The compounds which are made up of ions are known as ionic compounds.
In an ionic compound, the positively charged ions and negatively charged ions are held together by the strong electrostatic forces of attraction.
The forces which hold the ions together in an ionic compound are known as ionic bonds and electrovalent bonds.
Structural diagrams,condensed structures and line structures of hydrocarbons.How to identify a substance as Organic and inorganic ?.How to classify hydrocarbons? What is the difference between alkanes,alkenes and alkynes?
✔Here is an introduction to the Chemistry of Life, where you will learn about Ionic, Covalent and Metallic bonds. This presentation touches briefly, but it covers the definition of three major types of chemical bonds: ionic, covalent, and metallic. Ionic bonds form due to the transfer of an electron from one atom to another. Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between two atoms. Metallic bonds are formed by the attraction between metal ions and delocalized, or "free" electrons.✔
Here is a YouTube of this presentation:
➡➡➡https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8cRQjClbeas&feature=youtu.be
Check out more interesting posts on LabGirl:
➡➡➡ https://www.facebook.com/labgirldzd
Thank you! :)
Structural diagrams,condensed structures and line structures of hydrocarbons.How to identify a substance as Organic and inorganic ?.How to classify hydrocarbons? What is the difference between alkanes,alkenes and alkynes?
✔Here is an introduction to the Chemistry of Life, where you will learn about Ionic, Covalent and Metallic bonds. This presentation touches briefly, but it covers the definition of three major types of chemical bonds: ionic, covalent, and metallic. Ionic bonds form due to the transfer of an electron from one atom to another. Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between two atoms. Metallic bonds are formed by the attraction between metal ions and delocalized, or "free" electrons.✔
Here is a YouTube of this presentation:
➡➡➡https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8cRQjClbeas&feature=youtu.be
Check out more interesting posts on LabGirl:
➡➡➡ https://www.facebook.com/labgirldzd
Thank you! :)
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
3. An ion is an atom or group of
atoms that have a net electrical
charge. An ion is formed when
electrons or protons are gained or
lost by an atom.
There are two types of ions:
Cations and Anions.
4. Cations :A positively charged ion is
known as cations. A cation is
formed by the loss of one or more
electrons by an atom.
Anions: A negatively charged ion is
known as Anion. An anion is
formed by the gain of one or more
electrons by an atom.
5. The compounds which are made up of ions
are known as ionic compounds.
In an ionic compound, the positively charged
ions and negatively charged ions are held
together by the strong electrostatic forces of
attraction.
The forces which hold the ions together in an
ionic compound are known as ionic bonds
and electrovalent bonds.
6. Since an ionic compound consists of an equal
number of positive ions and negative ions, so
overall charge of an ionic compound is zero.
Example: Sodium chloride- NaCl
Potassium Chloride- KCl
+ =
Na Cl NaCl
7. During the formation of NaCl, one electron is
transferred from a sodium atom to a chlorine
atom
8.
9. Name Formula Ions present
1. Sodium Chloride NaCl Na+ and Cl-
2.Potassiun Chloride KCl K+ and Cl-
3.Ammonium Chloride NH4Cl NH4
+ and Cl-
4.Magnesium Chloride MgCl2 Mg2+ and Cl-
5. Calcium Chloride CaCl2 Ca2+ and Cl-
6. Magnesium Oxide MgO Mg2+ and O2-
7. Calcium Oxide CaO Ca2+ and O2-
8.Aluminium Oxide Al2O3 Al3+ and O2-
9.Sodium Hydroxide NaOH Na+ and OH-
10.Copper Sulphate CuSO4 Cu2+ and SO4
2-
11.Calcium Nitrate Ca(NO3)2 Ca2+ and NO3
-
Note: Ionic compounds are made up of a metal and a non-metal(except ammonium
chloride which is made up of only non-metals.
10. The attraction between the cation and the anion
is known as an ionic bond. This bond is what
holds the ionic compound together.
11. The simplest combination of ions that
produces an electrically neutral unit, is called
a ‘Formula Unit’ of ionic compound.
The ‘formula unit’ of an ionic compound can
be thought of as the smallest unit that
compound, it is the equivalent of a ‘molecule’
of the compound.
12. Formula mass is the sum of the atomic
masses of the atoms (or ions) represented by
its formula.
In order to calculate the formula mass of an
ionic compound, we should know the formula
of the ionic compound as well as the atomic
masses of all the atoms (or ions) present in
the formula.
13. To calculate the formula mass of potassium
carbonate (K2CO3):
Atomic masses: K= 39u ; C= 12u ; 0= 16u
Formula
mass of
K2CO3
=
Mass of 2
K atoms +
Mass of one
C atom +
Mass of 3 O
atoms
= 2*39 + 12 + 3*16
= 78 + 12 + 48
= 138u
Thus, the formula mass of potassium carbonate is
14. At room temperature, most are hard,
brittle solids that can be crushed.
15. Ionic compounds form
crystals that have an
alternating arrangement of
positively charged ions and
negatively charged ions, so
that when they break their
edges are well-defined.
16. In an ionic crystal, every ion is attracted to
every other ion in the crystal. As a result, ionic
crystals have very high melting points
ex.) NaCl melts at 800oC
17. When an ionic compound
dissolves in water, the crystal
structure breaks down and
the ions become free to
move.