Megaloblastic anaemia is a type of anaemia characterized by the formation of unusually large, abnormal and immature red blood cells called as megaloblasts by the bone marrow, which are released into the blood. To know more visit here: www.lazoi.com
Anemia - Types, Pathophysiology, Clinical Manifestations, Etiology, TreatmentMd Altamash Ahmad
Anaemia can be defined as a reduction from normal of the quantity of haemoglobin in the blood.
It is not one disease, but a condition that results from a number of different pathologies.
The World Health Organisation defines anaemia in adults as haemoglobin levels less than 13g/dL for males and less than 12g/dL for females.
The low haemoglobin level results in a corresponding decrease in the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood.
Anaemia is possibly one of the most common conditions in the world and results in significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in the developing world.
causes of macrocytic anemia pathopysiology, sign and symptoms and the difference between macrocytic anemia megaloblastIc anemia. causes of hypersegmented neutrophils and its association between them. investigation and medical management plus pictures illustration.
Aplastic anemia is one of the stem cell disorder which leads to pancytopenia in the peripheral blood and decrease production of all cell line in bone marrow. it require bone marrow transplantation to cure the patient.
Megaloblastic anaemia is a type of anaemia characterized by the formation of unusually large, abnormal and immature red blood cells called as megaloblasts by the bone marrow, which are released into the blood. To know more visit here: www.lazoi.com
Anemia - Types, Pathophysiology, Clinical Manifestations, Etiology, TreatmentMd Altamash Ahmad
Anaemia can be defined as a reduction from normal of the quantity of haemoglobin in the blood.
It is not one disease, but a condition that results from a number of different pathologies.
The World Health Organisation defines anaemia in adults as haemoglobin levels less than 13g/dL for males and less than 12g/dL for females.
The low haemoglobin level results in a corresponding decrease in the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood.
Anaemia is possibly one of the most common conditions in the world and results in significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in the developing world.
causes of macrocytic anemia pathopysiology, sign and symptoms and the difference between macrocytic anemia megaloblastIc anemia. causes of hypersegmented neutrophils and its association between them. investigation and medical management plus pictures illustration.
Aplastic anemia is one of the stem cell disorder which leads to pancytopenia in the peripheral blood and decrease production of all cell line in bone marrow. it require bone marrow transplantation to cure the patient.
The liver is the largest organ in the body
It is located below the diaphragm in the right upper quadrant of the abdominal cavity and extended approximately from the right 5th rib to the lower border of the rib cage.
The liver is the largest organ in the body
It is located below the diaphragm in the right upper quadrant of the abdominal cavity and extended approximately from the right 5th rib to the lower border of the rib cage.
In the work-up of a disease, the peripheral smear gives a very good information of what disease the patient may be suffering from. It also gives direction for further evaluation, all impacting the treatment and well being of the patient.
Hinduja Hospital’s specialist doctor suggests on abnormal blood counts and management of Anemia. Anemia is a can be a cause of a serious illness, so it is important to have it assessed and get the appropriate treatment.
4. Normal red cell Size 7µм MCV 82-98fl MCH 27-32pg MCHC 31 0 -34 0 g/l
5. Anemia is a symptom of disease that requires investigation to determine the underlying aetiology . Anemia is strictly defined as a decrease in red blood cell (RBC) mass . I n practice, anemia is usually discovered and quantified by measurement of the RBC count, hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, and hematocrit (Hct)
10. Dietary iron enters the enterocyte after being reduced to the ferrous state by duodenal cytochrome b (Dcytb) and being transported by the divalent metal transporter (DMT1). Hephaestin facilitates iron export by ferroportin. Hepatocytes take up either free or transferrin-bound iron and release it back into the circulation via the action of ferroportin. Ferroportin also releases iron from macrophages. Ferroportin-mediated release of iron is inhibited by hepcidin.
25. The assimilation of cobalamin. On entering the stomach, dietary cobalamin (Cbl) forms a complex with R binding protein. As this protein is digested in the small intestine, cobalamin is transferred to intrinsic factor (IF). This complex passes through the intestine until it reaches specific receptors on the mucosa of the distal ileum. The internalized Cbl is then transferred to transcobalamin II (TC II), which circulates in the plasma until it binds to receptors on cells throughout the body and is internalized.
26. Folate is essential for the de novo synthesis of purines, serving as an intermediate carrier of 1-carbon fragments used in the biosynthesis of these compounds. Its active form is tetrahydrofolate (THF)..
27. COBALAMIN DEFICIENCY I. Inadequate intake: vegetarians (rare) II. Malabsorption A. Defective release of cobalamin from food : ( Gastric achlorhydria ; Partial gastrectomy ; Drugs that block acid secretion ) B. Inadequate production of intrinsic factor (IF) : ( Pernicious anemia ; Total gastrectomy ; Congenital absence or functional abnormality of IF (rare) ) C. Disorders of terminal ileum : ( Tropical sprue ; Nontropical sprue ; Regional enteritis ; Intestinal resection ; Neoplasms and granulomatous disorders (rare) ; Selective cobalamin malabsorption ) D. Competition for cobalamin : ( Fish tapeworm (Diphyllobothrium latum) ; Bacteria: "blind loop" syndrome ; Drugs: p - aminosalicylic acid, colchicine, neomycin ) III. Other A. Nitrous oxide B. Transcobalamin II deficiency (rare)
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33. This marrow section demonstrates so-called nuclear-cytoplasmic dissociation; The slow nuclear maturation is related to a decrease in DNA synthesis related to an insufficient supply of reduced folate to synthesize thymidylate. DNA synthesis inhibitors can produce this picture, as can folate and B12 deficiency.
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37. Bone marrow aspirate in megaloblastic anaemia showing early, intermediate and late megaloblasts and a giant metamyelocyte [arrow] .
