The document discusses ionomics, which is the study of the ionome - the complete mineral nutrient and trace element composition of an organism. Ionomics analyzes all elements present in organisms using techniques like ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry). The ionome is one of the four basic biochemical pillars of functional genomics along with the genome, transcriptome, and metabolome. Ionomics has been applied to study plants like Arabidopsis thaliana to identify natural variation in mineral content, map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that control mineral accumulation, and identify genes responsible for ion transport and accumulation. Databases like the Purdue Ionomics Information Management System (PiiMS) have been
A physical map of a chromosome or a genome that shows the physical locations of genes and other DNA sequences of interest. Physical maps are used to help scientists identify and isolate genes by positional cloning.
According to the ICSM (Intergovernmental Committee on Surveying and Mapping), there are five different types of maps: General Reference, Topographical, Thematic, Navigation Charts and Cadastral Maps and Plans.
Transcriptomics is the study of RNA, single-stranded nucleic acid, which was not separated from the DNA world until the central dogma was formulated by Francis Crick in 1958, i.e., the idea that genetic information is transcribed from DNA to RNA and then translated from RNA into protein.
The study of the complete set of RNAs (transcriptome) encoded by the genome of a specific cell or organism at a specific time or under a specific set of conditions is called Transcriptomics.
Transcriptomics aims:
I. To catalogue all species of transcripts, including mRNAs, noncoding RNAs and small RNAs.
II. To determine the transcriptional structure of genes, in terms of their start sites, 5′ and 3′ ends, splicing patterns and other post-transcriptional modifications.
III. To quantify the changing expression levels of each transcript during development and under different conditions.
A physical map of a chromosome or a genome that shows the physical locations of genes and other DNA sequences of interest. Physical maps are used to help scientists identify and isolate genes by positional cloning.
According to the ICSM (Intergovernmental Committee on Surveying and Mapping), there are five different types of maps: General Reference, Topographical, Thematic, Navigation Charts and Cadastral Maps and Plans.
Transcriptomics is the study of RNA, single-stranded nucleic acid, which was not separated from the DNA world until the central dogma was formulated by Francis Crick in 1958, i.e., the idea that genetic information is transcribed from DNA to RNA and then translated from RNA into protein.
The study of the complete set of RNAs (transcriptome) encoded by the genome of a specific cell or organism at a specific time or under a specific set of conditions is called Transcriptomics.
Transcriptomics aims:
I. To catalogue all species of transcripts, including mRNAs, noncoding RNAs and small RNAs.
II. To determine the transcriptional structure of genes, in terms of their start sites, 5′ and 3′ ends, splicing patterns and other post-transcriptional modifications.
III. To quantify the changing expression levels of each transcript during development and under different conditions.
Vector mediated gene transfer methods for transgenesis in Plants.Akshay More
Presentation include Vector mediated gene transfer methods for trans-genesis in Plants. Only Vector-based methods are covered. Vectors includes Bacteria, Viruses, transposable genetic elements. Other possible vectors for transgenesis are also covered.
STS stands for sequence tagged site which is short DNA sequence, generally between 100 and 500 bp in length, that is easily recognizable and occurs only once in the chromosome or genome being studied.
Yeast two hybrid system for Protein Protein Interaction Studiesajithnandanam
Yeast Two Hybrid system uses a reporter gene to detect the interaction of pair of proteins inside the yeast cell nucleus. In the yeast Two Hybrid System, The interaction of target protein to the protein will bring together transcriptional activator, which then switches on the expression of reporter gene.
Access to large-scale omics datasets i.e. genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, phenomics, etc. has revolutionized biology and led to the emergence of systems approaches to advance our understanding of biological processes. With decreasing time and cost to generate these datasets, omics data integration has created both exciting opportunities and immense challenges for biologists, computational biologists, biostatisticians and biomathematicians. Genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics together they help to bring out the best of characters in plants.
The Moss- Physcomitrella patens : A Novel Model System for Plant Development...Senthil Natesan
The moss P.patens has been used as a versatile experimental model organism for the past 80 years and it falls in the division Bryophyta. Being relatively simple in morphology and it generates only few tissues that contain limited number of cell fates (Mark leech et al., 1993), it is extensively being undertaken by plant biologists on both basic and applied strategies covering major areas namely developmental biology, evolution, systems biology, biotechnology ,biodiversity etc., As the organism is predominantly haploid in nature, it is evident that it could allow to develop insights on straight forward investigation/understanding of plant systems and hence, it is amenable for genetic and molecular level studies (Cove., 2009). The availability of complete genome sequence information, genetic and physical map ease the utilization of P.patens in all most all the fields of biology (Yasuko Kamisugi., 2008). It is the only land plant with an efficient system of homologous recombination in its nuclear DNA by which specific gene targeting could be achieved and the strategy of loss of function mutants can be generated by RNAi approach. In this context, the functional genomics of P.patens helps in identifying novel genes which could be employed in metabolic engineering and stress tolerance like drought, salt and osmotic stress thus helps in improving the crop plant performance. Moreover, it serves as a valuable platform for the production of recombinant pharmaceuticals (Anna K. Beike., 2010) Thus, the transfer of novel genes from P.patens has a greater biotechnological impact and may help in better public acceptance. Hence, this presentation aims to confine the advantages of this model plant in plant molecular research by discussing its efficiency in reproduction, range of technologies applied, some interesting characteristic features behind this model and chosen case studies will establish the model behaving as a well-versed medium for wide variety of approaches
Vector mediated gene transfer methods for transgenesis in Plants.Akshay More
Presentation include Vector mediated gene transfer methods for trans-genesis in Plants. Only Vector-based methods are covered. Vectors includes Bacteria, Viruses, transposable genetic elements. Other possible vectors for transgenesis are also covered.
STS stands for sequence tagged site which is short DNA sequence, generally between 100 and 500 bp in length, that is easily recognizable and occurs only once in the chromosome or genome being studied.
Yeast two hybrid system for Protein Protein Interaction Studiesajithnandanam
Yeast Two Hybrid system uses a reporter gene to detect the interaction of pair of proteins inside the yeast cell nucleus. In the yeast Two Hybrid System, The interaction of target protein to the protein will bring together transcriptional activator, which then switches on the expression of reporter gene.
Access to large-scale omics datasets i.e. genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, phenomics, etc. has revolutionized biology and led to the emergence of systems approaches to advance our understanding of biological processes. With decreasing time and cost to generate these datasets, omics data integration has created both exciting opportunities and immense challenges for biologists, computational biologists, biostatisticians and biomathematicians. Genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics together they help to bring out the best of characters in plants.
The Moss- Physcomitrella patens : A Novel Model System for Plant Development...Senthil Natesan
The moss P.patens has been used as a versatile experimental model organism for the past 80 years and it falls in the division Bryophyta. Being relatively simple in morphology and it generates only few tissues that contain limited number of cell fates (Mark leech et al., 1993), it is extensively being undertaken by plant biologists on both basic and applied strategies covering major areas namely developmental biology, evolution, systems biology, biotechnology ,biodiversity etc., As the organism is predominantly haploid in nature, it is evident that it could allow to develop insights on straight forward investigation/understanding of plant systems and hence, it is amenable for genetic and molecular level studies (Cove., 2009). The availability of complete genome sequence information, genetic and physical map ease the utilization of P.patens in all most all the fields of biology (Yasuko Kamisugi., 2008). It is the only land plant with an efficient system of homologous recombination in its nuclear DNA by which specific gene targeting could be achieved and the strategy of loss of function mutants can be generated by RNAi approach. In this context, the functional genomics of P.patens helps in identifying novel genes which could be employed in metabolic engineering and stress tolerance like drought, salt and osmotic stress thus helps in improving the crop plant performance. Moreover, it serves as a valuable platform for the production of recombinant pharmaceuticals (Anna K. Beike., 2010) Thus, the transfer of novel genes from P.patens has a greater biotechnological impact and may help in better public acceptance. Hence, this presentation aims to confine the advantages of this model plant in plant molecular research by discussing its efficiency in reproduction, range of technologies applied, some interesting characteristic features behind this model and chosen case studies will establish the model behaving as a well-versed medium for wide variety of approaches
Bacillus thuringiensis, an aerobic, Gram positive, spore forming bacterium produces unique proteinaceous crystalline parasporal inclusions during sporulation which have insecticidal properties. Besides being widely used as an insecticide in agriculture, Bt has been found to be useful in several fields like medicine, endoparasite control, bacteriocin production as well as enzyme production. Parasporin, a new category of bacterial parasporal protein capable of discriminately killing the cancer cells have been discovered. There are six classes of parasporins having different mode of action and cell specificities against cancer and tumor cells (Ohba et al., 2009).Bt proteins have also been used successfully to suppress the population levels of medically important Dipteran pests like mosquitoes by use of mosquitocidal strains that produce Cry proteins (Zhang et al., 2012) as well as potential therapeutic agent against protozoan disease Leishmaniases (El-Sadawy et al., 2008). Crystal proteins, like Cry5B from Bacillus thuringiensis are found to be safe to vertebrates and have been shown to have efficacy against intestinal hookworm parasites (Capello et al., 2006). Thus the multifarious applications of Bacillus thuringiensis have made it a microbe to reckon with and further study its genome for future developments.
TNAU Seed portal- Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Seed portalSenthil Natesan
Seed play an important role in any technology embedding and we have to produce pure, quality, resistant, healthy seeds for production of healthy food to satisfy our needs.The vast variety of information regarding seeds is scattered and no such organized one stop database available at present
Hence information regarding quality seed production, maintenance of seed quality and purity, minimum seed standards of the crop, Varietal characters, DUS characters and many are incorporated in the user friendly interface TNAU SEED PORTAL .
Majority of agronomic traits are quantitative and are controlled polygenetically.Instead of producing transgenic plants through single gene transfer many researchers are attempting on multigene engineering. The simultaneous transfer of multiple genes in to plants will enable us to produce plants with more desirable characters. Engineering of genes coding for complete metabolic pathways, bacterial operons or biopharmaceuticals that require an assembly of complex multisubunit proteins etc are some of the successful examples of multigene engineering.
New insights into the human genome by ENCODE project Senthil Natesan
It’s been ten years since scientists sequenced the human genome. But what do all these letters?
Researchers could identify in its 3 billion letters many of the regions that code for proteins, but those make
up little more than 1% of the genome, contained in around 21,000 genes a few familiar objects in an otherwise stark and unrecognizable landscape. Many biologists suspected that the information responsible
for the wondrous complexity of humans lay somewhere in the ‘deserts’ between the genes (The ENCODE Project Consortium, 2012).
Interpreting the human genome sequence is one of the leading challenges of 21st century biology
(Collins et al., 2003). In 2003, the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) embarked on an
ambitious project the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE), aiming to delineate all of the functional elements encoded in the human genome sequence (The ENCODE Project Consortium 2004). To further
this goal, NHGRI organized the ENCODE Consortium, an international group of investigators with diverse
backgrounds and expertise in production and analysis of high-throughput functional genomic data. In a pilot project phase spanning 2003–2007, the Consortium applied and compared a variety of experimental and computational methods to annotate functional elements in a defined 1% of the human genome (The ENCODE Project Consortium, 2007)
Genomics platform for agriculture-CAT lectureSenthil Natesan
The popular lecture for the undergraduate students of agriculture to know about the application of biotechnology in agriculture science graduates. Some of the major break through inventions how it impact on agriculture research and development
Academic lecture to MSc students on trace elements in human health, their clinical importance and analytical measurement. Covering the techniques of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), ICP-optical emission spectroscopy and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). MSC Health and Clinical Science
Nanobiotechnological applications in dna therapySenthil Natesan
Gene therapy is a form of molecular medicine that has the potential to influence significantly human health in this 21st century. It promises to provide new treatments for a large number of inherited and acquired diseases (Verma and Weitzman, 2005). The basic concept of gene therapy is simple which includes introduction of a piece of genetic material into target cells that will result in either a cure for the disease or a slowdown in the progression of the disease. To achieve this goal, gene therapy requires technologies capable of gene transfer into a wide variety of cells, tissues, and organs. A key factor in the success of gene therapy is the development of delivery systems that are capable of efficient gene transfer in a variety of tissues, without causing any associated pathogenic effects. Vectors based upon many different viral systems, including retroviruses, lentiviruses, adenoviruses, and adeno-associated viruses, currently offer the best choice for efficient gene delivery.
How to deal with complex virus disease problems Senthil Natesan
Group of emerging plant viruses causing economically significant damage to a broad range of field crops, vegetables, ornamentals, fruits, etc.
Viruses can not move by themselves
and they need a “safe” vehicle to spread from plant to plant one such is thrips -Naidu A. Rayapati, Presentation at CPMB, TNAU 19th,August 2009
Nutrigenomics is the science that examines the response of individuals to food compounds using post-genomic and related technologies (e.g. genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabol/nomic etc.). The long-term aim of nutrigenomics is to understand how the whole body responds to real foods using an integrated approach termed 'systems biology'. The huge advantage in this approach is that the studies can examine people (i.e. populations, sub-populations - based on genes or disease - and individuals), food, life-stage and life-style without preconceived ideas.
Many factors impacting the measurement precision of ICP-OES and ICP-MS are still often neglected for everyday operation, however. Sample preparation is one of the factors that play a crucial role in the success of high-quality sample analysis. In this webinar, our experts will discuss sample preparation to: 1) improve analysis precision 2) make difficult samples easy to be analyzed 3) eliminate sample dilution to minimize error introduction.
For more information, please visit here: http://chrom.ms/CtRtKpw
Near and mid-infrared spectroscopic determination of algal compositionzhenhua82
The objective of this study was to evaluate whether near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) or mid-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (MIRS) could be used to determine the composition of algal turf scrubber samples. We assayed a set of algal turf scrubber (ATS) samples (n = 117) by NIRS, MIRS, and conventional means for ash, total sugar, mono-sugar, total N, and P content. A subset of these samples (n = 64) were assayed by conventional means, MIRS, and NIRS for total lipid and total fatty acid content. We developed calibrations using all the samples and a one-out cross-validation procedure under partial least-squares regression. This process was repeated using 75% of randomly selected samples to develop the calibration and the remaining samples as an independent test set. Results using the entire sample set demonstrated that NIRS and MIRS can accurately determine ash (r (2) = 0.994 and 0.995, respectively) and total N (r (2) = 0.787 and 0.820, respectively) content, but not phosphorus, total sugar, or mono-sugar content in ATS samples. Results using the 64 sample subset indicated that neither NIRS nor MIRS can accurately determine lipid or total fatty acid content in ATS samples.
This ppt explains the basics of mass spectrometry and in application in pharmacognosy. Hope this helps you guys. Like, comment and save. If you hav problem downloading, send your email address; i'll post it for you by mail :)
Enjoy the presentation.
Laser Ablation Molecular Isotopic Spectrometry for rare isotopes of the light...Alexander Bolshakov
Laser ablation molecular isotopic spectrometry (LAMIS) involves measuring isotope-resolved molecular emission. Measurements of several key isotopes (hydrogen, boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and chlorine) in laser ablation plumes were demonstrated. Requirements for spectral resolution of the optical detection system could be significantly relaxed when the isotopic ratio was determined using chemometric regression models. Multiple applications of LAMIS are anticipated in the nuclear power industry, medical diagnostics and therapies, forensics, carbon sequestration, and agronomy studies.
Centre of innovation, Agricultural College and Research Institute,MaduraiSenthil Natesan
Establishment Central Instrumentation facility with the cost of 6.03 crore to take up multidisciplinary research project at AC&RI,Madurai. The analytical platform includes UP-HPLC for amino acid analysis, XRF for micronutrient analysis and GC-MS for metabolic profiling. The imaging facilities like upright, inverted and Florence microscope established for imaging pathogen & Insects. The molecular biology lab with real time PCR will help for the gene expression studies.
The agriculture sector employs nearly half of the workforce in the country. However, it contributes to 17.5% of the GDP (at current prices in 2015-16).Agriculture sector’s contribution has decreased from more than 50% of GDP in the 1950s to 15.4% in 2015-16 (at constant prices). This slides discuss about Indian agriculture status and problems and solutions.
paper presented during the National seminar on Challanges and Innovative approaches in Crop Improvement at AC&RI, Madurai. during December 16-17, 2014 .Germplasm conservation in Oil Palm by Dr P. Murugesan Indian Institute of Oil Palm Research
Improvement of Medicinal Plants: Challenges and Innovative ApproachesSenthil Natesan
Paper Presented during the National seminar on Challenges and Innovative approaches in crop improvement held at AC&RI, Madurai , TNAU by
Dr.P. Manivel, Directorate of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, Boriavi-387310, Anand, Gujarat
Castor is an oilseed plant which is earning attention on researchers in recent days. Because of this, the gemplasms of ancient varieties were now recovered and grown in trial fields for getting genetically superior variety.
As a result, in Castor and Tapioca research station there a variety named YRCH (Yethapur Ricinus Communis Hybrid) with all desired traits which are essential for a plant both phenotypically and genetically was developed.
Triacylglycerols produced by plants are one of the most energy-rich and abundant forms of reduced carbon available from nature. Given their chemical similarities, plant oils represent a logical substitute for conventional diesel, a non-renewable energy source. However, as plant oils are too viscous for use in modern diesel engines, they are converted to fatty acid esters. Apart from seed oil vegetative tissue is potential source as bio mass for biofuel production, taking 15 tonnes per hectare as an average dry matter yield for a perennial grass, an oil content of 20– 25% by weight will produce about 3400 l of biodiesel (Heaton et al., 2004). There is growing interest in engineering green biomass to expand the production of plant oils as feed and biofuels. Here, we show that PHOSPHOLIPID: DIACYLGLYCEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE1 (PDAT1) is a critical enzyme involved in triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis in leaves. Overexpression of PDAT1 increases leaf TAG accumulation, leading to oil droplet overexpansion through fusion. Ectopic expression of oleosin promotes the clustering of small oil droplets. Coexpression of PDAT1 with oleosin boosts leaf TAG content by up to 6.4% of the dry weight without affecting membrane lipid composition and plant growth. PDAT1 overexpression stimulates fatty acid synthesis (FAS) and increases fatty acid flux toward the prokaryotic glycerolipid pathway (Julian at al..2013). First, an Arabidopsis thaliana gene diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) coding for a key enzyme in triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthesis, was expressed in tobacco under the control of a strong ribulose-biphosphate carboxylase small subunit promoter. This modification led to up to a 20-fold increase in TAG accumulation in tobacco leaves and translated into an overall of about a twofold increase in extracted fatty acids (FA) up to 5.8% of dry biomass in Nicotiana tabacum cv Wisconsin, and up to 6% in high-sugar tobacco variety NC-55 ( Andrianovet al 2010). Therefore Biotechnology has important and perhaps critical part to play in large-scale development of Biodiesel.
Vaccines have been revolutionary for the prevention of infectious diseases. Despite worldwide immunization of children against the six devastating diseases, 20% of infants are still left un-immunized; responsible for approximately two million unnecessary deaths every year, especially in the remote and impoverished parts of the globe. This is because of the constraints on vaccine production, distribution and delivery. One hundred percent coverage is desirable, because un-immunized populations in remote areas can spread infections and epidemics in the immunized safe areas, which have comparatively low herd immunity. For some infectious diseases, immunizations either do not exist or they are unreliable or very expensive. Immunization through DNA vaccines is an alternative but is an expensive approach, with disappointing immune response. Hence the search is on for cost-effective, easy-to-administer, easy-to-store, fail-safe and socio-culturally readily acceptable vaccines and their delivery systems. As Hippocrates said, Let thy food be thy medicine, scientists suggest that plants and plant viruses can be genetically engineered to produce vaccines against diseases such as dental caries; and life-threatening infections like diarrhea, AIDS, etc (Lal et al., 2007)
Cellular signal transduction pathways under abiotic stressSenthil Natesan
Abiotic stresses, especially cold, salinity and drought, are the primary causes of crop loss worldwide. Plant adaptation to environmental stresses is dependent upon the activation of cascades of molecular networks involved in stress perception, signal transduction, and the expression of specific stress-related genes and metabolites. Plants have stress-specific adaptive responses as well as responses which protect the plants from more than one environmental stress. There are multiple stress perception and signaling pathways, some of which are specific, but others may cross-talk at various steps (Knight & knight ,2001).Many cold induced pathways are activated to protect plants from deleterious effects of cold stress, but till date, most studied pathway is ICE-CBF-COR signaling pathway (Miura and Furumoto,2013 ) . The Salt-Overly-Sensitive (SOS) pathway, identified through isolation and study of the sos1, sos2, and sos3 mutants, is essential for maintaining favorable ion ratios in the cytoplasm and for tolerance of salt stress (shi .et al ,2002). Both ABA-dependent and -independent signaling pathways appear to be involved in osmotic stress tolerance (Nakashima and shinozaki, 2013) .ROS play a dual role in the response of plants to abiotic stresses functioning as toxic by-products of stress metabolism, as well as important signal transduction molecules and the ROS signaling networks can control growth, development, and stress response ( Mahajan,s and Tuteja, 2005) .
Genotyping by Sequencing is a robust,fast and cheap approach for high throughput marker discovery.It has applications in crop improvement programs by enhancing identification of superior genotypes.
TNAU CRMD - A Customer Relationship Management datahouse for TNAUSenthil Natesan
Every great business starts with a great relationship. Every great relationship starts with You.
The strategy for establishing, developing and maintaining these relationships is CRM. (Customer Relationship Management).
The system that support this strategy is TNAU CRMD software.
TNAU CRMD offers unrivalled flexibility to design CRM applications and processes based on our needs.
TNAU PDB- Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Proteome Database-Black gram pro...Senthil Natesan
In India, blackgram is the main edible crop ranking fourth among the pulses. There is a need to increase the performance of pulse crops, particularly in developing countries, where most grain legume production is for human consumption and demand is increasing due to population increase.Investigation was carried out on the possible effects of artificial ageing on dry seeds of blackgram. We have analyzed the quantitative and qualitative proteome changes in artificially aged dry seeds compared with that in control and the results were presented herein.Fresh seeds taken as control and 6 days artificially seeds as test.There were totally 59 spots detected both in fresh and accelerated aged seeds. Among these 16 spots differentially were expressed by artificial ageing, including 4 up regulated spots and 12 down regulated ones.
The reference 2D-PAGE gel shows the position of each identified protein in control. The entire list of protein can also be obtained by selecting the crop variety displayed inside the table. By selecting the spot in the gel image the entire information about that protein in both control as well as test can be obtained.All the reference maps are also displayed under 2D gel section for a quick reference.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
2. Why ionome
• Living systems are supported and sustained by the genome through
the action of the transcriptome, proteome, metabolome, and
ionome, the four basic biochemical pillars of functional genomics.
• These pillars represent the sum of all the expressed
genes, proteins, metabolites, and elements within an organism.
• The dynamic response and interaction of these biochemical ‘‘omes’’
defines how a living system functions, and its study, systems
biology, is now one of the biggest challenges in the life sciences
• The ionome is involved in such a broad range of important
biological phenomena, including
electrophysiology, signaling, enzymology, osmoregulation, and
transport, its study promises to yield new and significant biological
insight.
3. What area it is covering ?
• Lahner and colleagues first described the ionome to include all the
metals, metalloids, and nonmetals present in an organism (Lahner et
al., 2003), extending the term metallome (Outten and O’Halloran, 2001;
Williams, 2001; Szpunar, 2004) to include biologically significant
nonmetals such as nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, selenium, chlorine, and
iodine.
• It is important to note here that the boundaries between the
ionome, metabolome, and proteome are blurred.
• Compounds containing the nonmetals phosphorus, sulfur, or nitrogen, for
example, would fall within both the ionome and metabolome, and metals
such as zinc, copper, manganese, and iron in metalloproteins would fall
within the proteome, or metalloproteome as it has been described
(Szpunar, 2004).
• The elements measured in the ionome will be determined by their
biological importance or environmental relevance, in conjunction with
their amenability to quantitation
David E. Salt 2004.Update on Plant Ionomics. Plant Physiology 136: 2451–2456
4.
5. Ionome flow chart details
• Figure 1. High-throughput ionomics. Putative mutants and wild-type Arabidopsis plants are grown
together with known ionomic mutants, used as positive controls, under standardized conditions.
• Plants are uniformly sampled, digested in concentrated nitric acid, diluted, and analyzed for
numerous elements using ICP-MS.
• Raw ICP-MS data are normalized using analytical standards and calculated weights based on wild-
type plants (Lahner et al., 2003).
• Data are processed using custom tools and stored in a searchable,World WideWeb-accessible
database.
• Ionomic analysis can also be applied to other plants with available genetic resources, including rice
and maize.
• Elements in the Periodic Table highlighted in black boxes represent those elements analyzed during
our ionomic analyses using ICP-MS, elements highlighted in green are essential for plant
growth, and those in red represent nonessential trace elements.
• The table represents Arabidopsis (Col 0) shoot and seed ionomes, all elements presented as mg g21
dry weight. Data represent the average shoot concentrations from 60 individual plants and seed
from 12 individuals 6 SD as percentage of average (%RSD), all plants grown as described by Lahner
et al. (2003).
David E. Salt 2004.Update on Plant Ionomics. Plant Physiology 136: 2451–2456
6. Natural variation –Arabidopsis ionome
• Natural variation in Arabidopsis seed and shoot
phosphate accumulation is known to exist between the
Ler and Cvi accessions (Bentsink et al., 2003), and for
potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, iron, mangan
ese, zinc, and phosphorus in seeds of numerous
ecotypes (Vreugdenhil et al., 2004).
• Analyses of Ler/Cvi recombinant inbred lines revealed
quantitative trait loci (QTL) that explain between 10%
and 79% of this variation for the different elements
(Vreugdenhil et al., 2004). Natural variation in several
Arabidopsis ecotypes has also been observed for shoot
caesium
Baxter et al.2007 Purdue Ionomics Information Management System. An
Integrated Functional Genomics Platform. Plant Physiology, 143: 600–611
7. Does this mutation have an ionomic
phenotype?’
• Currently, PiiMS contains shoot ionomic data on over 7,500
unique Arabidopsis lines, including fastneutron, EMS, and
T-DNA-mutagenized lines, natural accessions, and RILs, of
which approximately 1,500 are available in the ABRC and
SIGnAL collections
• The database contains data on homozygous sequence
indexed T-DNA lines in over 1,000 unique genes.
• The lines include knockouts in transporters and kinases
selected by the Arabidopsis 2010 Ionomics group
(http://www.cbs.umn.edu/Arabidopsis/ionome), as well as
lines sent to us by other users interested in the ionomics
phenotype of knockouts in their genes of interest.
8. Inductively Coupled Plasma- Optical Emission
Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) technology behind
• The ICP is designed to generate a plasma, a gas in which atoms are present in the ionized state .
• To generate a plasma a silica torch is used, situated within a water- or argon-cooled coil of a radio
frequency generator (RF coil). Flowing gas (plasma gas) [typically argon (Ar)] is introduced into the
plasma torch and the radio frequency field ionizes the gas, making it electrically conductive.
• The plasma is maintained by the inductive heating of the flowing gas. The plasma, at up to 8000
K, is insulated both electrically and thermally from the instrument, and maintained in position by a
flow of cooling argon gas (coolant gas).
• The sample to be analyzed, as an aerosol, is carried into the plasma by a third argon gas stream
(carrier gas).
• A nebulizer in the instrument transforms the aqueous sample into an aerosol. The sample is
pumped into the nebulizer via a peristaltic pump where it is converted into an aerosol, which
passes into the spray chamber with the carrier argon gas.
• In the spray chamber the finest sample droplets are swept into the plasma while the large sample
droplets settle out and run to waste
• Onintroduction into the plasma atoms in the sample are ionized, generally into singly charged
positive ions. Once ionized the analyte atoms are detected using either an optical emission
spectrometer or a mass spectrometer.
Salt et al .2008 Ionomics and the Study of the Plant Ionome .
Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 59:709–33
9. Inductively Coupled Plasma
Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) Vs ( ICP-OES)
• Advantage of ICP-MS over ICP-OES is that it allows for a smaller
sample size owing to its greater sensitivity.
• Although ICPOES is less sensitive than ICP-MS, some of this
sensitivity is won back by the robustness of ICP-OES in more
concentrated sample matrices.
• Whereas ICP-MS struggles with sample matrices with greater than
about 0.1% solids, ICP-OES can handle up to about 3% dissolved
solids
• Drawbacks of ICP-MS is that the formation of polyatomic ionic
species in the plasma can interfere with the measurement of
particular elements; e.g., 40Ar16O+ interferes with the
determination of 56Fe.
• An alternative approach to the removal or reduction of interfering
polyatomic ions is to utilize a single collector magnetic sector high-
resolution ICP-MS (HR-ICP-MS).
Salt et al .2008 Ionomics and the Study of the Plant Ionome .
Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 59:709–33
10. ICP-MS Analysis
• eLaboratory portal, PiiMS divides the Purdue Ionomics pipeline into
four process stages defined as Planting, Harvesting, Drying, and MS
Analysis .
• These processes can be generalized as experimental
subject, sample acquisition, sample preparation, and sample
analysis. Samples are first prepared for ICP-MS analysis by drying
and digestion in acid.
• The concentrations of various elements in the sample are then
quantified using ICP-MS. Within the eManagement portal, there are
tools to define the list of elements to be analyzed, providing full
flexibility in the analysis.
• ICP-MS analyst is satisfied with the quality of the data, it is released
into the database for general searching and visualization.
Baxter et al.2007 Purdue Ionomics Information Management System. An
Integrated Functional Genomics Platform. Plant Physiology, 143: 600–611
11.
12.
13. Baxter et al.2007 Purdue Ionomics Information Management System. An
Integrated Functional Genomics Platform. Plant Physiology, 143: 600–611
14.
15. Purdue Ionomics Information Management
System (PiiMS) www.purdue.edu/dp/ionomics
• PiiMS currently contains data on shoot concentrations of
P, Ca, K, Mg, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn, Co, Ni, B, Se, Mo, Na, As, and Cd in over
60,000 shoot tissue samples of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis
thaliana), including ethyl methanesulfonate, fast-neutron and
defined T-DNA mutants
• Natural accession and populations of recombinant inbred lines from
over 800 separate experiments, representing over 1,000,000 fully
quantitative elemental concentrations.
• Using Web services, we also plan to integrate the PiiMS ionomics
dataset with other Arabidopsis resources.
• Finally, we are taking the basic architectural principles of PiiMS and
generalizing them across other organisms, including rice (Oryza
sativa) and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), as well as other omics
technologies, including proteomics and metabolomics
Salt, 2004.Update on Plant Ionomics. Plant Physiology 136: 2451–2456
16. Applications
• Once ionomics QTL have been identified, genomic tools available
for A. thaliana and to some extent rice and maize can be used to
locate the genes that underlie these QTL and thus describe the
traits at a molecular level
• Genes responsible for QTL that control Na in rice and A. thaliana ;
interestingly, the responsible gene was found to be the Na-
transporter HKT1 in both species.
• Loudet et al. recently identified the gene that controls a major QTL
for sulfate accumulation in A. thalianaadenosine 5-phosphosulfate
reductase, a central enzyme in sulfate assimilation.
• Researchers are also well on the way to identifying the gene that
controls a major QTL for seed P content in A. thaliana, which has
currently been narrowed down to only 13 open reading frames
Salt et al .2008 Ionomics and the Study of the Plant Ionome .
Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 59:709–33