UML stands for Unified Modelling Language.
UML is a standard language for specifying, visualizing, constructing, and documenting a system in which software represents the most significant part.
UML is different from the other common programming languages like C++, Java, COBOL etc.
UML is a pictorial language used to make software blue prints.
UML can serve as a central notation for software development process. Using UML helps project teams communicate, explore potential designs, and validate the architectural designs of software.
UML diagrams are made using notation of things and relationships.
The building blocks of UML can be defined as:
Things
Relationships
Diagrams
Things: Things are the most important building blocks of UML. Things can be:
Structural
Behavioral
Grouping
Annotational
The Structural things define the static part of the model. They represent physical and conceptual elements. Following are the brief descriptions of the structural things.
Class: Class represents set of objects having similar responsibilities.
Interface: Interface defines a set of operations which specify the responsibility of a class.
Collaboration: Collaboration defines interaction between elements.
Use case: Use case represents a set of actions performed by a system for a specific goal.
Component: Component describes physical part of a system.
Node: A node can be defined as a physical element that exists at run time.
A behavioral thing consists of the dynamic parts of UML models. Following are the behavioral things:
Interaction: Interaction is defined as a behavior that consists of a group of messages exchanged among elements to accomplish a specific task.
State machine: State machine is useful when the state of an object in its life cycle is important. It defines the sequence of states an object goes through in response to events. Events are external factors responsible for state change.
Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a modeling language, used for design. Designed based on OMG Standard, Object this helps to express and design documents, software. This is particularly useful for OO design. Here is a brief tutorial that talks about UML usage.
Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a modeling language, used for design. Designed based on OMG Standard, Object this helps to express and design documents, software. This is particularly useful for OO design. Here is a brief tutorial that talks about UML usage.
This Presentation contains all the topics in design concept of software engineering. This is much more helpful in designing new product. You have to consider some of the design concepts that are given in the ppt
Library 2.0 technologies in academic libraries, a case study of student use a...Anne Morris
These are the slides of a presentation given at the Online International 2008 conference in London December 2-4. The presentation reviews the types of Library 2.0 technologies available and how these are being implemented within the higher education sector, examines their potential barriers, and describes a small scale research project undertaken to investigate student use and perceptions of Library 2.0 services at Loughborough University.
This Presentation contains all the topics in design concept of software engineering. This is much more helpful in designing new product. You have to consider some of the design concepts that are given in the ppt
Library 2.0 technologies in academic libraries, a case study of student use a...Anne Morris
These are the slides of a presentation given at the Online International 2008 conference in London December 2-4. The presentation reviews the types of Library 2.0 technologies available and how these are being implemented within the higher education sector, examines their potential barriers, and describes a small scale research project undertaken to investigate student use and perceptions of Library 2.0 services at Loughborough University.
While doing a PPT presentation we have to keep in mind that the slides should be well arranged and don't describe too many unnecessary things in that. Because most of us only watch that by the pictures they don't like reading bullshit articles. This presentation is about how a software can help a library, from student databases to the prizes of books and other thing can be included there too. So don't be bother any more if you are a librarian then you must have a computer and if a software is installed it that like this then surely it's going to help you in your busy schedule. I have done that in past for my college seminar project for my college last year. The mentor and juries liked that so much. Just think about this, May be you could make lot changes in that for future. If i have spoke something wrong then plz forgive me.Good Luck bye...
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UChC0cB2n_-n27-STBvGP2NQ
#SURANA_COLLEGE_BENGALURU
Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a general purpose modelling language. The main aim of UML is to define a standard way to visualize the way a system has been designed. It is quite similar to blueprints used in other fields of engineering.
UML is not a programming language, it is rather a visual language. We use UML diagrams to portray the behavior and structure of a system. UML helps software engineers, businessmen and system architects with modelling, design and analysis. The Object Management Group (OMG) adopted Unified Modelling Language as a standard in 1997. Its been managed by OMG ever since. International Organization for Standardization (ISO) published UML as an approved standard in 2005. UML has been revised over the years and is reviewed periodically.
Detailed description and introduction to UML(Unified Modeling Language).Structural and behavioral modeling.Class Diagram, Object Diagram.Notation for building all kinds of UML diagrams.
It is a Unix like operating system.
It can run on 32 bit and 64 bit hardware.
Linux OS, is a freely distributable, cross-platform
Supports multiple processors.
True multi-tasking, multi-user OS.
Following are some of the important features of Linux Operating System.
Portable - Portability means softwares can works on different types of hardwares in same way.Linux kernel and application programs supports their installation on any kind of hardware platform.
Open Source - Linux source code is freely available and it is community based development project. Multiple teams works in collaboration to enhance the capability of Linux operating system and it is continuously evolving.
Multi-User - Linux is a multiuser system means multiple users can access system resources like memory/ ram/ application programs at same time.
Multiprogramming - Linux is a multiprogramming system means multiple applications can run at same time.
Hierarchical File System - Linux provides a standard file structure in which system files/ user files are arranged.
Shell - Linux provides a special interpreter program which can be used to execute commands of the operating system. It can be used to do various types of operations, call application programs etc.
Security - Linux provides user security using authentication features like password protection/ controlled access to specific files/ encryption of data.
Introductio to Abstract Window Toolkit (AWT)Ashita Agrawal
Abstract window toolkit is collection of classes and interfaces. The major advantage of AWT is Applets.
Applets interact with the user through the AWT and not through the console-based I/O classes.
The Awt contains support for a window based graphical Interface.
The AWT is huge collection of classes and interfaces.
Following table contains the list of classes present in jav.awt package.
Java.awt package is one of Java’s largest packages. Since AWT classes are logically organised in a top-down, hierarchical fashion, it is easy to understand and use them.
Inheritance in Object Oriented ProgrammingAshita Agrawal
Index
Introduction
Derived class
visibility modes
Types of inheritance
Virtual base class
Constructors in derived classes
Inheritance
The mechanism of deriving a new class from an old class is called inheritance.
The old class is referred as base class and new one is called as derived class.
A new class inherits some or all properties from the base class.
Inheritance enables reusability.
SET
A set is a well defined collection of objects, called the “elements” or “members” of the set.
A specific set can be defined in two ways-
If there are only a few elements, they can be listed individually, by writing them between curly braces ‘{ }’ and placing commas in between. E.g.- {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
The second way of writing set is to use a property that defines elements of the set.
e.g.- {x | x is odd and 0 < x < 100}
If x is an element o set A, it can be written as ‘x A’
If x is not an element of A, it can be written as ‘x A’
Special types of sets-
Standard notations used to define some sets:
N- set of all natural numbers
Z- set of all integers
Q- set of all rational numbers
R- set of all real numbers
C- set of all complex numbers
TYPES OF SETS
-subset
-singleton set
-universal set
-empty set
-finite set
-infinte set
-eual set
-disjoint set
-cardinal set
-power set
OPERATIONS ON SET
The four basic operations are:
1. Union of Sets
2. Intersection of sets
3. Complement of the Set
4. Cartesian Product of sets
Union of two given sets is the smallest set which contains all the elements of both the sets.
A B = {x | x A or x B}
Let a and b are sets, the intersection of two sets A and B, denoted by A B is the set consisting of elements which are in A as well as in B
A B = {X | x A and x B}
If A B= , the sets are said to be disjoint.
If U is a universal set containing set A, then U-A is called complement of a set.
Overview of business
INDEX
Types Of Business
Industrial Sector
Globalization
Definition:
Business is an economic activity involving the regular production or distribution of goods and services with the objective of earning profits through the satisfaction of human wants.
Types of business:
1.Service
2.Manufacturing
3.Trade
Service
Service industry is the major type of business running in India. Examples – entertainment, consultancy, banking, telecommunication, call centres, KPO, etc.Service is different from manufacturing and trading of goods.
Manufacturing
In manufacturing, the items are produced using raw materials with the help of different engineering process and technologies. Other business depend on manufacturing. Hence it is very important. Example- machines, automobiles, stationary, etc.
Trade
These enterprises are concerned with the distribution of products i.e. sale of products , distribution, transfer, exchange of goods to business houses as well as consumers. Trading enterprises may be found operating in form of :
Wholesale
Retail
Import and export
Investment trusts, etc.
Types Of Industrial Sector
Trade
Automobile
Cement
Chemicals
Pharmaceuticals
Engineering goods
Jute
Iron and steel
Village industries
Petrochemical
Rubber & leather products
Small scale industries
Sugar
Tea
Textile
Agro based
Food based
Handicrafts, etc.
Engineering Industry
Engineering industry mainly deals with:
Design
Manufacture
Operations of structures, machines, or devices.
This industry primarily includes sectors like:
Civil
Computer and IT
Industrial
Electrical
Mechanical
Chemical
Process Industry
The process industries do different processes on the raw material to produce the final product.
The process could be either continuous or occur on a batch of materials.
Examples:
Wood and wooden products
Chemicals
Paper
Textile
Coal
Rubber
Plastics, etc.
Textile Industry
Textile industry deals with design and manufacturing of clothing products. Indian textile industries are one of the leading in the world. It includes following sectors:
Cotton
Jute
Sericulture
Wool and woollen
Man made fibre/ filament yarn
IT Industry
Information technology (IT) industry in India has played a key role in putting India on the global map. IT industry in India has been one of the most significant growth contributors for the Indian economy.
Major IT companies are:
Infosys
Accenture
Cognizant
CMC
Wipro
Oracle, etc.
Globalization
Globalization (or globalisation) is the process of international integration arising from the interchange of world views, products, ideas and other aspects of culture.
Globalization has allowed companies to increase their base of operations. It has supported companies to expand their workspace with relatively small investments and provide novel services to a wide range of consumers.
it covers the following topics:
Java Evolution
Overview
Constants, variables & data types
Operators and expressions
Decision making and branching
Decision making and looping
Classes, objects & methods
Arrays, Strings and Vectors
Interface
Packages
Multi-threading
Managing errors and exceptions
Applet programming
Introduction:
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was born on 2 October 1869 in Porbandar, a coastal town in present-day Gujarat, India. His father, Karamchand Gandhi (1822–1885), who belonged to the Hindu Modh community, was the diwan (Prime Minister) of Porbander state, a small princely state in the Kathiawar Agency of British India.
Social Position:
Gandhi was born into the second highest caste in Hindu society – the Ruler-Warrior Caste.
As a youth (about 15-years-old):
He had his schooling in nearby Rajkot, where his father served as the adviser or prime minister to the local ruler. In May 1883, the 13-year old Mohandas was married to 14-year old Kasturbai Makhanji in an arranged child marriage, as was the custom in the region. In 1885, when Gandhi was 15, the couple's first child was born, but survived only a few days;
Later Teen Years:
On 4 September 1888, less than a month shy of his 19th birthday, Gandhi traveled to London, England, to study law at University College London and to train as a barrister. His time in London, the Imperial capital, was influenced by a vow he had made to his mother in the presence of the Jain monk Becharji, upon leaving India, to observe the Hindu precepts of abstinence from meat, alcohol, and promiscuity.
Gandhi in South Africa: 1893- 1914 :
In South Africa, Gandhi faced discrimination directed at Indians. He was thrown off a train at Pietermaritzburg after refusing to move from the first class to a third class coach while holding a valid first class ticket. Traveling farther on by stagecoach he was beaten by a driver for refusing to travel on the foot board to make room for a European passenger. These events were a turning point in his life, awakening him to social injustice and influencing his subsequent social activism.
The South Africa Years :
Gandhi served in and lead an Ambulance Corps Unit in both the Boer War 1899-1892 and the Zulu War of 1906. By supporting the British government, Gandhi hoped to gain full citizenship for Indians in South Africa, a goal he did not achieve.
Returning to India in 1915:
In 1915, Gandhi returned from South Africa to live in India. He spoke at the conventions of the Indian National Congress, but was primarily introduced to Indian issues, politics and the Indian people by Gopal Krishna Gokhale, a respected leader of the Congress Party at the time.
Role in World War I :
In April 1918, during the latter part of World War I, Gandhi was invited by the Viceroy to a War Conference in Delhi. Perhaps to show his support for the Empire and help his case for India's independence, Gandhi agreed to actively recruit Indians for the war effort. In contrast to the Zulu War of 1906 and the outbreak of World War I in 1914, when he recruited volunteers for the Ambulance Corps, this time Gandhi attempted to recruit combatants.
Cloud computing - new class of network based computingAshita Agrawal
Cloud Computing is a general term used to describe a new class of network based computing that takes place over the Internet,
-basically a step on from Utility Computing
-a collection/group of integrated and networked hardware, software and Internet infrastructure (called a platform).
The hardware and software services are available to
general public, enterprises, corporations and businesses markets.
TYPES OF CLOUD:
There are different types of clouds that you can subscribe to depending on your needs. As a home user or small business owner, you will most likely use public cloud services.
1.public
2.hybrid
3.community
4.private
PURPOSE AND BENEFITS
-Cloud computing enables companies and applications, which are system infrastructure dependent, to be infrastructure-less.
-By using the Cloud infrastructure on “pay as used and on demand”, all of us can save in capital and operational investment!
-Clients can:
Put their data on the platform instead of on their own desktop PCs and/or on their own servers.
They can put their applications on the cloud and use the servers within the cloud to do processing and data manipulations etc.
Features of Cloud Computing
• Cost
• Agility
• Security
• Reliability
• Scalability
• Availability
• Performance
• Device and Location Independence
Cloud Computing Service Providers
• Amazon
• App Nexus
• Google AppEngine
• Go Grid
• Microsoft Windows Azure
• Rack Space
Conclusion
The cloud provides many options for the everyday computer user as well as large and small businesses. It opens up the world of computing to a broader range of uses and increases the ease of use by giving access through any internet connection.
However, with this increased ease also come drawbacks. You have less control over who has access to your information and little to no knowledge of where it is stored.
You also must be aware of the security risks of having data stored on the cloud. The cloud is a big target for malicious individuals and may have disadvantages because it can be accessed through an unsecured internet connection.
A computer network is defined as the interconnection of two or more computers. It is done to enable the computers to communicate and share available resources.
Components of computer network
Network benefits
Disadvantages of computer network
Classification by their geographical area
Network classification by their component role
Types of servers
instruction set of 8086 microprocessor has following categories:
-Data transfer instructions
-Arithmetic instructions
-Logical instructions
-Flag manipulation instructions
-shift and rotate instructions
-String instructions
-8086 assembler directives
A universal testing machine, also known as a universal tester, materials testing machine or materials test frame, is used to test the tensile stress and compressive strength of materials.
Adolf Hitler - German politician(world war I)Ashita Agrawal
Adolf Hitler was an Austrian-born German politician and the leader of the Nazi Party.
-born on April 20, 1889
-Adolf Hitler’s life in Vienna
-Appearance of Adolf Hitler
-World War I
-Hitler’s Leadership
-Rise of Nazi Party
He is Considered a “father of the computer“.
Charles Babbage was an English mathematician, philosopher, inventor and mechanical engineer who originated the concept of a programmable computer.
Babbage is credited with inventing the first mechanical computer that eventually led to more complex designs.
Augusta Ada King, Countess of Lovelace, was an English mathematician and writer chiefly known for her work on Charles Babbage's early mechanical general-purpose computer, the Analytical Engine. Her notes on the engine include what is recognized as the first algorithm intended to be carried out by a machine. Because of this, she is often described as the world's first computer programmer.
Augmented reality is a live, copy, view of a physical, real-world environment whose elements are augmented by computer-generated sensory input such as sound, video, graphics or GPS data.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Thesis Statement for students diagnonsed withADHD.ppt
INTRODUCTION TO UML DIAGRAMS
1.
2. TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction to UML Diagram.
A conceptual model of UML
building blocks of UML
Things
Relationships
Diagrams
Class Diagram
3. INTRODUCTIONTO UML DIAGRAM.
UML stands for Unified Modelling Language.
UML is a standard language for specifying, visualizing, constructing, and documenting a
system in which software represents the most significant part.
UML is different from the other common programming languages like C++, Java, COBOL
etc.
UML is a pictorial language used to make software blue prints.
UML can serve as a central notation for software development process. Using UML helps
project teams communicate, explore potential designs, and validate the architectural designs
of software.
UML diagrams are made using notation of things and relationships.
5. A CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF UML
Conceptual model: A conceptual model can be defined as a model which is made of concepts
and their relationships.
As UML describes the real time systems it is very important to make a conceptual model and
then proceed gradually. Conceptual model of UML can be better understood by learning the
following three major elements :
UML building blocks
Rules to connect the building blocks
Common mechanisms of UML
6. BUILDING BLOCKS OF UML
The building blocks of UML can be defined as:
Things
Relationships
Diagrams
Things: Things are the most important building blocks of UML. Things can be:
Structural
Behavioral
Grouping
Annotational
7. STRUCTURALTHINGS
The Structural things define the static part of the model. They represent physical and
conceptual elements. Following are the brief descriptions of the structural things.
Class: Class represents set of objects having similar responsibilities.
Interface: Interface defines a set of operations which specify the responsibility of a class.
Collaboration: Collaboration defines interaction between elements.
Use case: Use case represents a set of actions performed by a system for a specific goal.
Component: Component describes physical part of a system.
Node: A node can be defined as a physical element that exists at run time.
8. BEHAVIORALTHING
A behavioral thing consists of the dynamic parts of UML models. Following are the
behavioral things:
Interaction: Interaction is defined as a behavior that consists of a group of messages
exchanged among elements to accomplish a specific task.
State machine: State machine is useful when the state of an object in its life cycle is
important. It defines the sequence of states an object goes through in response to
events. Events are external factors responsible for state change.
9. RELATIONSHIP
Relationship is another most important building block of UML. It shows how elements are
associated with each other and this association describes the functionality of an application.
There are four kinds of relationships available.
Dependency: Dependency is a relationship between two things in which change in one element also
affects the other one.
Association: Association is basically a set of links that connects elements of an UML model. It also
describes how many objects are taking part in that relationship.
Generalization: Generalization can be defined as a relationship which connects a specialized element
with a generalized element. It basically describes inheritance relationship in the world of objects.
Realization: Realization can be defined as a relationship in which two elements are connected. One
element describes some responsibility which is not implemented and the other one implements them.
This relationship exists in case of interfaces.
10. UML DIAGRAMS
There are 9 diagrams in UML that can be used to model a system at different points of time in
software life cycle of a system.
They are:
1. Class diagram
2. Object diagram
3. Use case diagram
4. Sequence diagram
5. Collaboration diagram
6. Activity diagram
7. State diagram
8. Deployment diagram
9. Component diagram
11.
12. CLASS DIAGRAM
A Class diagram models the static structure of a system. It shows relationships between classes, objects,
attributes, and operations.
A class has three parts; name at the top, attributes in the middle and operations/methods at the bottom.
The functionality provided by the class are termed “methods” of the class.
Attribute uniquely identify the class.
The class diagram is a static diagram. It represents the static view of an application.
Purpose of the class diagram can be summarized as:
Analysis and design of the static view of an application.
Describe responsibilities of a system.
Base for component and deployment diagrams.
Forward and reverse engineering.
13. HOW TO DRAW CLASS DIAGRAM?
Class diagrams have lot of properties to consider while drawing but here the diagram will be
considered from a top level view.
The following points should be remembered while drawing a class diagram:
The name of the class diagram should be meaningful to describe the aspect of the system.
Each element and their relationships should be identified in advance.
Responsibility (attributes and methods) of each class should be clearly identified.
For each class minimum number of properties should be specified. Because unnecessary
properties will make the diagram complicated.
Use notes when ever required to describe some aspect of the diagram. Because at the end of
the drawing it should be understandable to the developer/coder.
Finally, before making the final version, the diagram should be drawn on plain paper and
rework as many times as possible to make it correct.
17. OBJECT DIAGRAM
Object diagrams describe the static structure of a system at a particular time. They can be
used to test class diagrams for accuracy.
It is a special kind of class diagram. An object is an instance of a class.
The object diagram captures the sate of different classes in system and their relationships or
associations at a given point of time.
In a brief, object diagrams are used for:
Making the prototype of a system.
Reverse engineering.
Modelling complex data structures.
Understanding the system from practical perspective.
19. STATE DIAGRAM
As the name suggests, it describes different states of a component in a system. The states are specific to a
component/object of a system.
Objects in the system change status in response to events. Used to model dynamic nature of a system.
State diagram describes the flow of control from one state to another state. States are defined as a condition
in which an object exists and it changes when some event is triggered.
Following are the main purposes of using State diagrams:
To model dynamic aspect of a system.
To model life time of a reactive system.
To describe different states of an object during its life time.
Define a state machine to model states of an object.
Before drawing a State diagram we must have clarified the following points:
Identify important objects to be analyzed.
Identify the states & Identify the events.
22. ACTIVITY DIAGRAM
Activity diagram is another important diagram in UML to describe dynamic aspects of the system.
Activity diagram is basically a flow chart to represent the flow form one activity to another activity. The
activity can be described as an operation of the system.
So the control flow is drawn from one operation to another. This flow can be sequential, branched or
concurrent. Activity diagrams deals with all type of flow control by using different elements like fork, join
etc.
Purposes can be described as:
Draw the activity flow of a system.
Describe the sequence from one activity to another.
Describe the parallel, branched and concurrent flow of the system.
Before drawing an activity diagram we should identify the following elements:
Activities
Association
Conditions
Constraints
26. SEQUENCE DIAGRAM
Sequence diagram is used to describe some type of interactions among the different
elements/objects in the system. Important aspect of this is that it is time-ordered.
Purposes of sequence diagram can be describes as:
To capture dynamic behaviour of a system.
To describe the message flow in the system.
To describe structural organization of the objects.
To describe interaction among objects.
The following things are to identified clearly before drawing the interaction diagram:
Objects taking part in the interaction.
Message flows among the objects.
The sequence in which the messages are flowing.
Object organization
31. COMPONENT DIAGRAM
Component diagrams are different in terms of nature and behaviour. Component diagrams are
used to model physical aspects of a system. Physical aspects are the elements like executables,
libraries, files, documents etc. which resides in a node. So component diagrams are used to
visualize the organization and relationships among components in a system.
Purpose of the component diagram can be summarized as:
1.)Visualize the components of a system. 2.)Construct executables by using forward and reverse
engineering.
3.)Describe the organization and relationships of the components.
A single component diagram cannot represent the entire system but a collection of diagrams are
used to represent the whole.
Before drawing a component diagram the following artifacts are to be identified clearly:
1.) Files used in the system. 2.)Libraries and other artifacts relevant to the application.
3.)Relationships among the artifacts.
34. DEPLOYMENT DIAGRAM
Deployment diagrams are used to visualize the topology of the physical components of a system where the
software components are deployed. So deployment diagrams are used to describe the static deployment view of
a system. Deployment diagrams consist of nodes and their relationships.
The purpose of deployment diagrams can be described as:
Visualize hardware topology of a system.
Describe the hardware components used to deploy software components.
Describe runtime processing nodes.
Deployment diagrams are useful for system engineers. An efficient deployment diagram is very important
because it controls the following parameters:
>Performance >Scalability >Maintainability >Portability
So before drawing a deployment diagram the following artifacts should be identified:
>Nodes >Relationships among nodes
37. USE CASE DIAGRAM
Use case diagrams are consists of actors, use cases and their relationships. The diagram is used to model the
system/subsystem of an application. A single use case diagram captures a particular functionality of a
system.
the purposes of use case diagrams can be as follows:
Used to gather requirements of a system.
Used to get an outside view of a system.
Identify external and internal factors influencing the system.
Show the interacting among the requirements are actors.
When we are planning to draw an use case diagram we should have the following items identified.
Functionalities to be represented as an use case
Actors
Relationships among the use cases and actors.
38. USE CASE DIAGRAM
follow the following guidelines to draw an efficient use case diagram.
The name of a use case is very important. So the name should be chosen in such a way so that it can
identify the functionalities performed.
Give a suitable name for actors.
Show relationships and dependencies clearly in the diagram.
Do not try to include all types of relationships. Because the main purpose of the diagram is to identify
requirements.
Use note when ever required to clarify some important points.
The following are the places where use case diagrams are used:
Requirement analysis and high level design.
Model the context of a system.
Reverse engineering.
Forward engineering