This document provides an introduction to biochemistry, describing the key biomolecules and metabolic processes in living things. It outlines seven characteristics shared by all living things, including the need for food and oxygen, growth, and limited lifespan. The main biomolecules - carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids - are then defined. Carbohydrates are composed of sugars and serve as energy stores. Lipids include fatty acids, fats, oils and phospholipids. Proteins are made of amino acids and perform many functions. Nucleic acids DNA and RNA contain genetic information. Metabolism is described as the sum of biochemical reactions involving energy production, utilization and synthesis of molecules. Catabolism breaks down molecules
Biochemistry, Biomolecules and Cell: An IntroductionPrincy Agarwal
This presentation will help you to understand the introduction of Biochemistry, Biomolecules and Cell along with transport mechanisms across cell membrane in an easy and friendly manner along with summarised notes.
Biochemistry, Biomolecules and Cell: An IntroductionPrincy Agarwal
This presentation will help you to understand the introduction of Biochemistry, Biomolecules and Cell along with transport mechanisms across cell membrane in an easy and friendly manner along with summarised notes.
Introduction to Biochemistry and Clinical PathologyDHANANJAY PATIL
A brief introduction to the subject of biochemistry and clinical pathology. This introduction will give readers a quick overall view of this subject. All types of queries and suggestions are most welcome.
Introduction to Biochemistry and Clinical PathologyDHANANJAY PATIL
A brief introduction to the subject of biochemistry and clinical pathology. This introduction will give readers a quick overall view of this subject. All types of queries and suggestions are most welcome.
The central dogma of molecular biology, the basic structure of nucleic acids, Genetic code, 4 levels of protein structure, Revision question with answers
Biochemistry serves as a fundamental discipline in the life sciences, exploring the chemical processes and biomolecules that underlie biological systems. It bridges the gap between biology and chemistry, investigating the molecular basis of life. Biochemistry delves into the study of macromolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids, as well as the intricate interactions and reactions that occur within cells. It encompasses vital topics such as metabolism, energy production, cellular respiration, and photosynthesis. The field examines DNA, RNA, and gene expression to unravel the genetic information and molecular mechanisms that govern living organisms. Additionally, biochemistry explores the molecular structures, chemical bonds, and synthesis of biomolecules, as well as the diverse biochemical pathways and cellular functions they regulate. It also encompasses aspects of molecular genetics, protein synthesis, enzyme kinetics, biochemical regulation, and cell signaling. Biochemistry finds applications in various areas including biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, genetic engineering, and the study of metabolic diseases. It plays a pivotal role in advancing our understanding of life at the molecular level and holds significant implications for numerous scientific and medical advancements.
Structures and Functions of Biological Molecules Grade 11 Biology.pptxCjAndreaBeth
This ppt is actually my Performance Task but Bagyong Oddette came and unfortunately I didn't pass this ppt, hope a lot of youngsters being able to use this
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
2. What are seven characteristicsWhat are seven characteristics
of ALL living thingsof ALL living things
1. Living things require food for energy
2. Living things respire (take in oxygen gas to
breakdown food for energy)
3. Living things respond to the environment
4. Living things produce waste
5. Living things are able to repair themselves
6. Living things grow and reproduce
7. Living things have a limited lifespan
9. Carbohydrates most abundant organic moleculeCarbohydrates most abundant organic molecule
found in nature.found in nature.
Initially synthesized in plants from a complex seriesInitially synthesized in plants from a complex series
of reactions involving photosynthesis.of reactions involving photosynthesis.
Basic unit is monosaccharides.Basic unit is monosaccharides.
Monosaccharides can form larger molecules e.g. glycogen,Monosaccharides can form larger molecules e.g. glycogen,
plant starch or cellulose.plant starch or cellulose.
FunctionsFunctions
Store energy in the form of starch (photosynthesis inStore energy in the form of starch (photosynthesis in
plants) or glycogen (in animals and humans).plants) or glycogen (in animals and humans).
Provide energy through metabolism pathways and cycles.Provide energy through metabolism pathways and cycles.
Supply carbon for synthesis of other compounds.Supply carbon for synthesis of other compounds.
Form structural components in cells and tissues.Form structural components in cells and tissues.
Intercellular communicationsIntercellular communications
12. Fatty acids :
Are monocarboxylic acid contains even number C atoms
Two types: saturated (C-C sb) and unsaturated (C-C db)
Fatty acids are components of several lipid molecules.
E,g. of lipids are triacylglycerol, steriods (cholestrol, sex
hormones), fat soluble vitamins.
Functions
Storage of energy in the form of fat
Membrane structures
Insulation (thermal blanket)
Synthesis of hormones
13. ProteinsProteins
Made up of polymers
of amino acids.
“beads on a string.”
20 primary amino
acids exist.
A polymer of 3 or
more amino acids
forms a polypeptide.
14. ProteinsProteins
Primary Structure
– Linear sequence of amino acids.
Secondary Structure
– Form helices or sheets due to their structure.
Tertiary Structure
– A folded protein.
Quaternary Structure
– 2 or more polypeptide chains bonded together.
15. Amino acids:
• Building blocks of proteins.
• R Group (side chains)
determines the chemical
properties of each amino acids.
• Also determines how the
protein folds and its biological
function.
• Functions as transport
proteins, structural proteins,
enzymes, antibodies, cell
receptors.
16. EnzymesEnzymes
Are proteins.
Are considered
biological catalysts.
– Speed up a chemical
reaction without being
altered.
Names often end in “-
ase.”
– Ex. Lipase,
carbohydrase.
Act on a substrate.
Proteins, including
enzymes, can be
denatured.
17. Nucleic AcidsNucleic Acids
DNA and RNA.
– (DNA - deoxyribonucleic acid,
RNA - ribonucleic acid).
Is the “hereditary molecule.”
Contains genes that code for a certain
product.
DNA is translated into RNA which is used
to produce a protein or other product.
18. Nucleic Acid StructureNucleic Acid Structure
DNA nucleotides
– Building blocks of DNA.
RNA nucleotides
– Building blocks of RNA.
19. Nucleic Acid StructureNucleic Acid Structure
DNA
– Nitrogenous base
– Deoxyribose
– Phosphate group
RNA
– Nitrogenous base
– Ribose
– Phosphate group
www.microbelibrary.org
21. Nitrogenous BasesNitrogenous Bases
A and G
– Purines (double-
ring structures)
C, T, and U
– Pyrimidines
(single-ring
structures)
hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu
22. METABOLISM
• The vital activity of a living organism is determined byThe vital activity of a living organism is determined by
– the specific organization of biological structures,the specific organization of biological structures,
– metabolic processes,metabolic processes,
– energy metabolism,energy metabolism,
– genetic information transfer,genetic information transfer,
– regulatory metabolismregulatory metabolism
• The damage of any of these links develops a pathological process and aThe damage of any of these links develops a pathological process and a
disease.disease.
• An understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the vitalAn understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the vital
activity or malfunction of the organism constitutes the basis for the searchactivity or malfunction of the organism constitutes the basis for the search
and clinical applicationsand clinical applications
In the living organism there are:In the living organism there are:
• Exogenous metabolism – extracellular transformations of the materials onExogenous metabolism – extracellular transformations of the materials on
the way to their uptake and excretion from the cellsthe way to their uptake and excretion from the cells
• Intermediary metabolism – the sum of all chemical reactions that occur inIntermediary metabolism – the sum of all chemical reactions that occur in
the living cellthe living cell
23. Four major processes are involved:Four major processes are involved:
1.1. Accumulation of energy from the decomposition of compoundsAccumulation of energy from the decomposition of compounds
2.2. Utilization of energy forUtilization of energy for
• the synthesis of essential molecular components (monomers,the synthesis of essential molecular components (monomers,
macromolecules) andmacromolecules) and
• the performance of osmotic, electric or mechanical work.the performance of osmotic, electric or mechanical work.
3.3. Decomposition of renewable structural components of the cellDecomposition of renewable structural components of the cell
4.4. Synthesis and decomposition of specialized biological moleculesSynthesis and decomposition of specialized biological molecules
(hormones, mediators, cofactors etc.)(hormones, mediators, cofactors etc.)
24. METABOLISMMETABOLISM
Two processes are distinguished:Two processes are distinguished:
• catabolismcatabolism - the sum of degradative processes leading to cleavage of large- the sum of degradative processes leading to cleavage of large
molecules into smaller ones, with release of energy (stored as ATP), andmolecules into smaller ones, with release of energy (stored as ATP), and
• anabolismanabolism – the sum of processes leading to the synthesis of complex molecules– the sum of processes leading to the synthesis of complex molecules
from simpler ones, with the comsumption of energy (as ATP)from simpler ones, with the comsumption of energy (as ATP)
ATP is a coupling energetic link between the two metabolic pathways.ATP is a coupling energetic link between the two metabolic pathways.
Other simple metabolites, formed by the catabolic pathway, are startingOther simple metabolites, formed by the catabolic pathway, are starting
metabolites for the synthesis of monomers or macromolecules in themetabolites for the synthesis of monomers or macromolecules in the
anabolic pathway.anabolic pathway.
This cycle unifying the degradative and synthetic routes is calledThis cycle unifying the degradative and synthetic routes is called
amphibolic pathwayamphibolic pathway
The anabolism and catabolism areThe anabolism and catabolism are separated in spaceseparated in space..
All the processes in the living organisms areAll the processes in the living organisms are enenzymatic processeszymatic processes
25. SPECIFIC FEATURES OF METABOLISMSPECIFIC FEATURES OF METABOLISM
CATABOLISM ANABOLISM
Degradative processes Biosynthesis processes
Cleavage of large molecules
into smaller ones
Synthesis of complex
molecules
from simpler ones
Release of energy Consumption of energy
Oxidative reactions Reductive reactions
Use of oxidized coenzymes:
NAD+
, NADP+
, FAD
Use of reduced coenzymes:
NADH+H+
, NADPH+H+
, FADH2
Some metabolites which result from catabolism can be used
for the anabolism and conversely
All chemical processes proceed with the involvement of enzymes,
being regulated by alloster and feed-back mechanism