab. We describe a mathematically based algorithm that can fill a spatial region with sequence of randomly placed which may be transformed copies of one motif or several motifs. By using this algorithm, I can produce thousand variety of aesthetically pleasing tile motifs, of which we show a number of examples.
TWO-DIMENSIONAL INVERSION FINITE ELEMENT MODELING OF MAGNETOTELLURIC DATA: CA...AM Publications
Two-dimensional resistivity analysis of magnetotelluric data has been done at “Z” geothermal area which is located in southern part of Indonesia. The objective is to understand subsurface structure beneath reasearch area based on 2-D modeling of magnetotelluric data. The inversion finite element method were used for numerical simulations which requires discretization on the boundary of the modeling domain. The modeling results of magnetotelluric data shows relativity structure dissemination: 0-10 ohm.m in a thickness of 1 km (Clay Cap), 10-100 ohm.m with 1-2 km depth respectively (reservoir zone), and on a scale of 100-1000 ohm.m in a depth of 2-3 km (heat source zone). The result of relativity structure can be used to delineate an area with geothermal prospect around 12 km2.
USING THE GENETIC ALGORITHM TO OPTIMIZE LASER WELDING PARAMETERS FOR MARTENSI...AM Publications
This document presents an optimization of laser welding parameters for martensitic stainless steel using a genetic algorithm. The algorithm aims to minimize the difference between the actual and desired weld size (width and depth) by optimizing laser power, welding speed, and fiber diameter. The genetic algorithm was run 10 times with a population of 30 over 200 iterations each time. The results showed errors between optimized and experimental values of less than 5% for the parameters. The study demonstrates that genetic algorithms can effectively optimize laser welding parameters to achieve a preset weld size.
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN E-MARKETPLACE FOR MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISESAM Publications
The Ministry of Cooperatives and Small and Medium Enterprises launched in 2018 the number of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia as many as 58.97 million people. It is predicted that the number of MSMEs players in 2019 will amount to 59.2 million. This shows that the Indonesian people have made changes in the field of family economics which initially as consumptive are now productive. The community prefers to carry out activities that can increase family income. Future MSMEs remain the mainstay of the national economy. In accordance with the government roadmap, in 2020 e-commerce transactions are predicted to reach Rp1,300 trillion or equivalent to USD130 billion. According to data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), the contribution of MSMEs to Indonesia's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) reached 61.41%, with the number of MSMEs reaching almost 60 million units. However, only around 8% or 3.79 million of the 59.2 million MSMEs players have used online platforms to market their products. Based on the above problems, researchers conducted research on the analysis and display of E-Marketplace for MSMEs in Indonesia. The type of research used is action research. The object of research is MSMEs which are under the Office of Industry and Trade of Sragen Regency. The method of data collection is by techniques: (1) interview, (2) documentation (3) observation, (4) literature study. The researcher uses the waterfall method in developing the system. The research team has successfully analyzed the E-Market place according to the results of data collection. The research team has succeeded in designing the E-Marketplace for MSMEs. E-Marketplace designed can be used by admin, MSME and user. Admin is in charge of managing E-Marketplace and has full access rights. MSMEs can register online and manage their products in E-Marketplace. Users or buyers can search data in E-Marketplace as desired. To make transactions, users can interact directly with MSMEs according to the data provided in E-Marketplace. E-Marketplace can be used for marketing together MSMEs products. This e-marketplace can be accessed at www.umkmonline.com
REMOTE SENSING AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS AM Publications
Remote sensing technology's increasing accessibility helps us observe research and learn about our globe in ways we could only imagine a generation ago. Guides to profound knowledge of historical, conceptual and practical uses of remote sensing which is increasing GIS technology. This paper will go briefly through remote sensing benefits, history, technology and the GIS and remote sensing integration and their applications. Remote sensing (RS) is used in mapping the predicted and actual species and dominates the ecosystem canopy.
EVALUATE THE STRAIN ENERGY ERROR FOR THE LASER WELD BY THE H-REFINEMENT OF TH...AM Publications
Currently, the finite element method (FEM) is still one of the useful tools in numerical simulation for technical problems. With this method, a continuum model presented by a certain number of elements with a simple approximation field causes the presence of discretization error in solutions. This paper considers the butt weld by laser which subjected the tension for AISI 1018 steel highness 8 mm. The aim of the study is to use the h-refinement of the FEM in estimation the strain energy error for the laser weld mentioned. The results show that the stability of the h-refinement shown by the value of the relative error of the strain energy is quite small, specifically; FEM is less than 5.7% and extra is no more than 3.7%.
HMM APPLICATION IN ISOLATED WORD SPEECH RECOGNITIONAM Publications
Speech recognition is always being an all-time trendy topic for discussion and also for researches and we see a major application in our life. This paper provides the work done on the application of Hidden Markov model to implement isolated word speech recognition on MATLAB and to develop and train the system for set of self-selective words for specific user (user dependent) to get maximum efficiency in word recognition system. Which uses the forward and Baum-welch algorithm and fitting Gaussian of the Baum-welch algorithm for all the iteration perform. We use a sample of 7 alphabets which are recorded in 15 different ways giving total of 105 word to use for training with each word with 15 variations. This system can be used in real world in system security using voice security system and mainly for children and impaired people.
PEDESTRIAN DETECTION IN LOW RESOLUTION VIDEOS USING A MULTI-FRAME HOG-BASED D...AM Publications
Detecting pedestrians in low resolution videos is a challenging task, due to the small size of pedestrians in the images and the limited information. In practical outdoor surveillance scenarios the pedestrian size is usually small. Existing state-of-the-art pedestrian detection methods that use histogram of oriented gradient (HOG) features have poor performance in this problem domain. To compensate for the lack of information in a single frame, we propose a novel detection method that recognizes pedestrians in a short sequence of frames. Namely, we take the single-frame HOG-based detector and extend it to multiple frames. Our detector is applied to regions containing potential moving objects. In the case of video taken from a moving camera on an aerial platform, video stabilization is first performed to register the frames. A classifier is then applied to features extracted from spatio-temporal volumes surrounding the potential moving objects. On challenging stationary and aerial video datasets, our detection accuracy outperforms several state-of-the-art algorithms.
The aim of this paper is to help the blind people to identify and catch the public transport vehicles with the help of Light Fidelity technology. It is a Navigation aid. When the bus arrives at the bus stand, transmitter in the bus transmits the light signals and receiver in the stick, receives the light signals and a sound signal is generated through the speaker present in the stick. The sound message contains the bus number and the destination of the bus. In addition to this, if the person is absconded or lost, details of the location will be sent to his/her family members by pressing a button. This is made possible with the help of Global System for Mobile (GSM). Finally, presence of water can be detected along the blind person’s path, with the help of water sensors.
EFFECT OF SILICON - RUBBER (SR) SHEETS AS AN ALTERNATIVE FILTER ON HIGH AND L...AM Publications
A digital radiography delivers a radiation dose to patients; therefore it poses potential risk to the patients. One effort to reduce dose is carried out using a radiation filter, e.g. Silicone Rubber (SR) sheet. The purpose of this research was to determine the impact of the SR sheet on the high contrast objects (HCO) and the low contrast objects (LCO). The dose reduction was determined from attenuation x-rays before and after using the SR sheet. Assessment of HCO and LCO was observed from CDR TOR phantom at tube voltage of 48 kVp and tube current of 8 mAs. The physical parameter to assess image quality was the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) value in LCO. The maximum x-ray attenuation using the SR sheet is 48.82%. The visibility of the HCO remains the same, namely 16 objects; however the LCO slighly decreases from 14 objects to 13 objects after using the SR sheet. The SNR value decreases with an average value of 15.17%.Therefore, the SR sheet as a alternative filter has no effect on the HCO and has realtively little effect on the LCO. Thus, the SR sheet potentially is used for radiation protection in patients, especially on examinations that do not require low contrast resolution.
UTILIZATION OF IMMUNIZATION SERVICES AMONG CHILDREN UNDER FIVE YEARS OF AGE I...AM Publications
Immunization is the key strategy to curb communicable diseases which are the number one killer of children under five. Immunization prevents mortalities of approximating three million children under five annually. This study aimed to assess utilization of immunization services among children under five of age in Kirinyaga County, Kenya.
REPRESENTATION OF THE BLOCK DATA ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM IN AN ANALYTICAL FORM F...AM Publications
The article presents the study of cryptographic transformations of the Kuznyechik algorithm in relation to differential analysis and the translation of their representations into a more convenient form for cryptanalysis. A simplification of the type of transformations of the algorithm to algebraic the form, in which cryptanalysis software will be more effective. Since the description of the algorithm in the analytical form allows for 16 cycles of execution of the shift register with linear feedback, each of which will be carried out 16 operations of multiplication and 15 operations of addition, reduced to 16 multiplying and 15 the operations of addition. The result is an algebraic form of a linear transformation (from a shift register with linear feedback to the multiplication of the matrix in a finite field). In the future, the algebraic type of transformation can be used to effectively carry out differential cryptanalysis.
Optical character recognition (OCR) is process of classification of optical patterns contained in a digital image. The process of OCR Recognition involves several steps including pre-processing, segmentation, feature extraction, classification. Pre-processing is for done the basic operation on input image like noise reduction which remove the noisy signal from image. Segmentation stage for segment the given image into line by line and segment each character from segmented line. Future extraction calculates the characteristics of character. A Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN) is used to classification contains the database and does the comparison.
Surveillance refers to the task of observing a scene, often for lengthy periods in search of particular objects or particular behaviour. This task has many applications, foremost among them is security (monitoring for undesirable behaviour such as theft or vandalism), but increasing numbers of others in areas such as agriculture also exist. Historically, closed circuit TV (CCTV) surveillance has been mundane and labour Intensive, involving personnel scanning multiple screens, but the advent of reasonably priced fast hardware means that automatic surveillance is becoming a realistic task to attempt in real time. Several attempts at this are underway.
SIMULATION OF ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTANTS DISPERSION IN AN URBAN ENVIRONMENTAM Publications
Interest in air pollution investigation of urban environment due to existence of industrial and commercial activities along with vehicular emission and existence of buildings and streets which setup natural barrier for pollutant dispersion in the urban environment has increased. The air pollution modelling is a multidisciplinary subject when the entire cities are taken under consideration where urban planning and geometries are complex which needs a large software packages to be developed like Operational Street Pollution Model (OSPM), California Line Source model (CALINE series) etc. On overviewing various works it can be summarized that the air pollutant dispersion in urban street canyons and all linked phenomenon such as wind flow, pollutant concentrations, temperature distribution etc. generally depend on wind speed and direction, building heights and density, road width, source and intensity of air pollution, meteorological variables like temperature, humidity etc. A unique and surprising case is observed every time on numerous combinations of these factors. The main aim of this study is to simulate the atmospheric pollutant dispersion for given pollutant like carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide and given atmospheric conditions like wind speed and direction. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation for analysing the atmospheric pollutant dispersion is done after natural airflow analysis. Volume rendering is done for variables such as phase 2 volume fraction and velocity with resolution as 250 pixels per inch and transparency as 20%. It can be observed that all the three pollutant namely nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide the phase 2 volume fraction changes from 0 to 1. The wind velocity changes from 3.395×10-13 m/s to 1.692×102 m/s. The dispersion of pollutants follow the sequence Sulphur dioxide>Carbon monoxide>Nitrogen dioxide.
PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF WOOL KERATIN BASED CHITOSAN NANOFIBERS FOR AIR ...AM Publications
In this article, we have extracted keratin from deccani wool waste and prepared the wool keratin based Chitosan nanofibers by electrospinning technique. The prepared nanofibers mat were prepared with different weight percent ratio like 1wt.%, 3wt.% and 5wt.% with respect to polymer i.e Chitosan. The physicochemical and filtration properties of wool keratin based Chitosan nanofibers were studied. Wool keratin based Chitosan nanofibers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The filtration efficiency of keratin Chitosan nanofibers were investigated through DOP test and heavy metal removal capacity of evaluated through Atomic absorption spectroscopy. FTIR results were showed that Keratin gets compatible with Chitosan. XRD patterns revealed keratin was in crystalline nature and increase the crystalline nature of Chitosan nanofibers. FESEM images showed that uniform nanofibers generation with average fiber diameter 80nm. Nanofibers filtration efficiency against a particulate matter in air was obtained more than 99.53% and excellent property of removal of heavy metal.
ANALYSIS ON LOAD BALANCING ALGORITHMS IMPLEMENTATION ON CLOUD COMPUTING ENVIR...AM Publications
Cloud computing means storing and accessing data and programs over the Internet instead of your computer's hard drive. The cloud is just a metaphor for the Internet. The elements involved in cloud computing are clients, data center and distributed server. One of the main problems in cloud computing is load balancing. Balancing the load means to distribute the workload among several nodes evenly so that no single node will be overloaded. Load can be of any type that is it can be CPU load, memory capacity or network load. In this paper we presented an architecture of load balancing and algorithm which will further improve the load balancing problem by minimizing the response time. In this paper, we have proposed the enhanced version of existing regulated load balancing approach for cloud computing by comping the Randomization and greedy load balancing algorithm. To check the performance of proposed approach, we have used the cloud analyst simulator (Cloud Analyst). Through simulation analysis, it has been found that proposed improved version of regulated load balancing approach has shown better performance in terms of cost, response time and data processing time.
A MODEL BASED APPROACH FOR IMPLEMENTING WLAN SECURITY AM Publications
This paper presents various security features and configurations commonly implemented in WLANs and their aggregated security levels and then proposes a model that enables implementation and evaluation of WLAN security
Building a Raspberry Pi Robot with Dot NET 8, Blazor and SignalRPeter Gallagher
In this session delivered at NDC Oslo 2024, I talk about how you can control a 3D printed Robot Arm with a Raspberry Pi, .NET 8, Blazor and SignalR.
I also show how you can use a Unity app on an Meta Quest 3 to control the arm VR too.
You can find the GitHub repo and workshop instructions here;
https://bit.ly/dotnetrobotgithub