Remote sensing involves obtaining information about an object through sensors without direct contact. It is used in meteorology to detect weather systems like clouds and storms. There are passive sensors that detect emitted or reflected radiation and active sensors that emit radiation and detect what is reflected. Remote sensing is used from both ground-based and spaceborne platforms like satellites to monitor weather patterns and conditions. Weather satellites in particular provide remotely sensed data that can be converted into meteorological measurements and used to analyze and predict weather.

2.  Remote sensing refers to the activities of
obtaining information about an object by a sensor
without being in direct contact with the object.
 In the meteorology, the information of interest
includes, among others, the location and
development of weather systems such as clouds,
rainstorms, tropical cyclones, cold and warm
fronts.

3.  Some sensors rely on the radiation emitted or
reflected from the object.This type of sensors is
called passive sensors.
 Other type of sensors shines electromagnetic
radiation onto the object and receives the reflected
radiation.They are called active sensors.

4.  Ground-based remote sensing uses a variety of
geophysical survey techniques to "see" beneath the
surface of the soil, providing a map of the
underlying archaeological, alluvial and geological
features.
 In spaceborne remote sensing, sensors are
mounted on-board a spacecraft (space shuttle or
satellite) orbiting the earth.

5.  Weather forecasting, the prediction of the weather
through application of the principles of physics,
supplemented by a variety of statistical and
empirical techniques.
 Present weather conditions are obtained by
 Observation from aircraft
 Observation from ship
 Radio sounds
 Satellites

6. 1. Recording and interpreting sunlight as it is
reflected from the clouds to the earth’s surface.
2. Recording and interpreting humidity carried by
radiations.
3. Weather radars
4. Meteorological satellite
5. Monitoring cyclones and storms in certain areas
6. Detecting winds
7. Revealing rainfall intensity and quality

7.  It used to collect the location of particles in the
atmosphere, such as rain, snow, and clouds, while
indicating those particles movement ,direction ,and
speed.

8. Sensors carry a whole range of information:
Thick clouds and snow is represented as bright white
Land and sea with no cloud covering represented as
dark grey

9.  Remote sensing record the radiation emitted from
water vapor in the atmosphere.
 This is because radiation from low clouds hardy
reaches the satellites.
 The radiation intensity received at remote sensor
usually depends on water vapour in the
atmosphere.
 High humidity makes the sensor have bright
shades.

10.  There are two types of meteorological satellites:
1. Goestationary satellites
2. Polar-orbiting satellites

11.  Satellite that appears to be located at a fixed point
in space when viewed from the earth’s surface.
 It located 22,237miles above the earth’s surface.

12.  Geostationary weather satellites orbit the Earth
above the equator at altitudes of 35,880 km
(22,300 miles).
 Because of this orbit, they remain stationary with
respect to the rotating Earth.
 And thus can record or transmit images of the
entire hemisphere below continuously with their
visible-light and infrared sensors.
 EXAMPLES: India’s INSAT-3C,METSAT

13.  A polar-orbiting satellite will pass over the equator
at a different longitude on each of its orbit.
 Polar satellites are usually used as earth surface.
 EXAMPLES:
 Landsat
1. NOAA
2. SPOT
3. ERS

16.  Radar is an acronmy for “Radio Detection And
Ranging”.
 Radar is now widely used in many applications
including weather monitoring.
 Two types of radar:
1. Pulse radar
2. Doppler weather radar

17.  These satellites are particularly useful for detecting
the development of weather and predicting their
behaviour over the next few hours.
 They provide information on storms, clouds, winds,
fog, rain, snow, incoming solar radiation, volcanic
ash, dust, land and sea surface temperature and
even fires.
 The very basic application is in identification of
clouds.

19.  Applications of meteorological, climatological,
analytical and forecasting data, and their socio-
economic benefits.
 Forecasting, warning and service delivery
techniques and methods.
 Analysis and prediction of hazards caused by the
weather.
 Performace, verification and value of numerical
models and forecasting services.

20.  Although remote sensing techniques have
primarily been viewed as a means for gathering
data that are then interpreted by the user, they are
increasingly serving other roles in scientific and
applied research
 Meteorological satellites provide remotely
sensed data which can be converted into
meteorological measurements such as cloud
cover, cloud motion vectors, surface
temperature, vertical profiles of atmospheric
temperature and humidity, snow and ice cover,
ozone and various radiation measurements.