Bio Ch05 For Idol
•Download as PPT, PDF•
1 like•535 views
The document summarizes the four major macromolecules - carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. It discusses that macromolecules are composed of smaller molecules called monomers, and three of the four classes (carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids) are polymers of these monomers. The document also provides examples of monomers that make up each macromolecule type, such as monosaccharides, amino acids, and nucleotides, and describes some of the key functions of each macromolecule class.
Report
Share
Report
Share
![[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
Recommended
Macromolecules Lecture
The document summarizes the key macromolecules that make up living things: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. It describes how each is made of monomers that polymerize through condensation reactions, and how their structures determine their functions. Carbohydrates include sugars and starches used for energy storage. Lipids include fats and phospholipids that store energy and make up cell membranes. Proteins have complex 4-level structures (primary to quaternary) that allow for their diverse functions like transport and muscle movement. Nucleic acids DNA and RNA contain nucleotides and code or aid in protein synthesis to pass on traits.
Micromolecules and Macromolecules
This document defines and describes biomolecules, which are molecules found in living organisms. Biomolecules are divided into macromolecules and micromolecules. Macromolecules have a molecular weight over 1000 and include polysaccharides, nucleic acids, and proteins. Micromolecules have a molecular weight under 1000 and include amino acids, sugars, nucleotides, and lipids. The document then provides examples and further descriptions of these classes of biomolecules, including their structures, functions, and examples.
AS Level Biology - 1) Biological Molecules
To understand Biology, one must first understand the basic chemistry of it - which is relatively simple as opposed to normal chemistry. All you have to know about is Carbohydrate, Lipid, Protein and Water.
Polypeptides
This document discusses different types of fibrous proteins. It begins by introducing proteins and describing their structure as polypeptide chains formed from amino acids linked by peptide bonds. It then focuses on three important fibrous proteins: collagen, elastin, and keratin. For each, it describes their structure, synthesis, properties, and applications. Collagen is the most abundant protein and forms connective tissues. Elastin provides elasticity. Keratin forms hair, nails, feathers and horns through intermolecular bonding. These proteins each have distinct structures and functions that make them vital components of living tissues.
macromolecules by kk sahu sir
Introduction
History
Definition
Properties
Types of Macromolecules
Protein
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nuclic Acid
Conclusions
References
Biomolecules
The document discusses the key biomolecules that make up living cells. It describes the four main types of biological macromolecules as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Carbohydrates include sugars and starches, and serve functions like energy storage. Lipids are insoluble in water and include fats, oils, and phospholipids. Proteins are made of amino acid chains and perform diverse roles such as structure, enzymes, transport. Nucleic acids DNA and RNA contain the genetic code and control protein synthesis. Each biomolecule has distinct but vital functions that allow cells and organisms to survive.
Proteins
Proteins are made up of chains of amino acids that form various structures which determine the protein's function. The amino acid sequence forms the primary structure. Hydrogen bonding forms regular patterns of alpha helices and beta sheets as the secondary structure. Tertiary structure is the final 3D shape from hydrophobic interactions. Some proteins have quaternary structure as complexes of multiple polypeptide chains.
Biological molecules
biological molecules .
CARBOHYDRATES, FATS AND PROTEINS.
includes how large molecules are made from smaller ones, their functions, etc.
made in a very interactive way so that students can understand and clear all their concepts
Recommended
Macromolecules Lecture
The document summarizes the key macromolecules that make up living things: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. It describes how each is made of monomers that polymerize through condensation reactions, and how their structures determine their functions. Carbohydrates include sugars and starches used for energy storage. Lipids include fats and phospholipids that store energy and make up cell membranes. Proteins have complex 4-level structures (primary to quaternary) that allow for their diverse functions like transport and muscle movement. Nucleic acids DNA and RNA contain nucleotides and code or aid in protein synthesis to pass on traits.
Micromolecules and Macromolecules
This document defines and describes biomolecules, which are molecules found in living organisms. Biomolecules are divided into macromolecules and micromolecules. Macromolecules have a molecular weight over 1000 and include polysaccharides, nucleic acids, and proteins. Micromolecules have a molecular weight under 1000 and include amino acids, sugars, nucleotides, and lipids. The document then provides examples and further descriptions of these classes of biomolecules, including their structures, functions, and examples.
AS Level Biology - 1) Biological Molecules
To understand Biology, one must first understand the basic chemistry of it - which is relatively simple as opposed to normal chemistry. All you have to know about is Carbohydrate, Lipid, Protein and Water.
Polypeptides
This document discusses different types of fibrous proteins. It begins by introducing proteins and describing their structure as polypeptide chains formed from amino acids linked by peptide bonds. It then focuses on three important fibrous proteins: collagen, elastin, and keratin. For each, it describes their structure, synthesis, properties, and applications. Collagen is the most abundant protein and forms connective tissues. Elastin provides elasticity. Keratin forms hair, nails, feathers and horns through intermolecular bonding. These proteins each have distinct structures and functions that make them vital components of living tissues.
macromolecules by kk sahu sir
Introduction
History
Definition
Properties
Types of Macromolecules
Protein
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nuclic Acid
Conclusions
References
Biomolecules
The document discusses the key biomolecules that make up living cells. It describes the four main types of biological macromolecules as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Carbohydrates include sugars and starches, and serve functions like energy storage. Lipids are insoluble in water and include fats, oils, and phospholipids. Proteins are made of amino acid chains and perform diverse roles such as structure, enzymes, transport. Nucleic acids DNA and RNA contain the genetic code and control protein synthesis. Each biomolecule has distinct but vital functions that allow cells and organisms to survive.
Proteins
Proteins are made up of chains of amino acids that form various structures which determine the protein's function. The amino acid sequence forms the primary structure. Hydrogen bonding forms regular patterns of alpha helices and beta sheets as the secondary structure. Tertiary structure is the final 3D shape from hydrophobic interactions. Some proteins have quaternary structure as complexes of multiple polypeptide chains.
Biological molecules
biological molecules .
CARBOHYDRATES, FATS AND PROTEINS.
includes how large molecules are made from smaller ones, their functions, etc.
made in a very interactive way so that students can understand and clear all their concepts
Co-enzyme
Coenzymes are non-protein organic molecules that are associated with and help enzymes function. Coenzymes undergo alterations during enzymatic reactions and are later regenerated, unlike substrates which are converted to products. They participate in reactions involving the transfer of atoms or groups like hydrogen, and play a decisive role in enzyme function. Coenzymes can be classified into three main types: those derived from B vitamins, non-vitamin coenzymes like ATP, and nucleotide coenzymes containing nitrogenous bases, sugars, and phosphates like NAD+ and FAD. The specificity of an enzyme depends more on the apoenzyme than on the coenzyme.
Apch5ppt
The document discusses the four main classes of macromolecules - carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. It describes their monomers, polymers, functions, and roles in energy storage, structure, and heredity. Carbohydrates include monosaccharides like glucose, disaccharides like sucrose, and polysaccharides like starch. Lipids are involved in long-term energy storage and consist of fatty acids and glycerol. Proteins have amino acids as monomers and perform control and structural functions. Nucleic acids like DNA and RNA are made of nucleotides and have roles in heredity, protein synthesis, and energy transfer.
Introduction to metabolism
The document introduces metabolism as the sum of all chemical reactions within an organism that allows it to grow and maintain itself, and describes the two main types as catabolism which breaks down complex molecules to release energy and anabolism which uses that released energy to synthesize complex molecules from simpler precursors. Metabolic pathways involve a series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions that transform a starting molecule into a product, and metabolism occurs through stages of breaking down molecules, activating precursors, and assembling complex structures.
Biomolecules
1. The document discusses analyzing the chemical composition of living organisms. Elemental analysis shows that living tissues contain the same elements as non-living matter like earth's crust, but with higher relative amounts of carbon and hydrogen.
2. Chemical analysis involves grinding tissue, extracting compounds using acid, and separating the acid-soluble and acid-insoluble fractions. Thousands of organic compounds are found in the acid-soluble fraction.
3. Living tissues also contain inorganic elements and compounds identified through destructive experiments like determining ash content after burning tissue.
Role of cofactors in metabolism
Vitamins serve as cofactors or coenzymes that are essential for many enzymatic reactions in the body. Most B vitamins act as coenzymes by facilitating the transfer of atoms or groups between molecules during metabolism. Coenzymes work with enzymes to carry out the enzymes' activity, often by transporting chemical groups from one reactant to another. Vitamins are organic molecules that the body needs but cannot synthesize in adequate amounts, so they must be obtained through the diet.
Chemistry of proteins
Proteins are composed of chains of amino acids and serve important structural and functional roles in biology. They can be classified based on their composition, structure, and biological function. Common analytical techniques used to study proteins include chromatography, electrophoresis, and mass spectrometry which separate proteins based on properties like size and charge. The diversity of amino acid side chains allows proteins to adopt complex 3D structures and perform a wide variety of critical roles in the body.
Biomolecules I
The document discusses several key biological molecules including amino acids, proteins, DNA and RNA. It provides information on their structures and functions. Specifically, it explains that amino acids combine to form proteins, and that DNA and RNA are made up of nucleotides that contain nitrogenous bases and form structures through hydrogen bonding. The roles of these molecules in processes like protein synthesis and gene expression are also summarized.
The chemical_basis_for_life---organic_compounds
This document discusses the four major types of organic compounds found in living things: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. It describes the structure and functions of each compound. Carbohydrates such as glucose provide energy, while lipids store energy and form cell membranes. Proteins have a variety of functions including maintaining cell shape and catalyzing reactions. Nucleic acids like DNA and RNA pass on traits by coding for amino acids and assembling proteins. Carbon is essential to life because it can form the large complex molecules that make up living organisms.
Macromolecules(1)
All cells share similarities in their basic macromolecular components and chemical reactions. They all use nucleic acids like DNA and RNA to store and access genetic information. Proteins, which are polymers of amino acids, serve as enzymes to catalyze cellular reactions. Lipids form cellular membranes and carbohydrates serve structural and energy roles. The same condensation and hydrolysis reactions are used to form and break down these macromolecules in all organisms, reflecting their shared evolutionary origin.
Section 5.5 How do cofactors work?
Cofactors are metal ions or organic compounds that associate with enzymes and are necessary for their function. Coenzymes are organic cofactors like coenzyme Q10 and NAD+, which help carry electrons or groups between reactions. A key coenzyme is ATP, which contains high-energy phosphate bonds and transfers energy and phosphates during phosphorylation reactions, coupling endergonic and exergonic processes to drive cellular metabolism.
Biomolecules: Peptides and Proteins
This document discusses biomolecules, specifically peptides and proteins. It outlines the levels of protein structure from primary to quaternary. Primary structure refers to the amino acid sequence, secondary structure includes alpha helices and beta sheets stabilized by hydrogen bonding. Tertiary structure is the overall 3D shape of a protein, and quaternary involves interaction of multiple polypeptide subunits. Techniques for protein analysis include electrophoresis, chromatography, mass spectrometry and X-ray crystallography. Myoglobin and hemoglobin are compared as examples of monomeric and multimeric protein structures and functions.
The Chemical Basis of Life
Water, carbon dioxide, acids, bases, salts, and organic compounds like carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are the basic chemical components of life. Water makes up 80% of living matter, provides solvent properties, and transports substances. Carbon dioxide provides carbon and oxygen for organic compounds. Changes in acidity and salt concentrations can impair cell function and cause death. Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are organic polymers that serve vital structural and metabolic roles within cells. DNA contains the genetic code and is replicated for inheritance, while RNA aids in protein synthesis.
Carbohydrates, Lipids and Proteins
The document provides information about various biomolecules including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, amino acids, glucose, ribose, and fatty acids. It includes diagrams of their structures and functions in animals and plants. Assessment statements are provided related to distinguishing organic and inorganic compounds, identifying biomolecule structures, examples of mono/di/polysaccharides and their functions, the roles of condensation and hydrolysis reactions, and comparing carbohydrate and lipid use for energy storage.
Chapter2 part2
The document discusses the key biomolecules that make up living organisms: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. It describes their monomers and polymers, how they are assembled through condensation and hydrolysis reactions, and provides examples of their structures and functions in cells.
(Group4)atp adp-nad-nadh anabolism
1. The document discusses ATP, ADP, NAD+, and NADH in the context of anabolism and catabolism.
2. ATP provides energy for anabolic reactions to build molecules from smaller precursors. ATP is converted to ADP, releasing energy.
3. NAD+ and NADH are involved as electron carriers and redox reactants in anabolic biosynthesis pathways. NAD+ is reduced to NADH, which donates electrons during anabolism.
Biomolecule for class 11 science
Biomolecules are the basic building blocks and molecules of life. They include both organic compounds like carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids as well as inorganic compounds like water and minerals. Carbohydrates include monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides and serve many functions in the body including energy storage. Proteins are made of amino acids and are essential for growth, tissue repair, enzyme production, and other functions. Lipids include fats, oils, waxes, and other compounds and store energy and insulate the body. Nucleic acids like DNA and RNA contain the genetic code and DNA has a double helix structure.
Metabolism anabolism & catabolism made easy and simple
Metabolism refers to the sum of all biochemical reactions in the body's cells that convert food into energy and building blocks for cell growth and maintenance. Foods are broken down into simpler molecules like sugars, amino acids, and fatty acids through digestion, which are then used and assembled into more complex molecules through metabolic pathways. These pathways involve both catabolic reactions that break down molecules to release energy and anabolic reactions that use energy to synthesize larger molecules. Thousands of interconnected metabolic reactions occur continuously in cells to sustain life.
enzyme and coenzym
This document discusses coenzymes, cofactors, and enzyme inhibition. It defines cofactors as non-protein compounds required for enzyme biological activity, and divides them into organic and inorganic groups. Coenzymes are loosely bound cofactors that assist enzyme functioning and transport chemical groups between enzymes. Many coenzymes are related to vitamins. Enzyme inhibitors can be competitive or non-competitive, and examples are given of their medical and poison applications.
Chapter 5 macromolecules
Macromolecules are large polymers made of smaller repeating units called monomers. They include carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Carbohydrates are made of monosaccharides joined by glycosidic bonds, lipids are made of fatty acids and glycerol, proteins are polymers of amino acids, and nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotides. DNA and RNA are nucleic acids that carry genetic information and control protein synthesis.
A Presentation on Enzymes & Co-Enzymes
What are Enzymes; Properties of enzymes; Classification of Enzyme; Mechanism of action of enzyme; Enzyme-Substrate Interactions; Enzyme Activation; Enzyme Inhibition; What are Coenzymes; Salient features of coenzyme; Some Co-Enzymes & its function.
Privacy preserving back up and recovery of emergency data
This document discusses privacy-preserving backup and recovery of emergency data in Germany's telematics system. It analyzes the existing scenario for backing up and recovering emergency data stored on electronic health cards. The existing scenario has disadvantages related to privacy and data security. The document proposes an improved scenario that uses secret sharing techniques like Krawczyk's secret sharing scheme to distribute encrypted emergency data fragments across multiple servers, allowing for privacy-preserving backup and recovery while avoiding single points of failure.
Cheasgn
This document contains 6 questions regarding water hardness, its treatment and analysis. It includes sub-questions about the constituents that cause hardness, calculating hardness from ion concentrations, the terms related to hardness, and methods for determining hardness including EDTA titrations and their principles. Methods for preventing scale formation and corrosion in boilers such as conditioning and Calgon treatment are also addressed.
More Related Content
What's hot
Co-enzyme
Coenzymes are non-protein organic molecules that are associated with and help enzymes function. Coenzymes undergo alterations during enzymatic reactions and are later regenerated, unlike substrates which are converted to products. They participate in reactions involving the transfer of atoms or groups like hydrogen, and play a decisive role in enzyme function. Coenzymes can be classified into three main types: those derived from B vitamins, non-vitamin coenzymes like ATP, and nucleotide coenzymes containing nitrogenous bases, sugars, and phosphates like NAD+ and FAD. The specificity of an enzyme depends more on the apoenzyme than on the coenzyme.
Apch5ppt
The document discusses the four main classes of macromolecules - carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. It describes their monomers, polymers, functions, and roles in energy storage, structure, and heredity. Carbohydrates include monosaccharides like glucose, disaccharides like sucrose, and polysaccharides like starch. Lipids are involved in long-term energy storage and consist of fatty acids and glycerol. Proteins have amino acids as monomers and perform control and structural functions. Nucleic acids like DNA and RNA are made of nucleotides and have roles in heredity, protein synthesis, and energy transfer.
Introduction to metabolism
The document introduces metabolism as the sum of all chemical reactions within an organism that allows it to grow and maintain itself, and describes the two main types as catabolism which breaks down complex molecules to release energy and anabolism which uses that released energy to synthesize complex molecules from simpler precursors. Metabolic pathways involve a series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions that transform a starting molecule into a product, and metabolism occurs through stages of breaking down molecules, activating precursors, and assembling complex structures.
Biomolecules
1. The document discusses analyzing the chemical composition of living organisms. Elemental analysis shows that living tissues contain the same elements as non-living matter like earth's crust, but with higher relative amounts of carbon and hydrogen.
2. Chemical analysis involves grinding tissue, extracting compounds using acid, and separating the acid-soluble and acid-insoluble fractions. Thousands of organic compounds are found in the acid-soluble fraction.
3. Living tissues also contain inorganic elements and compounds identified through destructive experiments like determining ash content after burning tissue.
Role of cofactors in metabolism
Vitamins serve as cofactors or coenzymes that are essential for many enzymatic reactions in the body. Most B vitamins act as coenzymes by facilitating the transfer of atoms or groups between molecules during metabolism. Coenzymes work with enzymes to carry out the enzymes' activity, often by transporting chemical groups from one reactant to another. Vitamins are organic molecules that the body needs but cannot synthesize in adequate amounts, so they must be obtained through the diet.
Chemistry of proteins
Proteins are composed of chains of amino acids and serve important structural and functional roles in biology. They can be classified based on their composition, structure, and biological function. Common analytical techniques used to study proteins include chromatography, electrophoresis, and mass spectrometry which separate proteins based on properties like size and charge. The diversity of amino acid side chains allows proteins to adopt complex 3D structures and perform a wide variety of critical roles in the body.
Biomolecules I
The document discusses several key biological molecules including amino acids, proteins, DNA and RNA. It provides information on their structures and functions. Specifically, it explains that amino acids combine to form proteins, and that DNA and RNA are made up of nucleotides that contain nitrogenous bases and form structures through hydrogen bonding. The roles of these molecules in processes like protein synthesis and gene expression are also summarized.
The chemical_basis_for_life---organic_compounds
This document discusses the four major types of organic compounds found in living things: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. It describes the structure and functions of each compound. Carbohydrates such as glucose provide energy, while lipids store energy and form cell membranes. Proteins have a variety of functions including maintaining cell shape and catalyzing reactions. Nucleic acids like DNA and RNA pass on traits by coding for amino acids and assembling proteins. Carbon is essential to life because it can form the large complex molecules that make up living organisms.
Macromolecules(1)
All cells share similarities in their basic macromolecular components and chemical reactions. They all use nucleic acids like DNA and RNA to store and access genetic information. Proteins, which are polymers of amino acids, serve as enzymes to catalyze cellular reactions. Lipids form cellular membranes and carbohydrates serve structural and energy roles. The same condensation and hydrolysis reactions are used to form and break down these macromolecules in all organisms, reflecting their shared evolutionary origin.
Section 5.5 How do cofactors work?
Cofactors are metal ions or organic compounds that associate with enzymes and are necessary for their function. Coenzymes are organic cofactors like coenzyme Q10 and NAD+, which help carry electrons or groups between reactions. A key coenzyme is ATP, which contains high-energy phosphate bonds and transfers energy and phosphates during phosphorylation reactions, coupling endergonic and exergonic processes to drive cellular metabolism.
Biomolecules: Peptides and Proteins
This document discusses biomolecules, specifically peptides and proteins. It outlines the levels of protein structure from primary to quaternary. Primary structure refers to the amino acid sequence, secondary structure includes alpha helices and beta sheets stabilized by hydrogen bonding. Tertiary structure is the overall 3D shape of a protein, and quaternary involves interaction of multiple polypeptide subunits. Techniques for protein analysis include electrophoresis, chromatography, mass spectrometry and X-ray crystallography. Myoglobin and hemoglobin are compared as examples of monomeric and multimeric protein structures and functions.
The Chemical Basis of Life
Water, carbon dioxide, acids, bases, salts, and organic compounds like carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are the basic chemical components of life. Water makes up 80% of living matter, provides solvent properties, and transports substances. Carbon dioxide provides carbon and oxygen for organic compounds. Changes in acidity and salt concentrations can impair cell function and cause death. Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are organic polymers that serve vital structural and metabolic roles within cells. DNA contains the genetic code and is replicated for inheritance, while RNA aids in protein synthesis.
Carbohydrates, Lipids and Proteins
The document provides information about various biomolecules including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, amino acids, glucose, ribose, and fatty acids. It includes diagrams of their structures and functions in animals and plants. Assessment statements are provided related to distinguishing organic and inorganic compounds, identifying biomolecule structures, examples of mono/di/polysaccharides and their functions, the roles of condensation and hydrolysis reactions, and comparing carbohydrate and lipid use for energy storage.
Chapter2 part2
The document discusses the key biomolecules that make up living organisms: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. It describes their monomers and polymers, how they are assembled through condensation and hydrolysis reactions, and provides examples of their structures and functions in cells.
(Group4)atp adp-nad-nadh anabolism
1. The document discusses ATP, ADP, NAD+, and NADH in the context of anabolism and catabolism.
2. ATP provides energy for anabolic reactions to build molecules from smaller precursors. ATP is converted to ADP, releasing energy.
3. NAD+ and NADH are involved as electron carriers and redox reactants in anabolic biosynthesis pathways. NAD+ is reduced to NADH, which donates electrons during anabolism.
Biomolecule for class 11 science
Biomolecules are the basic building blocks and molecules of life. They include both organic compounds like carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids as well as inorganic compounds like water and minerals. Carbohydrates include monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides and serve many functions in the body including energy storage. Proteins are made of amino acids and are essential for growth, tissue repair, enzyme production, and other functions. Lipids include fats, oils, waxes, and other compounds and store energy and insulate the body. Nucleic acids like DNA and RNA contain the genetic code and DNA has a double helix structure.
Metabolism anabolism & catabolism made easy and simple
Metabolism refers to the sum of all biochemical reactions in the body's cells that convert food into energy and building blocks for cell growth and maintenance. Foods are broken down into simpler molecules like sugars, amino acids, and fatty acids through digestion, which are then used and assembled into more complex molecules through metabolic pathways. These pathways involve both catabolic reactions that break down molecules to release energy and anabolic reactions that use energy to synthesize larger molecules. Thousands of interconnected metabolic reactions occur continuously in cells to sustain life.
enzyme and coenzym
This document discusses coenzymes, cofactors, and enzyme inhibition. It defines cofactors as non-protein compounds required for enzyme biological activity, and divides them into organic and inorganic groups. Coenzymes are loosely bound cofactors that assist enzyme functioning and transport chemical groups between enzymes. Many coenzymes are related to vitamins. Enzyme inhibitors can be competitive or non-competitive, and examples are given of their medical and poison applications.
Chapter 5 macromolecules
Macromolecules are large polymers made of smaller repeating units called monomers. They include carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Carbohydrates are made of monosaccharides joined by glycosidic bonds, lipids are made of fatty acids and glycerol, proteins are polymers of amino acids, and nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotides. DNA and RNA are nucleic acids that carry genetic information and control protein synthesis.
A Presentation on Enzymes & Co-Enzymes
What are Enzymes; Properties of enzymes; Classification of Enzyme; Mechanism of action of enzyme; Enzyme-Substrate Interactions; Enzyme Activation; Enzyme Inhibition; What are Coenzymes; Salient features of coenzyme; Some Co-Enzymes & its function.
What's hot (20)
Metabolism anabolism & catabolism made easy and simple
Metabolism anabolism & catabolism made easy and simple
Viewers also liked
Privacy preserving back up and recovery of emergency data
This document discusses privacy-preserving backup and recovery of emergency data in Germany's telematics system. It analyzes the existing scenario for backing up and recovering emergency data stored on electronic health cards. The existing scenario has disadvantages related to privacy and data security. The document proposes an improved scenario that uses secret sharing techniques like Krawczyk's secret sharing scheme to distribute encrypted emergency data fragments across multiple servers, allowing for privacy-preserving backup and recovery while avoiding single points of failure.
Cheasgn
This document contains 6 questions regarding water hardness, its treatment and analysis. It includes sub-questions about the constituents that cause hardness, calculating hardness from ion concentrations, the terms related to hardness, and methods for determining hardness including EDTA titrations and their principles. Methods for preventing scale formation and corrosion in boilers such as conditioning and Calgon treatment are also addressed.
130531 francis nahm - on the evolution of antipatterns genealogies
This document summarizes a study on the impact of antipatterns on software quality. The study aims to analyze how antipatterns are introduced in code and how they relate to class evolution over multiple versions. The researcher is using the SAD tool to detect antipatterns and design patterns in programs like ArgoUML and Netbeans. Preliminary results from analyzing ArgoUML show general statistics on antipattern introduction and removal over versions, as well as the distribution of class stability groups, but no clear links between antipattern introduction and class evolution yet. Further work includes integrating the Evolizer tool to extract code changes and cross-reference with SAD results.
Best SAP HANA Online Training
This document outlines 30 lessons on SAP HANA, covering its components, architecture, data modeling, administration, security, integration with SAP BI, BW, and other applications. It also discusses system sizing, data provisioning, modeling, reporting, user management, scaling, distributed systems, backup/recovery, and certification questions. Attendees will receive training materials on HANA administration, security, BODS, BPC, and BW integration.
Toyota presentation
This document outlines an online promotion strategy for Toyota targeting three key customer groups: students, business professionals, and racing car enthusiasts. It recommends developing customized themes, content, and social media approaches for each group. Key goals are to appeal to college students, rebuild Toyota's image, and profit from its new hybrid racing car. The proposed strategy includes search engine optimization, social media campaigns, ads on platforms like Google and Facebook, and metrics to track success.
Design principles for digital repostories March 2005
Output of the X4L project ARCHES outlining the pinciples for effective design of repositories identified during the project
Solution For Doctors
Cloud agency offers unique services for doctors. You can avail all these facilities.Just go Through the slides.
We are IT and Media Company from Eastern India. We wok on web development, graphics, print etc.
AgileTour-2010, Noida : What it means to be "An Agile Developer"?
After working with an Agile company for around 3.5 years, I can say to be a successful agile developer you need something extra other than technology skill set.
Viewers also liked (9)
Privacy preserving back up and recovery of emergency data
Privacy preserving back up and recovery of emergency data
130531 francis nahm - on the evolution of antipatterns genealogies
130531 francis nahm - on the evolution of antipatterns genealogies
Design principles for digital repostories March 2005
Design principles for digital repostories March 2005
AgileTour-2010, Noida : What it means to be "An Agile Developer"?
AgileTour-2010, Noida : What it means to be "An Agile Developer"?
Similar to Bio Ch05 For Idol
AP BIO Ch 5 ppt
Here are the names of the bonds:
1. Sugars in a polysaccharide - Glycosidic bonds
2. Amino acids in a protein - Peptide bonds
3. Nucleotides in a nucleic acid - Phosphodiester bonds
Chapter2.3
Carbon compounds include macromolecules such as carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins. Macromolecules are polymers formed from monomers joining together, such as monosaccharides forming polysaccharides or amino acids forming proteins. These macromolecules have important functions in energy storage, structure, and heredity.
1. Introduction to structure of biomolecules lecture Lecture 2-1.pptx
The document discusses the hierarchy of biological organization from the molecular to cellular level. It begins by defining biomolecules as organic compounds formed from key elements like carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen. These biomolecules include micromolecules like amino acids, sugars, and fatty acids that combine to form macromolecules like proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids. These macromolecules further assemble into supramolecular complexes and organelles, with the basic unit of organization being the cell. The hierarchical organization and precise integration of biochemical reactions in cells allows living organisms to maintain a high level of internal order despite being inherently unstable systems.
Biology for Majors, Macromolecules
Proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids are the four major macromolecules that are essential for life. The document provides details on the structures, functions and examples of each. Proteins are polymers of amino acids that perform a wide range of functions. Lipids are nonpolar molecules like fats and phospholipids that form cell membranes. Carbohydrates include sugars that serve as energy stores or structural components. Nucleic acids like DNA and RNA carry genetic information and aid in protein synthesis.
CELL AND CELL ORGANELLE
The document provides an overview of cells and cell organelles. It discusses the key components of the cell theory and describes the main structures and functions of organelles including the nucleus, nucleolus, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, centrioles, cytoskeleton, mitochondria, vacuoles, and macromolecules like nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. It explains that cells are the basic unit of life and composed of organelles that carry out specific functions necessary for cellular processes.
Biomolecules
This document discusses various biomolecules including amino acids, lipids and fatty acids, nucleotides, and macromolecules such as proteins, polysaccharides, nucleic acids, and their structure, functions, and importance. It describes the four main types of protein structure - primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary. It also summarizes metabolism as the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within cells including catabolism and anabolism.
Biochem
This document provides an overview of important biomolecules and their structures and functions. It discusses that organic compounds in cells contain carbon and functional groups. The four major classes of biological molecules are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. These molecules are often polymers formed from linking simple monomers together. Carbohydrates function in energy storage, lipids in energy storage and signaling, proteins in structure and function, and nucleic acids in information storage and transfer. Molecular structure determines biological function.
The chemical nature of the cell
The document summarizes the key components that make up cells. It describes the five major classes of molecules that cells are made of: water, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Each class is comprised of smaller molecules that serve important functions. For example, carbohydrates include simple sugars, complex starches and structural cellulose. Lipids encompass fats, oils, and phospholipids that make up cell membranes. Proteins have complex structures and serve as enzymes, hormones, and structures. Nucleic acids like DNA and RNA contain the cell's genetic code.
Proteins and nucleic acids 2014
Proteins and nucleic acids are important macromolecules that make up cells. Proteins are composed of amino acids and perform critical functions like structure and catalysis. The four levels of protein structure are primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary. Nucleic acids DNA and RNA contain nitrogenous bases and sugars. DNA provides genetic instructions and replicates, while RNA has roles in protein synthesis. ATP is an energy-carrying molecule made from RNA nucleotides.
Concepts in BiochemistryChapter 2Wendy Herndon, BIS, RDH, CD
Concepts in Biochemistry
Chapter 2
Wendy Herndon, BIS, RDH, CDA
Introduction
Dental professionals need to have a basic understanding of biochemistry
It is the foundation for understanding and applying the concepts of nutrition
What is Biochemistry?
It is the study of life at the molecular level
A molecule is:
The smallest particle of a substance that retains all the properties of the substance
A biomolecule is
Any molecule that is produced by a living cell or organism
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YO244P1e9QM
Metabolism involves
Production and use of energy which can come from dietary carbs, proteins, and lipids
Bioinformation involves
The transfer of biological information from DNA to RNA to protein which carries out all of the processes of life
DNA is deoxyribonucleic acid
RNA is Ribonucleic acid
3
Fundamentals
Atoms are:
Made of three tiny particles called:
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
An atom itself is made up of three tiny kinds of particles called subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons. The protons and the neutrons make up the center of the atom called the nucleus and the electrons fly around above the nucleus in a small cloud. All matter is made up of atoms.
4
Fundamentals
Molecules are:
A group of atoms bonded together
An example is when two atoms of hydrogen bond with one atom of oxygen, it forms a water molecule
A molecule is a group of atoms bonded together
5
Fundamentals
The mass of the human body is made of atoms which form molecules (groups of atoms)
Molecules form cells (made up of billions of molecules)
Cells form tissues
Tissues form organs
Organs work together to form systems
Systems form organisms such as a human
Atomic Bonds
Ionic
Ionic bonds form between a positively charged metal and a negatively charged non-metal
An example of an ionic bond is the hydroxyapatite in enamel which is composed of ionic bonds between calcium and phosphate
Atomic Bonds
Covalent
-A covalent bond occurs when two non-metal atoms equally share electrons
-An example of this would be when nitrogen and oxygen bond together to form nitrous oxide
-Laughing gas
Carbon
Element
Carbon is the fourth most abundant element in the universe and is the building block of life on earth
Cells are made of many complex molecules called macromolecules
These include proteins, nucleic acids (RNA and DNA), carbohydrates, and lipids
The carbon atom has unique properties that allow it to form covalent bonds to as many as four different atoms, making this versatile element ideal to serve as the basic structural component, or “backbone,” of the macromolecules (many complex molecules)
Main Biomolecules in Nutrition
(any molecule formed by a living cell or organism)
The four major biomolecules are:
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic acids
These biomolecules are characterized by the type of polymer or monomer they contain and by their function
A polymer is a large molecule containing repeating units kn ...
Org. molecules pres.
This document discusses carbon compounds and macromolecules. It explains that carbon atoms can form strong bonds with many elements, allowing living organisms to be made of molecules with carbon. The four main macromolecules are carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins. Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins are made of monomers that polymerize, while nucleic acids are made of nucleotides. Each macromolecule has distinct functions in living organisms.
Biochemistry of cells
This document provides information about the basic biochemistry of cells. It discusses the discovery of cells and cellular structures. It describes that cells are the fundamental unit of living organisms and discusses the cellular pool of organic and inorganic materials. It also summarizes cellular metabolism, the basic chemical constituents of cells including carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. It provides classifications and roles of these biomolecules. Finally, it briefly discusses cellular enzymes and factors that affect enzyme activity.
Chapter 3
This document discusses macromolecules and their structure and function. It focuses on proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. Proteins are polymers of amino acids and their structure ranges from primary to quaternary levels. Carbohydrates include monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides like starch and cellulose. Lipids are nonpolar and include triglycerides, fatty acids, and phospholipids that form cell membranes. The document explains the structure and properties of these macromolecules.
Bio chemistry
The document discusses carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. It provides details on:
- The basic structures and components of carbohydrates like monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.
- The four levels of protein structure - primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure. Secondary structure includes alpha helices and beta sheets.
- The main types and functions of lipids like triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols. Triglycerides are the main form of lipids and dietary fats.
Org. molecules pres.
1) Carbon atoms can form strong bonds with many other elements due to having four valence electrons. This allows carbon to form the complex structures that make up living organisms.
2) The four main macromolecules found in living things are carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins. Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen while nucleic acids also contain phosphorus and nitrogen.
3) Macromolecules perform essential functions like energy storage, structure, heredity, catalysis, and transport. They are formed by polymerization of smaller monomers and have primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels of structure.
Chapter 1 intro biochem
This document provides an introduction to biochemistry. It defines biochemistry as the study of chemical reactions in living organisms and the structure and function of biomolecules like proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids. The overall goal of biochemistry is to describe life's processes using the language of molecules. The key biomolecules are made of monomers that polymerize to form larger structures. Carbohydrate monomers are monosaccharides, lipid monomers are fatty acids, protein monomers are amino acids, and nucleic acid monomers are nucleotides. The document discusses the basic components of cells, including organelles and biomolecules, and compares characteristics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Structures and Functions of Biological Molecules Grade 11 Biology.pptx
This ppt is actually my Performance Task but Bagyong Oddette came and unfortunately I didn't pass this ppt, hope a lot of youngsters being able to use this
biomolecules.pdf
1. Organic compounds are made up of carbon along with hydrogen, oxygen, and sometimes nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur. They make up all living things.
2. Carbon can form chains and rings by bonding through single, double, or triple covalent bonds. Very large molecules called macromolecules are formed when many smaller molecules bond together.
3. Polymers are large molecules composed of many repeating smaller molecule units called monomers. They are formed through a process called dehydration synthesis which requires the removal of a water molecule.
macromoleculesppt-151004121034-lva1-app6892.pdf
All living things are primarily composed of large biomolecules called biomolecules, which are made up of many atoms bonded together. Biomolecules contain carbon and are classified into four main types: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Carbohydrates include sugars and starches, lipids are fats and oils, proteins are made of amino acids, and nucleic acids include DNA and RNA. These macromolecules are essential for life and perform important functions in cells and organisms.
Biomolecules
The document provides an introduction to macromolecules (biomolecules) that make up living things. It discusses the four main types of organic macromolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. It provides examples of monomer subunits that combine to form polymers of each type of macromolecule, along with their basic structures and roles in living things.
Similar to Bio Ch05 For Idol (20)
1. Introduction to structure of biomolecules lecture Lecture 2-1.pptx
1. Introduction to structure of biomolecules lecture Lecture 2-1.pptx
Concepts in BiochemistryChapter 2Wendy Herndon, BIS, RDH, CD
Concepts in BiochemistryChapter 2Wendy Herndon, BIS, RDH, CD
Structures and Functions of Biological Molecules Grade 11 Biology.pptx
Structures and Functions of Biological Molecules Grade 11 Biology.pptx
Recently uploaded
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama UniversityAkanksha trivedi rama nursing college kanpur.
Natural birth techniques are various type such as/ water birth , alexender method, hypnosis, bradley method, lamaze method etcবাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective UpskillingExcellence Foundation for South Sudan
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)Academy of Science of South Africa
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.The History of Stoke Newington Street Names
Presented at the Stoke Newington Literary Festival on 9th June 2024
www.StokeNewingtonHistory.com
Azure Interview Questions and Answers PDF By ScholarHat
Azure Interview Questions and Answers PDF By ScholarHat
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP Module
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold Method
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
RPMS TEMPLATE FOR SCHOOL YEAR 2023-2024 FOR TEACHER 1 TO TEACHER 3
RPMS Template 2023-2024 by: Irene S. Rueco
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptxMohd Adib Abd Muin, Senior Lecturer at Universiti Utara Malaysia
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...National Information Standards Organization (NISO)
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
https://app.box.com/s/y977uz6bpd3af4qsebv7r9b7s21935vdWhat is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Aberdeen
Recently uploaded (20)
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
Azure Interview Questions and Answers PDF By ScholarHat
Azure Interview Questions and Answers PDF By ScholarHat
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold Method
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold Method
RPMS TEMPLATE FOR SCHOOL YEAR 2023-2024 FOR TEACHER 1 TO TEACHER 3
RPMS TEMPLATE FOR SCHOOL YEAR 2023-2024 FOR TEACHER 1 TO TEACHER 3
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
Bio Ch05 For Idol
- 1. Chapter 5 The Structure and Function of Macromolecules BIO 101 Southwest Virginia Community College Kevin Stilwell Assistant Professor of Biology BIOLOGY 7th edition Neil Campbell, Jane Reece and Chris Romero