The document discusses network topologies and their characteristics. It describes physical and logical topologies. Common topologies include mesh, star, bus, ring, tree and hybrid configurations. Mesh provides redundancy but is expensive to implement while star is popular for its ease of installation and fault isolation. Bus uses the least cabling but a single break disables the network. Ring passes signals in one direction making it susceptible to breaks. Hybrid combines different topologies to balance advantages and disadvantages. The optimal topology depends on factors like cost, growth and cable requirements.
Network topology And Its Types in detail.
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Network topology And Its Types in detail.
If you liked it don't forget to follow me-
SlideShare-www.slideshare.net/gauravyadav65
Instagram-yadavgaurav251
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This really motivates me too help you guys more :D
I m heartly thank full to our respected sir
for giving me such a great opportunity to
Give the presentation.
I m also thanks full to our respected Beni Thomes
sir for helping me in making this presentation.
Topology refers to the layout of connected devices on a network.
It also refers to how various nodes, devices, and connections on your network are physically or logically arranged in relation to each other.
Logical Layouts of Topology
Logical Layouts of Topology :
MESH TOPOLOGY
STAR TOPOLOGY
BUS TOPOLOGY
RING TOPOLOGY
TREE AND HYBRID
1. Mesh Topology
Here every device has a point to point link to every other device.
Node 1 node must be connected with n-1 nodes.
A fully connected mesh can have n(n-1)/2 physical channels to link n devices.
It must have n-1 I/O ports.
2.STAR TOPOLOGY
Less expensive than mesh since each device is connected only to the hub.
Installation and configuration are easy.
Less cabling needs than mesh.
Easy to identification & remove parts.
3.BUS TOPOLOGY
A bus topology is multipoint.
Here one long cable act as a backbone to link all the devices are connected to the backbone by drop lines and taps.
Drop line- is the connection b/w the devices and the cable.
Tap:- is the splitter that cut the main link.
This allows only one device to transmit at a time.
4.RING TOPOLOGY
Here each device has a dedicated connection with two devices on either side.
The signal is passed in one direction from device to device until it reaches the destination and each device have repeater
When one device received signal instead of intended another devices, its repeater then regenerates the data and passes them along.
To add or delete a device requires changing only two connections.
5.TREE TOPOLOGY
Alternative referred to as a star bus topology.
Tree topology is one of the most common network setups that is similar to a bus topology and a star topology.
A tree topology connects multiple star networks to other star networks. Below is a visual example of a simple computer setup on a network using the star topology.
6.HYBRID TOPOLOGY
A network which contains all types of physical structure and connected under a single backbone channel.
This presentation is about the introduction to network switch layer technology. A network switch is a device tha is used to connect different segments over the network.This ppt includes introduction to switch,types of switches or layer specification,advantages and disadvantages of switch..
I hope it will be very helpful for the engineering students and the others who are interested to search in deep about network switch.
Transmission media (data communication)Pritom Chaki
Transmission media is the material pathway that connects computers, different kinds of devices and people on a network. It can be compared to a superhighway carrying lots of information. Transmission media uses cables or electromagnetic signals to transmit data.
I m heartly thank full to our respected sir
for giving me such a great opportunity to
Give the presentation.
I m also thanks full to our respected Beni Thomes
sir for helping me in making this presentation.
Topology refers to the layout of connected devices on a network.
It also refers to how various nodes, devices, and connections on your network are physically or logically arranged in relation to each other.
Logical Layouts of Topology
Logical Layouts of Topology :
MESH TOPOLOGY
STAR TOPOLOGY
BUS TOPOLOGY
RING TOPOLOGY
TREE AND HYBRID
1. Mesh Topology
Here every device has a point to point link to every other device.
Node 1 node must be connected with n-1 nodes.
A fully connected mesh can have n(n-1)/2 physical channels to link n devices.
It must have n-1 I/O ports.
2.STAR TOPOLOGY
Less expensive than mesh since each device is connected only to the hub.
Installation and configuration are easy.
Less cabling needs than mesh.
Easy to identification & remove parts.
3.BUS TOPOLOGY
A bus topology is multipoint.
Here one long cable act as a backbone to link all the devices are connected to the backbone by drop lines and taps.
Drop line- is the connection b/w the devices and the cable.
Tap:- is the splitter that cut the main link.
This allows only one device to transmit at a time.
4.RING TOPOLOGY
Here each device has a dedicated connection with two devices on either side.
The signal is passed in one direction from device to device until it reaches the destination and each device have repeater
When one device received signal instead of intended another devices, its repeater then regenerates the data and passes them along.
To add or delete a device requires changing only two connections.
5.TREE TOPOLOGY
Alternative referred to as a star bus topology.
Tree topology is one of the most common network setups that is similar to a bus topology and a star topology.
A tree topology connects multiple star networks to other star networks. Below is a visual example of a simple computer setup on a network using the star topology.
6.HYBRID TOPOLOGY
A network which contains all types of physical structure and connected under a single backbone channel.
This presentation is about the introduction to network switch layer technology. A network switch is a device tha is used to connect different segments over the network.This ppt includes introduction to switch,types of switches or layer specification,advantages and disadvantages of switch..
I hope it will be very helpful for the engineering students and the others who are interested to search in deep about network switch.
Transmission media (data communication)Pritom Chaki
Transmission media is the material pathway that connects computers, different kinds of devices and people on a network. It can be compared to a superhighway carrying lots of information. Transmission media uses cables or electromagnetic signals to transmit data.
UML stands for Unified Modelling Language.
UML is a standard language for specifying, visualizing, constructing, and documenting a system in which software represents the most significant part.
UML is different from the other common programming languages like C++, Java, COBOL etc.
UML is a pictorial language used to make software blue prints.
UML can serve as a central notation for software development process. Using UML helps project teams communicate, explore potential designs, and validate the architectural designs of software.
UML diagrams are made using notation of things and relationships.
The building blocks of UML can be defined as:
Things
Relationships
Diagrams
Things: Things are the most important building blocks of UML. Things can be:
Structural
Behavioral
Grouping
Annotational
The Structural things define the static part of the model. They represent physical and conceptual elements. Following are the brief descriptions of the structural things.
Class: Class represents set of objects having similar responsibilities.
Interface: Interface defines a set of operations which specify the responsibility of a class.
Collaboration: Collaboration defines interaction between elements.
Use case: Use case represents a set of actions performed by a system for a specific goal.
Component: Component describes physical part of a system.
Node: A node can be defined as a physical element that exists at run time.
A behavioral thing consists of the dynamic parts of UML models. Following are the behavioral things:
Interaction: Interaction is defined as a behavior that consists of a group of messages exchanged among elements to accomplish a specific task.
State machine: State machine is useful when the state of an object in its life cycle is important. It defines the sequence of states an object goes through in response to events. Events are external factors responsible for state change.
Network topology refers to the arrangement and interconnection of network devices. It determines how data flows within a network. Common topologies include bus, star, ring, and mesh.
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2. Why Topology is Important ?
• Design Efficient Protocols
• Solve Internetworking Problems:
- routing
- resource reservation
- administration
• Create Accurate Model for Simulation
• Derive Estimates for Topological Parameters
• Study Fault Tolerance and Anti-Attack Properties
Project Network Topology
3. •The topology of a network
defines how the nodes of a network
are connected.
•There are two basic categories of network
topologies: (To define The network)
1. a physical topology.
2. a logical topology.
Project Network Topology
4. • Physical topology:
defines how the nodes of the network are
physically connected .
• Logical topology:
How data is transmitted between nodes
(dedicated connections between certain selected
source-destination pairs using the underlying physical topology.)
In order to have an efficient system, the logical topology should
be chosen such that either the average hop distance or the packet
delay or the maximum flow on any link must be minimal.
Project Network Topology
5. The shape of the cabling layout used to link devices is called
the physical topology of the network. This refers to the layout
of cabling, the locations of nodes, and the interconnections
between the nodes and the cabling.
The physical topology of a network is determined by the
capabilities of the network access devices and media, the
level of control or fault tolerance desired, and the cost
associated with cabling or telecommunications circuits.
The logical topology, in contrast, is the way that the signals
act on the network media, or the way that the data passes
through the network from one device to the next without
regard to the physical interconnection of the devices.
A network's logical topology is not necessarily the same as
its physical topology.
Project Network Topology
6. • Shapes of network topologies :
• Mesh
• Star
• Bus
• Ring
• Tree and Hybrid
Project Network Topology
7. Mesh Topology
• A network setup where each computer and network
device is interconnected with one another, allowing
for most transmissions to be distributed, even if one
of the connections go down. This topology is not
commonly used for most computer networks as it is
difficult and expensive to have redundant connection
to every computer. However, this topology is
commonly used for wireless networks. Below is a
visual example of a simple computer setup on a
network using a mesh topology.
Project Network Topology
9. 1. They use dedicated links so each link can only
carry its own data load. So traffic problem can be
avoided.
2. It is robust. If any one link get damaged it cannot
affect others.
3. It gives privacy and security.(Message travels
along a dedicated link)
4. Fault identification and fault isolation are easy.
Mesh Topology
Project Network Topology
10. 1. The amount of cabling and the number of I/O ports
required are very large. Since every device is connected
to each devices through dedicated links.
2. The sheer bulk of wiring is larger then the available space.
3. Hardware required to connected each device is highly
Mesh Topology
expensive.
1. Telephone Regional office.
2. WAN.(Wide Area Network).
Project Network Topology
11. • Here each device has a dedicated point-to-point
link to the central controller called “Hub”(Act as
a Exchange).
• There is no direct traffic between devices.
• The transmission are occurred only through the
central “hub”.
Project Network Topology
12. • The central point may be “passive”, “active”, or
“intelligent”.
• A passive hub simply connects the arms of a star, no
signal regeneration is performed.
• An active hub is like a passive hub, except that it
regenerates signals.
• Intelligent hubs not only regenerate signals but also
perform activities such as intelligent path selection
and network management.
Project Network Topology
14. 1. Less expensive then mesh since each device is
connected only to the hub.
2. Installation and configuration are easy.
3. Less cabling is need then mesh.
4. Robustness.(if one link fails, only that links is
affected. All other links remain active).
5. Easy to fault identification & to remove parts.
Star Topology
Project Network Topology
15. 1. Even it requires less cabling then mesh when
compared with other topologies it still large.(Ring
or bus).
2. Dependency(whole dependent on one single
point(hub). When it goes down. The whole system
is dead.
Star Topology
Project Network Topology
16. • Star topology used in Local Area
Networks(LANs).
• High speed LAN often used STAR.
Star Topology
Project Network Topology
17. • All communication pass through the central
computer.
• The communications in the network will stop if the
host computer stops functioning.
Project Network Topology
18. • A bus topology is multipoint.
• Here one long cable act as a backbone to link all the devices
are connected to the backbone by drop lines and taps.
• Drop line- is the connection the devices and the cable.
• Tap- is the splitter that cut the main link.
• This allows only one device to transmit at a time.
• Single cable connects all network nodes without
intervening connectivity devices.
• Devices share responsibility for getting data from one
point to another.
Project Network Topology
19. • When a device sends a message, it is broadcast down on
the cable in both directions. Terminators at the end of
the cable prevent the signal from reflecting back to the
sender.
• All devices on the cable constantly monitor for
messages meant to them. When a device detects a
message meant for it, it reads the message from the
cable and the other devices will ignore it.
• Since all devices are sharing the same cable, some form
of control is needed to make sure which device will
transmit when, otherwise there will be a collision.
Project Network Topology
21. 1. Ease of installation.
2. Less cabling.
3. less expensive.
Bus Topology
Project Network Topology
22. 1. Difficult reconfiguration and fault isolation.
2. Difficult to add new devices.
3. Signal reflection at top can degradation in quality.
4. If any fault in backbone can stops all transmission.
• Most computer motherboard.
Bus Topology
Project Network Topology
23. • The main disadvantage is bad connection to the cable
can bring down the entire network. Another problem:
collision occurs when 2 nodes send messages
simultaneously.
Project Network Topology
24. Ring Topology
• Here each device has a dedicated connection with
two devices on either side.
• The signal is passed in one direction from device to
device until it reaches the destination and each
device have repeater.
• When one device received signals instead of intended
another device, its repeater then regenerates the data
and passes them along.
• To add or delete a device requires changing only two
connections.
Project Network Topology
26. Advantages:
1. Easy to install.
2. Easy to reconfigure.
3. Fault identification is easy.
Disadvantages:
1. Unidirectional traffic.
2. Break in a single ring can break entire network.
Ring Topology
Project Network Topology
27. Applications:
• Ring topologies are found in some office
buildings or school campuses.
• Today high speed LANs made this topology less
popular.
Ring Topology
Project Network Topology
28. • Alternatively referred to as a star bus topology.
• Tree topology is one of the most common
network setups that is similar to a bus topology
and a star topology.
• A tree topology connects multiple star networks
to other star networks. Below is a visual example
of a simple computer setup on a network using
the star topology.
Project Network Topology
32. • Money-Bus n/w may be the least expensive way to
install a n/w.
• Length-of cable needed- the linear bus n/w uses
shorter lengths of cable.
• Future growth-with star topology, expending a n/w is
easily done by adding another devices.
• Cable type-most common used cable in commercial
organization is twisted pair. Which often
used with star topologies.
Project Network Topology
33. • Full mesh topology is theoretically the best since
every device is connected to every other
device.(thus maximizing speed and security.
however, it quite expensive to install)
• Next best would be tree topology , which is
basically a connection of star.
Project Network Topology
34. Backbone Networks:
Serial Backbone
• Daisy chain: linked series of devices
• Hubs and switches often connected in daisy chain to
extend a network
• Hubs, gateways, routers, switches, and bridges can
form part of backbone
• Extent to which hubs can be connected is limited
Project Network Topology