This document summarizes research on using machine learning to automatically detect water, land, and vegetation boundaries in satellite images. Researchers collected raw satellite imagery data and used sorting, clustering, and ant colony optimization algorithms in MATLAB to analyze the images. They were able to successfully distinguish boundaries between different geological features, like land, sea, and greenery, in test images and real satellite data of an area in Odisha, India. The results identified boundaries with 95.5% accuracy and allowed analysis of patterns like precipitation and groundwater intrusion. The technique can potentially help with applications like disaster management and monitoring deforestation.
- India's Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), also called Mangalyaan, was launched in November 2013 to explore Mars and reach Mars orbit.
- MOM carried scientific instruments including cameras and spectrometers to study the Martian surface, atmosphere, and exosphere.
- The mission aimed to demonstrate India's technological capability to design, plan, and operate an interplanetary mission. MOM successfully entered Mars orbit in September 2014 and transmitted images back to Earth.
An artificial satellite is a man-made object sent into space to orbit Earth or another celestial body. Satellites serve various functions including telecommunications, military surveillance, weather monitoring, and exploring the universe. Key parts of a weather satellite include monitoring chambers, storage for collected data, antennas, instruments to measure greenhouse gases, solar panels, and cloud sensors. Satellites provide essential information for disaster response, such as evacuation planning, and capturing images of natural disasters like flooding and fires.
Envisat was a large Earth observation satellite launched by the European Space Agency in 2002. It carried 10 instruments to observe the land, oceans, ice, and atmosphere. Envisat had a sun-synchronous polar orbit at an altitude of 790 km, with an orbital period of 101 minutes and a repeat cycle of 35 days. It was designed for a 5 year mission but operated for over 10 years, until contact was lost in 2012. Envisat's observations were used to study topics like atmospheric chemistry, ocean temperatures, winds, hydrology, agriculture, natural hazards, and more.
This lecture covers the laws of motion governing artificial satellites. It discusses key concepts like orbital mechanics, Kepler's laws, and different types of satellite orbits such as low Earth orbit, medium Earth orbit, and geostationary orbit. The lecture notes that satellites must travel at a minimum horizontal speed of 8000 m/s to achieve stable orbit and not fall back to Earth. It also explains factors that can perturb satellite orbits like non-spherical gravity and atmospheric drag.
Geo synchronous and Sun synchronous SatellitesTilok Chetri
There are three main types of satellite orbits:
1) Polar orbits have an inclination of 90 degrees, allowing satellites to observe the entire Earth as it rotates. They complete an orbit every 90 minutes.
2) Sun synchronous orbits allow satellites to pass over the same location at the same local time each day. These orbits are between 700-800 km in altitude.
3) Geosynchronous orbits circle the Earth at the same rate it rotates, allowing satellites to continuously observe nearly half of the Earth. These orbits are used for weather monitoring and communication satellites. Each orbit type has advantages and disadvantages for different applications.
The document provides information about the upcoming Juno mission to Jupiter, including:
- Key mission dates and milestones such as the August 2011 launch window and July 2016 arrival at Jupiter.
- Details about the spacecraft such as its size, mass, and solar arrays that will power it.
- An overview of the science goals such as determining Jupiter's composition and structure.
- Background on Jupiter and previous missions to the planet.
- Contact information for media and the mission's management team.
Earth observation satellites monitor Earth from orbit and are used for environmental monitoring, meteorology, and terrain mapping. The ASTER satellite collects visible, near infrared, and thermal infrared imagery at 15-90m resolution for monitoring clouds, glaciers, land, temperature, sea ice, and snow cover. Landsat-8 collects operational land imagery and thermal data at 30-90m resolution for uses including oceanography, vegetation, and biomass mapping. SPOT-5 collects high resolution geometric data at 5-20m for environmental assessment, agriculture, and marine studies.
- India's Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), also called Mangalyaan, was launched in November 2013 to explore Mars and reach Mars orbit.
- MOM carried scientific instruments including cameras and spectrometers to study the Martian surface, atmosphere, and exosphere.
- The mission aimed to demonstrate India's technological capability to design, plan, and operate an interplanetary mission. MOM successfully entered Mars orbit in September 2014 and transmitted images back to Earth.
An artificial satellite is a man-made object sent into space to orbit Earth or another celestial body. Satellites serve various functions including telecommunications, military surveillance, weather monitoring, and exploring the universe. Key parts of a weather satellite include monitoring chambers, storage for collected data, antennas, instruments to measure greenhouse gases, solar panels, and cloud sensors. Satellites provide essential information for disaster response, such as evacuation planning, and capturing images of natural disasters like flooding and fires.
Envisat was a large Earth observation satellite launched by the European Space Agency in 2002. It carried 10 instruments to observe the land, oceans, ice, and atmosphere. Envisat had a sun-synchronous polar orbit at an altitude of 790 km, with an orbital period of 101 minutes and a repeat cycle of 35 days. It was designed for a 5 year mission but operated for over 10 years, until contact was lost in 2012. Envisat's observations were used to study topics like atmospheric chemistry, ocean temperatures, winds, hydrology, agriculture, natural hazards, and more.
This lecture covers the laws of motion governing artificial satellites. It discusses key concepts like orbital mechanics, Kepler's laws, and different types of satellite orbits such as low Earth orbit, medium Earth orbit, and geostationary orbit. The lecture notes that satellites must travel at a minimum horizontal speed of 8000 m/s to achieve stable orbit and not fall back to Earth. It also explains factors that can perturb satellite orbits like non-spherical gravity and atmospheric drag.
Geo synchronous and Sun synchronous SatellitesTilok Chetri
There are three main types of satellite orbits:
1) Polar orbits have an inclination of 90 degrees, allowing satellites to observe the entire Earth as it rotates. They complete an orbit every 90 minutes.
2) Sun synchronous orbits allow satellites to pass over the same location at the same local time each day. These orbits are between 700-800 km in altitude.
3) Geosynchronous orbits circle the Earth at the same rate it rotates, allowing satellites to continuously observe nearly half of the Earth. These orbits are used for weather monitoring and communication satellites. Each orbit type has advantages and disadvantages for different applications.
The document provides information about the upcoming Juno mission to Jupiter, including:
- Key mission dates and milestones such as the August 2011 launch window and July 2016 arrival at Jupiter.
- Details about the spacecraft such as its size, mass, and solar arrays that will power it.
- An overview of the science goals such as determining Jupiter's composition and structure.
- Background on Jupiter and previous missions to the planet.
- Contact information for media and the mission's management team.
Earth observation satellites monitor Earth from orbit and are used for environmental monitoring, meteorology, and terrain mapping. The ASTER satellite collects visible, near infrared, and thermal infrared imagery at 15-90m resolution for monitoring clouds, glaciers, land, temperature, sea ice, and snow cover. Landsat-8 collects operational land imagery and thermal data at 30-90m resolution for uses including oceanography, vegetation, and biomass mapping. SPOT-5 collects high resolution geometric data at 5-20m for environmental assessment, agriculture, and marine studies.
Over the last decade, Southwest Research Institute has expanded its space science program to encompass five spacecraft missions ranging from studies of Earth's magnetosphere to the outer boundaries of the solar system. Some key ongoing and upcoming missions mentioned include IBEX to image the edge of the solar system, Juno to study Jupiter, MMS to examine magnetic reconnection around Earth, New Horizons to flyby Pluto, and Cassini continuing studies at Saturn. The institute is also involved in developing instruments and conducting research for various current and future NASA planetary science missions.
The Juno spacecraft was launched in 2011 to study Jupiter's composition, gravity and magnetic fields. It will map Jupiter's auroras and fields to understand its formation and inner workings. Juno aims to determine if Jupiter has a solid core like Earth and the nature of its powerful magnetic dynamo. The mission seeks to reveal how Jupiter formed and evolved to provide insights about the early solar system.
MESSENGER's orbital imaging of Mercury's north polar region provided a complete view for the first time. The "radar-bright" features seen from Earth-based observations correlated with areas of high reflectance in MESSENGER images and topography measurements, supporting the hypothesis that these features contain water ice. MESSENGER is further exploring Mercury's ice deposits through imaging campaigns, reflectance measurements in more craters, and upcoming low-altitude observations to build on evidence the ice is real.
The document discusses the use of meteorological satellites, weather balloons, and sounding rockets for weather forecasting. It provides background on severe weather events that have caused major damage, highlighting the need for improved forecasting. It then describes some of the first meteorological satellites, including TIROS-1, which was the first to transmit cloud photos from space. It also discusses the NIMBUS satellites, which had improved coverage over the TIROS satellites and helped enable long-term observations of phenomena like the ozone hole.
The document discusses case studies of innovative sanitation efforts in India. Case Study 1 describes a bio-gas plant built in a school in Kerala to convert food waste from the school kitchen and student lunches into fuel for cooking meals and fertilizer for the school garden, addressing the school's waste problem. Students are being taught the importance of proper waste management and converting waste into a resource rather than litter. The initiative aims to educate younger generations on the importance of sanitation.
How to detect planets beyond our solarsystemsanjeevirny
There are several indirect methods astronomers use to discover planets beyond our solar system. The transit method detects planets by measuring the dimming of a star's light as a planet passes in front of it. The radial velocity method measures the wobble of a star caused by the gravitational pull of orbiting planets. Pulsar timing detects planets by measuring slight anomalies in the regular pulse timing of pulsars caused by planetary companions. Each method has advantages and limitations but together they have allowed the detection of many exoplanets.
There are two types of satellites: natural and artificial. Natural satellites like the Moon orbit planets, while artificial satellites are human-made objects placed into orbit, like Sputnik 1. There are different types of artificial satellites depending on their orbit, such as geostationary satellites that orbit over the equator at a fixed position, and polar satellites that orbit from pole to pole. The escape velocity of a satellite is the minimum speed needed to escape the gravitational pull of the object it orbits, and varies based on location in the solar system. Kepler's laws describe satellite motion, such as elliptical orbits with the orbited body at one focus.
So what launch speed does a satellite need in order to orbit the earth? ... The motion of satellites, like any projectile, is governed by Newton's laws of motion.
The document provides an introduction to astronomy, covering topics such as distances and measurements used in astronomy, motions of celestial objects, and key concepts like the celestial sphere and Kepler's laws of planetary motion. It describes units like the astronomical unit and light-year used to measure vast distances in space. Seasonal changes are explained by the tilt of Earth's axis and orbit around the Sun.
Parallax is the apparent change in position of an object when viewed from different positions. It can be used to measure distances to celestial objects. Stellar parallax involves measuring the difference in the position of a nearby star observed from opposite sides of Earth's orbit around the Sun. This allows astronomers to determine the star's distance using trigonometry. In 1989, the Hipparcos satellite improved parallax measurements for over 100,000 nearby stars. The Gaia satellite, launched in 2013, can measure parallax angles to greater accuracy, mapping stars up to tens of thousands of light years away.
An earth mass_planet_orbiting_alpha_centauri_bSérgio Sacani
1) Astronomers have detected the smallest minimum mass planet found to date orbiting a solar-type star, Alpha Centauri B.
2) The planet has a minimum mass similar to Earth and orbits Alpha Centauri B with a period of 3.236 days, making it the closest exoplanet to our solar system discovered so far.
3) Detecting such a small planet required removing signals from stellar oscillations, granulation, magnetic activity and the binary orbit of Alpha Centauri A & B from the radial velocity measurements in order to achieve a precision of 0.8 meters/second needed to detect an Earth-sized planet.
The Titan Saturn System Mission (TSSM) is a proposed joint NASA-ESA mission to conduct in-depth exploration of Titan and Enceladus. The mission would include an orbiter carrying instruments to study Titan's atmosphere, surface and interior. It would also deploy a hot air balloon and lake lander to conduct in situ measurements. The orbiter would tour Saturn's system for over 9 years, performing multiple close flybys of Titan and Enceladus to advance understanding of processes on these moons beyond what was possible with the Cassini-Huygens mission.
Ein PDF von unbekannten Verfassern beschreibt, was in den folgenden Monaten sich in unserem Sonnensystem insgesamt- und auf der Erde ereignen wird.
Nibiru final update (PDF Vorstellung)
Satellites orbit Earth and other celestial bodies. They come in many types but generally have an antenna and power source. Satellites are launched into precise orbits using rocket boosters and follow orbital mechanics principles. Once in orbit, they perform tasks like Earth observation, communications, navigation, and scientific research. As technology advanced, satellite uses grew from early models like Sputnik to large constellations serving various purposes today.
The document describes the gravitational assist technique used by the Pioneer 10 spacecraft during its 1973 encounter with Jupiter. It begins by introducing the paradox that gravitational assist seems to contradict the expectation that a spacecraft's kinetic energy would remain the same after passing through a planet's gravitational field. It then provides details of Pioneer 10's encounter with Jupiter, showing how the spacecraft gained speed and switched to an escape trajectory from the solar system. Finally, it explains the physics behind gravitational assist, noting that the planet Jupiter experienced an equal and opposite change in velocity and kinetic energy compared to the spacecraft, resolving the paradox.
Earth has one natural satellite, the Moon, which orbits Earth every 27 days. Artificial satellites are human-made objects that orbit Earth and other celestial bodies. There are several types of artificial satellites used for applications like weather monitoring, communications, navigation, military surveillance, and earth observation. Satellites can be placed in low, medium, or geostationary orbits depending on their purpose and orbital characteristics. Overall, satellites provide important information and services by monitoring Earth and enabling global communication networks.
This document summarizes observations of asteroid 68950 (2002 QF15) conducted by a student team over several nights at the Etscorn Observatory in New Mexico. Through imaging the asteroid at multiple points in its orbit and performing astrometry to determine its right ascension and declination, the team aimed to calculate the asteroid's orbital elements and compare them to known values. Bad weather hindered some observation sessions. The team used various software tools to process the images, locate the asteroid, perform photometry and astrometry, and determine the orbital elements through the Method of Gauss.
Chandrayaan-2 mission is a highly complex mission, which represents a significant technological leap compared to the previous missions of ISRO, which brought together an Orbiter, Lander and Rover with the goal of exploring south pole of the Moon. (Presented by SUBHAM PREETAM)
This document discusses remote sensing and meteorology. It defines remote sensing as obtaining information about physical objects through non-contact sensors. Meteorology is the study of atmospheric phenomena like weather. Meteorological satellites and weather radars are important tools for monitoring weather. Satellites provide global coverage of cloud patterns and weather systems from space. They capture visible, infrared, and water vapor images to study cloud formations, temperatures, and moisture in the atmosphere. Radar emits microwaves that bounce off water droplets in clouds to measure precipitation and cloud locations. Satellite weather monitoring improves forecasts, especially over oceans with sparse weather station data.
This document provides an overview of satellite science and remote sensing. It discusses:
1) Different types of satellite subsystems and payloads such as communication, weather, Earth observation, navigation, and military satellites.
2) Key orbital parameters like altitude, inclination, and eccentricity that define a satellite's orbit.
3) The use of active and passive sensors onboard satellites. Passive sensors detect electromagnetic radiation from objects while active sensors emit radiation to scan objects.
4) How satellite orbits and the rotation of Earth allow for complete coverage of the planet's surface through imaging swaths.
PPT Obstructs: Outline about Meteorological satellites and their types. principle of Satellite remote sensing - Electro Magnetic Spectrum, Data from weather satellites.
Over the last decade, Southwest Research Institute has expanded its space science program to encompass five spacecraft missions ranging from studies of Earth's magnetosphere to the outer boundaries of the solar system. Some key ongoing and upcoming missions mentioned include IBEX to image the edge of the solar system, Juno to study Jupiter, MMS to examine magnetic reconnection around Earth, New Horizons to flyby Pluto, and Cassini continuing studies at Saturn. The institute is also involved in developing instruments and conducting research for various current and future NASA planetary science missions.
The Juno spacecraft was launched in 2011 to study Jupiter's composition, gravity and magnetic fields. It will map Jupiter's auroras and fields to understand its formation and inner workings. Juno aims to determine if Jupiter has a solid core like Earth and the nature of its powerful magnetic dynamo. The mission seeks to reveal how Jupiter formed and evolved to provide insights about the early solar system.
MESSENGER's orbital imaging of Mercury's north polar region provided a complete view for the first time. The "radar-bright" features seen from Earth-based observations correlated with areas of high reflectance in MESSENGER images and topography measurements, supporting the hypothesis that these features contain water ice. MESSENGER is further exploring Mercury's ice deposits through imaging campaigns, reflectance measurements in more craters, and upcoming low-altitude observations to build on evidence the ice is real.
The document discusses the use of meteorological satellites, weather balloons, and sounding rockets for weather forecasting. It provides background on severe weather events that have caused major damage, highlighting the need for improved forecasting. It then describes some of the first meteorological satellites, including TIROS-1, which was the first to transmit cloud photos from space. It also discusses the NIMBUS satellites, which had improved coverage over the TIROS satellites and helped enable long-term observations of phenomena like the ozone hole.
The document discusses case studies of innovative sanitation efforts in India. Case Study 1 describes a bio-gas plant built in a school in Kerala to convert food waste from the school kitchen and student lunches into fuel for cooking meals and fertilizer for the school garden, addressing the school's waste problem. Students are being taught the importance of proper waste management and converting waste into a resource rather than litter. The initiative aims to educate younger generations on the importance of sanitation.
How to detect planets beyond our solarsystemsanjeevirny
There are several indirect methods astronomers use to discover planets beyond our solar system. The transit method detects planets by measuring the dimming of a star's light as a planet passes in front of it. The radial velocity method measures the wobble of a star caused by the gravitational pull of orbiting planets. Pulsar timing detects planets by measuring slight anomalies in the regular pulse timing of pulsars caused by planetary companions. Each method has advantages and limitations but together they have allowed the detection of many exoplanets.
There are two types of satellites: natural and artificial. Natural satellites like the Moon orbit planets, while artificial satellites are human-made objects placed into orbit, like Sputnik 1. There are different types of artificial satellites depending on their orbit, such as geostationary satellites that orbit over the equator at a fixed position, and polar satellites that orbit from pole to pole. The escape velocity of a satellite is the minimum speed needed to escape the gravitational pull of the object it orbits, and varies based on location in the solar system. Kepler's laws describe satellite motion, such as elliptical orbits with the orbited body at one focus.
So what launch speed does a satellite need in order to orbit the earth? ... The motion of satellites, like any projectile, is governed by Newton's laws of motion.
The document provides an introduction to astronomy, covering topics such as distances and measurements used in astronomy, motions of celestial objects, and key concepts like the celestial sphere and Kepler's laws of planetary motion. It describes units like the astronomical unit and light-year used to measure vast distances in space. Seasonal changes are explained by the tilt of Earth's axis and orbit around the Sun.
Parallax is the apparent change in position of an object when viewed from different positions. It can be used to measure distances to celestial objects. Stellar parallax involves measuring the difference in the position of a nearby star observed from opposite sides of Earth's orbit around the Sun. This allows astronomers to determine the star's distance using trigonometry. In 1989, the Hipparcos satellite improved parallax measurements for over 100,000 nearby stars. The Gaia satellite, launched in 2013, can measure parallax angles to greater accuracy, mapping stars up to tens of thousands of light years away.
An earth mass_planet_orbiting_alpha_centauri_bSérgio Sacani
1) Astronomers have detected the smallest minimum mass planet found to date orbiting a solar-type star, Alpha Centauri B.
2) The planet has a minimum mass similar to Earth and orbits Alpha Centauri B with a period of 3.236 days, making it the closest exoplanet to our solar system discovered so far.
3) Detecting such a small planet required removing signals from stellar oscillations, granulation, magnetic activity and the binary orbit of Alpha Centauri A & B from the radial velocity measurements in order to achieve a precision of 0.8 meters/second needed to detect an Earth-sized planet.
The Titan Saturn System Mission (TSSM) is a proposed joint NASA-ESA mission to conduct in-depth exploration of Titan and Enceladus. The mission would include an orbiter carrying instruments to study Titan's atmosphere, surface and interior. It would also deploy a hot air balloon and lake lander to conduct in situ measurements. The orbiter would tour Saturn's system for over 9 years, performing multiple close flybys of Titan and Enceladus to advance understanding of processes on these moons beyond what was possible with the Cassini-Huygens mission.
Ein PDF von unbekannten Verfassern beschreibt, was in den folgenden Monaten sich in unserem Sonnensystem insgesamt- und auf der Erde ereignen wird.
Nibiru final update (PDF Vorstellung)
Satellites orbit Earth and other celestial bodies. They come in many types but generally have an antenna and power source. Satellites are launched into precise orbits using rocket boosters and follow orbital mechanics principles. Once in orbit, they perform tasks like Earth observation, communications, navigation, and scientific research. As technology advanced, satellite uses grew from early models like Sputnik to large constellations serving various purposes today.
The document describes the gravitational assist technique used by the Pioneer 10 spacecraft during its 1973 encounter with Jupiter. It begins by introducing the paradox that gravitational assist seems to contradict the expectation that a spacecraft's kinetic energy would remain the same after passing through a planet's gravitational field. It then provides details of Pioneer 10's encounter with Jupiter, showing how the spacecraft gained speed and switched to an escape trajectory from the solar system. Finally, it explains the physics behind gravitational assist, noting that the planet Jupiter experienced an equal and opposite change in velocity and kinetic energy compared to the spacecraft, resolving the paradox.
Earth has one natural satellite, the Moon, which orbits Earth every 27 days. Artificial satellites are human-made objects that orbit Earth and other celestial bodies. There are several types of artificial satellites used for applications like weather monitoring, communications, navigation, military surveillance, and earth observation. Satellites can be placed in low, medium, or geostationary orbits depending on their purpose and orbital characteristics. Overall, satellites provide important information and services by monitoring Earth and enabling global communication networks.
This document summarizes observations of asteroid 68950 (2002 QF15) conducted by a student team over several nights at the Etscorn Observatory in New Mexico. Through imaging the asteroid at multiple points in its orbit and performing astrometry to determine its right ascension and declination, the team aimed to calculate the asteroid's orbital elements and compare them to known values. Bad weather hindered some observation sessions. The team used various software tools to process the images, locate the asteroid, perform photometry and astrometry, and determine the orbital elements through the Method of Gauss.
Chandrayaan-2 mission is a highly complex mission, which represents a significant technological leap compared to the previous missions of ISRO, which brought together an Orbiter, Lander and Rover with the goal of exploring south pole of the Moon. (Presented by SUBHAM PREETAM)
This document discusses remote sensing and meteorology. It defines remote sensing as obtaining information about physical objects through non-contact sensors. Meteorology is the study of atmospheric phenomena like weather. Meteorological satellites and weather radars are important tools for monitoring weather. Satellites provide global coverage of cloud patterns and weather systems from space. They capture visible, infrared, and water vapor images to study cloud formations, temperatures, and moisture in the atmosphere. Radar emits microwaves that bounce off water droplets in clouds to measure precipitation and cloud locations. Satellite weather monitoring improves forecasts, especially over oceans with sparse weather station data.
This document provides an overview of satellite science and remote sensing. It discusses:
1) Different types of satellite subsystems and payloads such as communication, weather, Earth observation, navigation, and military satellites.
2) Key orbital parameters like altitude, inclination, and eccentricity that define a satellite's orbit.
3) The use of active and passive sensors onboard satellites. Passive sensors detect electromagnetic radiation from objects while active sensors emit radiation to scan objects.
4) How satellite orbits and the rotation of Earth allow for complete coverage of the planet's surface through imaging swaths.
PPT Obstructs: Outline about Meteorological satellites and their types. principle of Satellite remote sensing - Electro Magnetic Spectrum, Data from weather satellites.
The document discusses remote sensing satellites. It begins by defining remote sensing as obtaining information about an object through analysis of data acquired from a distance without physical contact. There are two broad categories of remote sensing based on platforms: aerial and satellite. Satellite remote sensing has advantages like continuous data acquisition and broad area coverage. Remote sensing systems are classified based on the radiation source as passive or active, and based on spectral regions as optical, thermal infrared, or microwave. Key resolutions for remote sensing include spatial, spectral, temporal, and radiometric. Common applications are land cover mapping, change detection, flood monitoring, and more. Major satellite missions discussed are Landsat, SPOT, and IKONOS.
This document provides an overview of the basics of remote sensing. It defines remote sensing as acquiring information about an object without direct contact. It discusses key components of the remote sensing process including data acquisition, the electromagnetic spectrum, atmospheric interactions, spectral signatures, and satellite platforms and orbits. Remote sensing draws from many areas and plays an important role in monitoring the Earth through satellite imagery.
1. There are several types of remote sensing systems including visual, optical, infrared, microwave, radar, satellite, airborne, and acoustic systems.
2. Visual systems use the human eyes as sensors while optical systems use sensors to detect solar radiation reflected from the Earth to form images. Infrared systems detect infrared radiation emitted from the Earth's surface.
3. Microwave and radar systems can image the Earth day and night through clouds using radio signals, with radar providing highly accurate topographic maps. Satellite systems acquire images using sensors on orbiting platforms.
APPLICATION OF REMOTE SENSING AND GIS IN AGRICULTURELagnajeetRoy
India is a country that depends on agriculture. Today in this era of technological supremacy, agriculture is also using different new technologies like some robotic machinery to remote sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS) for the betterment of agriculture. It is easy to get the information about that area where human cannot check the condition everyday and help in gathering the data with the help of remote sensing. Whereas GIS helps in preparation of map that shows an accurate representation of data we get through remote sensing. From disease estimation to stress factor due to water, from ground water quality index to acreage estimation in various way agriculture is being profited by the application of remote sensing and GIS in agriculture. The applications of those software or techniques are very new to the agriculture domain still much more exploration is needed in this part. New software’s are developing in different parts of the world and remote sensing. Today farmers understand the beneficiaries of these kinds of techniques to the farm field which help in increasing productivity that will help future generation as technology is hype in traditional system of farming.
Remote sensing is the collection of information about Earth's surface without direct contact. It uses sensors on satellites and aircraft to detect and measure electromagnetic radiation reflected or emitted from objects. There are two types of remote sensing - active uses sensors that emit energy like radar, while passive detects natural energy like sunlight. Applications include monitoring agriculture, forestry, geology, oceans, and the environment. NASA operates many satellites that use different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum to analyze features and changes on Earth.
Remote sensing involves obtaining information about an object through sensors without direct contact. It is used in meteorology to detect weather systems like clouds and storms. There are passive sensors that detect emitted or reflected radiation and active sensors that emit radiation and detect what is reflected. Remote sensing is used from both ground-based and spaceborne platforms like satellites to monitor weather patterns and conditions. Weather satellites in particular provide remotely sensed data that can be converted into meteorological measurements and used to analyze and predict weather.
Remote sensing involves collecting information about objects without physical contact. It was first defined in the 1960s and the first earth observation satellite, Landsat-1, was launched in 1972. Remote sensing uses sensors on airborne and spaceborne platforms to detect electromagnetic radiation reflected or emitted from the object of interest. Common platforms include aircraft, balloons, and satellites. Satellites provide global coverage and frequent revisits. Remote sensing data has various applications such as agriculture, forestry, and soil mapping.
This document provides an overview of remote sensing basics. It defines remote sensing as acquiring information about an object without direct contact. It discusses key elements of the remote sensing process including energy sources, atmospheric interactions, data acquisition by sensors, and data analysis. It also covers topics like the electromagnetic spectrum, atmospheric scattering and absorption, atmospheric windows, and spectral signatures. The document is intended as an introduction to fundamental concepts in remote sensing.
Lidar uses laser light to measure distances by illuminating targets. It is an active remote sensing method. The document discusses remote sensing concepts like platforms, sensors, data collection using electromagnetic radiation, and data interpretation techniques. It provides examples of Indian remote sensing satellites like Resourcesat and Cartosat, and describes their sensors and applications in areas like agriculture, mapping, and disaster management. Visual interpretation of remote sensing images involves analyzing tone, shape, size, pattern, texture, shadows, and associations of targets.
Lidar uses laser light to measure distances by illuminating targets. It is an active remote sensing method. The document discusses remote sensing concepts like platforms, sensors, data collection using electromagnetic radiation, and data interpretation techniques. It provides examples of Indian remote sensing satellites like Resourcesat and Cartosat, and describes their sensors and applications in areas like agriculture, mapping, and disaster management. Visual interpretation of remote sensing images involves analyzing tone, shape, size, pattern, texture, shadows, and associations of targets.
Solar system as a radio telescope by the formation of virtual lenses above an...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Solar system as a radio telescope by the formation of virtual lenses above an...eSAT Journals
Abstract The boundaries of multiverse are almost infinite and so the thirst of mankind for latest technology .man has startled many principles of space and nature by gaining them facing all fatal difficulties. Time is one quantity which is considered to be fast happening, but when it comes to happenings in space it is faster. All what we look into space is past; under least possible cases we could see the present. So, there has a necessicity for us to keep a big eye on making our search for extra-galactic recourses or extra-celestial life forms etc with equal speeds of space time. for this to be achieved by us we need to make some drastic changes in our telescope usage and we have to adopt technological up gradation and we should no longer make our telescope concentrate on the same celestial body for days continuously , indeed mili seconds should be enough to grab the required information . Index Terms- RTS, LEO, MEO, GEO, RT
Remote sensing is the process of acquiring information about Earth's surface without physical contact. It works by detecting electromagnetic radiation from targets using sensors on platforms like satellites, aircraft, and drones. The data collected is then processed and analyzed to extract meaningful information. Remote sensing is widely used for environmental monitoring, agriculture, urban planning, and more. It provides a comprehensive understanding of Earth's features when integrated with other geospatial data.
Similar to IRJET- Automatic Water, Land and Vegetation Boundary Detection using Machine Learning on Satellite Image (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...University of Maribor
Slides from talk presenting:
Aleš Zamuda: Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapter and Networking.
Presentation at IcETRAN 2024 session:
"Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS
Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation"
IEEE Slovenia GRSS
IEEE Serbia and Montenegro MTT-S
IEEE Slovenia CIS
11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONIC AND COMPUTING ENGINEERING
3-6 June 2024, Niš, Serbia
Low power architecture of logic gates using adiabatic techniquesnooriasukmaningtyas
The growing significance of portable systems to limit power consumption in ultra-large-scale-integration chips of very high density, has recently led to rapid and inventive progresses in low-power design. The most effective technique is adiabatic logic circuit design in energy-efficient hardware. This paper presents two adiabatic approaches for the design of low power circuits, modified positive feedback adiabatic logic (modified PFAL) and the other is direct current diode based positive feedback adiabatic logic (DC-DB PFAL). Logic gates are the preliminary components in any digital circuit design. By improving the performance of basic gates, one can improvise the whole system performance. In this paper proposed circuit design of the low power architecture of OR/NOR, AND/NAND, and XOR/XNOR gates are presented using the said approaches and their results are analyzed for powerdissipation, delay, power-delay-product and rise time and compared with the other adiabatic techniques along with the conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) designs reported in the literature. It has been found that the designs with DC-DB PFAL technique outperform with the percentage improvement of 65% for NOR gate and 7% for NAND gate and 34% for XNOR gate over the modified PFAL techniques at 10 MHz respectively.
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.