The document discusses several key biological molecules including amino acids, proteins, DNA and RNA. It provides information on their structures and functions. Specifically, it explains that amino acids combine to form proteins, and that DNA and RNA are made up of nucleotides that contain nitrogenous bases and form structures through hydrogen bonding. The roles of these molecules in processes like protein synthesis and gene expression are also summarized.

1. Biological Molecules Today: amino acids, proteins DNA, RNA April 14, 2009

3. So what makes carbon so special?

4. Here is an organic molecule Isopropyl alcohol (rubbing alcohol) Construct a model of isopropyl alcohol

5. Here is an organic molecule Isopropyl alcohol (rubbing alcohol) Carbon skeleton Functional group

6. Does your model look like this?

7. Benzene

8. Our plastic model looks a little different

10. As opposed to …

11. Amino Acids

16. Formation of a peptide bond

17. An example of an enzyme

19. Sucrose is first digested in the stomach by stomach acid. Any remaining sucrose split into glucose and fructose by sucrase in the walls of the intestines.

21. RNA and DNA Thymine T

22. Nitrogenous Bases

23. Hydrogen Bonding 5’ end 3’ end

24. Nucleotide

25. Nucleotide in RNA Sugar (ribose) phosphate Nitrogenous base (A)

26. Protein synthesis RNA polymerase makes this step happen

29. Structure of proteins

31. Silk These pleated sheet structures make the material resistant to stretching. The small R groups make the chains compact giving the material a smooth feel. The uniform surface makes it a good reflector of light.

32. Artificial Silk Polymer continues on in each direction

35. Where do biological molecules come from? USAToday Posted 8/8/2006 This is an artist’s rendition of the cosmic chemistry cycle. Stars eject matter into space. Diffuse gas clouds condense into stars and planets or comets and meteorites.