Intonation refers to patterns of pitch used in speech that carry meaningful information. There are four main intonation contours: falling, rising, fall-rising, and rise-falling. Falling intonation is used for definite statements and wh-questions, while rising intonation is used for yes-no questions. Fall-rise intonation implies uncertainty or possibility of adding more information, and is used for polite questions. Intonation helps with attitude, emphasis, grammar, and distinguishing new from given information in discourse.

1. Intonation

2. Intonation is a term used to
refer to the distinctive use of a
different patterns of pitch that
carry meaningful information

3. The kinds of pitch modulation which are
found in whole utterances. Intonation
contours can be used to highlight certain
elements in an utterance, to bundle words
together into information chunks, to
convey speaker’s attitude to what he/she
is saying.

4. • Fall intonation
• Rise intonation
• Fall-rise intonation
• Rise-fall intonation

5. falling intonation describes how the voice falls
on the final stressed syllable of a phrase or a
group of words. A falling intonation is very
common in wh-questions.
We also use falling intonation when we say
something definite, or when we want to be very
clear about something

6. Rising intonation describes how the voice
rises at the end of a sentence. Rising
intonation is common in yes-no questions

7. Fall-rise intonation describes how the voice falls
and then rises. We use fall-rise intonation at the
end of statements when we want to say that we
are not sure, or when we may have more to add

8. We use fall-rise intonation with questions,
especially when we request information or
invite somebody to do or to have something.
The intonation pattern makes the questions
sound more polite

10. when a pitch is
remaining at a constant level
when a pitch is
changing from one level to another

11. Attitudinal function
Accentual function
Grammatical function
Discourse function

12. it express our feelings, attitudes, emotions. For
example: happiness, boredom, anger.

13. the placement of stress is determined
by intonation.

14. it is determined by intonation. The listener
is better to recognize the grammar and
syntax structure. For example : those who
sold quickly, made a profit( a profit was
made by those who sold quickly) .
those who sold quickly , made a profit( a
profit was quickly made by those who sold)

15. the listener is able to recognize
which information is “new” and
which already “taken”.