Phonetics
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Intonation refers to patterns of pitch that carry meaningful information. There are four main types: fall, rise, fall-rise, and rise-fall. Intonation serves attitudinal, accentual, grammatical, and discourse functions to express feelings, stress words, and help listeners understand grammar, syntax, and new versus given information. Received Pronunciation (RP) was historically used by the British aristocracy but has changed over time with the emergence of new accents like Cockney, working class, and Estuary English, described in 1984 as originating near the Thames. RP has undergone several phonological changes in its pronunciation of consonants and diphthongs.
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Phonology
This document discusses phonology and phonetics. Phonology is the study of sound patterns in language, while phonetics is the physical properties and production of speech sounds. A phoneme is a meaningful sound unit in a language, represented between slashes. An allophone is a phonetic realization of a phoneme. For example, the 'p' sound in 'paper' and 'spill' are allophones of the phoneme /p/ in English. Phonemes contrast meaning between words, like 'rowing' vs. 'mowing', while allophones do not change meaning. The minimal pairs test examines if two sounds can change the meaning of words when swapped, like "take" vs. "tape".
Phonology Introduction
Phonology is the study of sound systems in languages. It has four branches: segmental phonology which analyzes speech into discrete segments like phonemes; suprasegmental phonology which analyzes features over multiple segments like intonation and stress; diachronic phonology which studies sound patterns through a language's history; and synchronic phonology which studies sound patterns regardless of historical change. Phonology also examines phones which are minimal speech units, phonemes which are distinctive minimal units, and allophones which are variants of phonemes that occur in different phonetic environments. A syllable contains a sonority peak like a vowel with optional onset and coda consonants. Syllable structure and distinctive features are also
Introduction to Phonology
Phonology is the study of speech sound patterns and systems in languages. It focuses on the abstract mental representation of sounds rather than physical articulation. Phonologists try to understand how speech sounds are combined. The smallest meaningful units of sound are phonemes, while actual spoken sounds are phones. Phonemes are distinguished by changing meaning when substituted, while phones only change pronunciation. Syllables consist of an onset, nucleus, and coda. Co-articulation involves assimilation and elision of sounds in normal speech for fluency. Minimal pairs are words that differ by one phoneme like 'pat' and 'bat'.
Importance of phonology
Phonology is the study of the sound systems of spoken human languages. It examines the production of speech sounds, the structure and patterning of sounds in a given language, and how sounds combine and change depending on their environment. Phonology has several branches including phonemics, which studies phonemes - the basic units of sound that distinguish meaning. It also examines related concepts like allophones, morphophonemes, and phones. The systematic study of a language's phonology can provide insight into how and why sounds change over time and vary between dialects.
Allophones
A brief discussion of Allophones. It includes examples and as well as discussion of the elements of a paper review.
Phonology
This document provides an overview of phonology, discussing its key concepts and units of analysis. It defines phonology as the study of sound patterns in language and identifies its three major units as segments, syllables, and features. It examines topics such as minimal pairs, contrastive sounds, allophones, and phonotactics. It also discusses language-specific variations and how sounds that contrast in one language may not in another. Overall, the document provides a concise introduction to fundamental concepts in phonological analysis.
Segmental phonemes
Allophones are variants of phonemes that are audibly distinct but do not change the meaning of words. For example, the /p/ phoneme can be pronounced as either /p/ or /ph/, depending on its position in a word or sentence. Phonemes may be pronounced differently based on their surrounding sounds, through either complementary distribution or free variation. Complementary distribution refers to phonemes being pronounced differently in different environments, while free variation means a phoneme can be pronounced differently even in the same environment.
Intro to Phonology
This document discusses key concepts in phonology, the study of sound systems in language. It defines phonology and phonetics, with phonology dealing with how sounds are organized in a language and phonetics concerning physical properties of sounds. Phonemes are classes of sounds perceived as the same, while allophones are variant realizations of the same phoneme. Contrastive sounds distinguish meaning, while complementary and free variant sounds do not. Distribution and minimal pairs are used to determine if sounds are contrastive.
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Phonology
This document discusses phonology and phonetics. Phonology is the study of sound patterns in language, while phonetics is the physical properties and production of speech sounds. A phoneme is a meaningful sound unit in a language, represented between slashes. An allophone is a phonetic realization of a phoneme. For example, the 'p' sound in 'paper' and 'spill' are allophones of the phoneme /p/ in English. Phonemes contrast meaning between words, like 'rowing' vs. 'mowing', while allophones do not change meaning. The minimal pairs test examines if two sounds can change the meaning of words when swapped, like "take" vs. "tape".
Phonology Introduction
Phonology is the study of sound systems in languages. It has four branches: segmental phonology which analyzes speech into discrete segments like phonemes; suprasegmental phonology which analyzes features over multiple segments like intonation and stress; diachronic phonology which studies sound patterns through a language's history; and synchronic phonology which studies sound patterns regardless of historical change. Phonology also examines phones which are minimal speech units, phonemes which are distinctive minimal units, and allophones which are variants of phonemes that occur in different phonetic environments. A syllable contains a sonority peak like a vowel with optional onset and coda consonants. Syllable structure and distinctive features are also
Introduction to Phonology
Phonology is the study of speech sound patterns and systems in languages. It focuses on the abstract mental representation of sounds rather than physical articulation. Phonologists try to understand how speech sounds are combined. The smallest meaningful units of sound are phonemes, while actual spoken sounds are phones. Phonemes are distinguished by changing meaning when substituted, while phones only change pronunciation. Syllables consist of an onset, nucleus, and coda. Co-articulation involves assimilation and elision of sounds in normal speech for fluency. Minimal pairs are words that differ by one phoneme like 'pat' and 'bat'.
Importance of phonology
Phonology is the study of the sound systems of spoken human languages. It examines the production of speech sounds, the structure and patterning of sounds in a given language, and how sounds combine and change depending on their environment. Phonology has several branches including phonemics, which studies phonemes - the basic units of sound that distinguish meaning. It also examines related concepts like allophones, morphophonemes, and phones. The systematic study of a language's phonology can provide insight into how and why sounds change over time and vary between dialects.
Allophones
A brief discussion of Allophones. It includes examples and as well as discussion of the elements of a paper review.
Phonology
This document provides an overview of phonology, discussing its key concepts and units of analysis. It defines phonology as the study of sound patterns in language and identifies its three major units as segments, syllables, and features. It examines topics such as minimal pairs, contrastive sounds, allophones, and phonotactics. It also discusses language-specific variations and how sounds that contrast in one language may not in another. Overall, the document provides a concise introduction to fundamental concepts in phonological analysis.
Segmental phonemes
Allophones are variants of phonemes that are audibly distinct but do not change the meaning of words. For example, the /p/ phoneme can be pronounced as either /p/ or /ph/, depending on its position in a word or sentence. Phonemes may be pronounced differently based on their surrounding sounds, through either complementary distribution or free variation. Complementary distribution refers to phonemes being pronounced differently in different environments, while free variation means a phoneme can be pronounced differently even in the same environment.
Intro to Phonology
This document discusses key concepts in phonology, the study of sound systems in language. It defines phonology and phonetics, with phonology dealing with how sounds are organized in a language and phonetics concerning physical properties of sounds. Phonemes are classes of sounds perceived as the same, while allophones are variant realizations of the same phoneme. Contrastive sounds distinguish meaning, while complementary and free variant sounds do not. Distribution and minimal pairs are used to determine if sounds are contrastive.
Phonology
Phonology is the study of how sounds are organized and used in languages. It examines an inventory of sounds and rules for how they interact, and analyzes sound patterns to determine which sounds are significant for a language. Phonetics studies speech sound production, while phonology analyzes sound patterns and interpretations in a particular language. A phoneme is the smallest meaningful sound unit that distinguishes word meanings. Generative phonology assigns phonetic representations to utterances based on a speaker's internal grammar. Non-linear models like autosegmental and metrical phonology treat representations as multi-dimensional. Lexical phonology accounts for interactions of morphology and phonology in word formation through ordered levels.
Phonology
Phonology is the study of the sound system of a language. It examines phonemes, which are abstract linguistic units that include different sounds, and allophones, which are variant forms of the same phoneme that differ in features. Phonemic transcription uses symbols to represent phonemes, while phonetic transcription shows articulatory detail by representing allophones between brackets. Diacritics provide extra information in phonetic but not phonemic transcription. Minimal pairs reveal phoneme distinctions, and complementary distribution and free variation describe sound patterns. Neutralization occurs when phoneme opposition is lost in an environment.
Phonetic
Phonemes are the smallest units that distinguish meaning in a language. They are abstract and contrastive. Phones are concrete speech sounds that are realizations of phonemes. Allophones are variant phones that are predictable realizations of a single phoneme. Complementary distribution occurs when similar phones cannot appear in the same context and are considered allophones. Free variation occurs when phones can be substituted without changing meaning. The document also discusses syllable structure in English and features of consonant distribution and realization.
Consonants andvowels
This document provides an overview of phonetics and phonetic transcription. It discusses the main subfields of phonetics including articulatory, acoustic, and perceptual phonetics. It describes the articulatory apparatus and assumptions made in transcription. It then provides examples of consonants and vowels in English, categorizing them based on their place and manner of articulation. It notes some key points about phonological analysis and variation in sound production across contexts and speakers.
Phonetics and phonology
This document provides information about phonetics and phonology. It defines phonetics as the study of speech sounds and their production, combination, and description, while phonology is concerned with how patterns of speech sounds create meaning. It discusses the branches of phonetics including articulatory, acoustic, and auditory phonetics. It also explains that phonetics studies the physical properties of sounds, while phonology studies abstract sound patterns and systems. The document provides the definition of key terms like phoneme and includes examples of a phonemic chart and International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) chart.
Phonemes & Consonant Allophones
The phoneme can be defined as "the smallest contrastive linguistic unit which may bring about a change of meaning" (Gimson, A.C. (2008), Cruttenden, A., ed., The Pronunciation of English (7 ed.)). This definition can be clarified by a practice called minimal pair which is listing pairs of words which are different in meaning and phonologically distinct only in one phonological element.
Minimal pair can be illustrated in the following examples:
The words "pin" /pɪn/ and "pan" /pæn/ are different only in their middle sounds i.e. /ɪ/ & /æ/. Therefore the sounds /ɪ/ & /æ/ are considered to be different phonemes.
The words "pill" /pɪl/ and "bill" /bɪl/ are different only in their initial sounds i.e. /p/ & /b/. Therefore the sounds /p/ & /b/ are considered to be different phonemes.
An allophone, on the other hand, is one of a set of multiple possible spoken sounds (or phones) used to pronounce a single phoneme. It can be considered to be variations of a phoneme and doesn't change the meaning of a word.
e.g. the phoneme /p/ in the word "pill" /pɪl/ can be aspirated [pʰɪl ]. So the aspirated [pʰ] is considered to be the allophone of the phoneme /p/
Phonology
Phonology is the study of how pronunciation changes based on context. This document discusses phonology, including:
- Phonological rules describe how phonemes are realized as allophones in different environments. For example, in Japanese /s/ is realized as [s] except before [i] where it is [ɕ].
- Phonemes contrast meaning but allophones do not. Sounds can be in complementary distribution, like [s] and [ɕ] in Japanese, or contrastive distribution if they distinguish words.
- Languages analyze sounds differently. What is phonemic in one language may be allophonic in another. Phonological knowledge is implicit and allows speakers to pronounce new words
Phonetics English
This document provides an overview of phonetics, the study of speech sounds. It discusses the three main branches of phonetics: acoustic, auditory, and articulatory. It notes that English has 44 sounds, including 24 consonants and 20 vowels. The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) was created to represent each sound with a unique symbol. The document then describes the different types of vowels in English, including 12 monophthongs and 8 diphthongs. It concludes by listing and providing examples of the various consonant sounds in English, such as plosives, affricates, fricatives, nasals, and approximants.
Suprasegmental aspects of speech
This document discusses various linguistic concepts related to stress, rhythm, and intonation in language. It covers the production and perception of stress, the different types of stress patterns in languages, and theories about rhythmic classes in language. It also addresses aspects of connected speech like vowel reduction and assimilation. Finally, it describes intonation patterns and the functions of intonation in both tonal and intonational languages.
English Allophones
This document discusses English phonetics and phonology. It defines a phoneme as the smallest contrastive phonological unit and minimal pairs as words that differ by one phoneme, showing a change in meaning. Allophones are variations of phonemes. It provides examples of aspirated and unaspirated plosives, released and unreleased plosives, and allophones of the /l/ phoneme including clear, dark, and devoiced variations.
Allophone & allomorph and sound pattern of language
1. Allomorphs are different pronunciations of the same morpheme. For example, the plural morpheme -s has allomorphs [s], [z], and [iz]. The choice of allomorph depends on phonological rules, not morphology.
2. Phonology is the study of sound patterns in a language. Each phoneme has one or more allophones, which are the actual sounds used in different environments. For example, [i] and [æ] are allophones of different vowel phonemes in English.
3. Allophones are phonetic realizations of phonemes that vary based on surrounding sounds. For example, the phoneme /t/ has
Basic phonetics
Dr.S.Sundarabalu
Assistant Professor
Department of Linguistics
Bharathiar University,Coimbatore-46
sunder_balu@yahoo.co.in
India- 9715769995
Phoneme my intro
The document provides an overview of the history and theories surrounding the concept of the phoneme. It traces discussions of the phoneme back to ancient linguists and discusses key developments in how it has been conceptualized over time by different schools of thought, including being viewed as a physical reality, psychological notion, set of features, and abstract mental representation. The timeline highlights contributions from structuralism to modern generative linguistics in how the nature and definition of the phoneme has evolved.
Phonological processes phonetics ii
This document discusses several key concepts in phonetics and phonology:
Phonetics is the study of speech sounds and their acoustic properties, while phonology examines how sounds function and pattern in a language.
Phonemes are the smallest units of sound in a language that can distinguish meaning. For example, the phoneme /p/ in English can be pronounced as aspirated, unaspirated, or unreleased depending on context.
Phonological processes like linking, elision, haplology, metathesis, and assimilation describe how sounds change or are simplified in connected speech. For instance, linking joins consonants to following vowels, while assimilation transfers features between adjacent sounds.
Under
Phonemes (1)
Phonemes are the smallest units of sound in words. A phoneme may consist of one or more letters that make a single sound. Knowing phonemes is important for spelling. The document provides examples of words that demonstrate the same phonemes as well as words where phonemes are missing to determine the correct sound.
Phonology
Part of a lecture series on English Language Pedagogy for Vietnamese in-service English language teachers, 14 October 2014 @ UCSI International School, Port Dickson MY.
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This document discusses key concepts in phonology, including:
1. Phonology studies the distribution and interaction of sounds in a language, as well as how speech sounds are organized. It examines which sounds are predictable and the context that predicts them.
2. Phonetics studies how speech sounds are physically produced and perceived, while phonology studies how they are organized in a language.
3. Phonemes are abstract sound categories that underlie predictable phonetic variations called allophones. Choosing the underlying phonemic representation considers factors like naturalness, similarity between sounds, and how well it fits the language's patterns.
4. Phonological rules describe the environment where one sound becomes another, linking
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1. Bella Kirana
2. Ninda Striratna Taj Hanun
3. Amalia Hani
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Phonology is the study of sound systems in languages. It examines phonemes, allophones, phonological rules, and suprasegmental features. Phonemes are abstract units that distinguish meaning, while allophones are context-dependent variants of phonemes. Phonological rules describe sound changes like assimilation. Suprasegmentals include stress, tone, and intonation. Minimal pairs help identify phonemes, and complementary distribution identifies allophones.
Phonology: The Sound Patterns of Language
The document discusses several key concepts in phonology:
1. Phonology is concerned with how sounds function and pattern in a language. It describes how speech sounds are organized and affect one another in pronunciation.
2. Phonemes are abstract mental representations of sounds, not the physical sounds themselves. Minimal pairs can be used to identify phonemes by finding words that differ in only one sound.
3. Allophones are different versions of the same underlying phoneme. They are non-contrastive and found in complementary distribution, occurring in different phonetic environments.
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Examine the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) and how speech sounds are represented;
Explore sound segments ‘phonemes’ and sound combinations;
Explain the distinction between phonemes and allophones;
Discuss the suprasegmental features including length, stress, and pitch as well as syllables;
Apply the learned knowledge in helping students improve L2 pronunciation.
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Phonetics is the study of the sounds of language, including how sounds are produced and perceived. It describes all the sounds of the world's languages using the International Phonetic Alphabet. The place of articulation refers to where in the vocal tract airflow is restricted when producing consonant sounds, such as at the lips, teeth, alveolar ridge, palate, velum, uvula, or glottis.
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Phonology
Phonology is the study of how sounds are organized and used in languages. It examines an inventory of sounds and rules for how they interact, and analyzes sound patterns to determine which sounds are significant for a language. Phonetics studies speech sound production, while phonology analyzes sound patterns and interpretations in a particular language. A phoneme is the smallest meaningful sound unit that distinguishes word meanings. Generative phonology assigns phonetic representations to utterances based on a speaker's internal grammar. Non-linear models like autosegmental and metrical phonology treat representations as multi-dimensional. Lexical phonology accounts for interactions of morphology and phonology in word formation through ordered levels.
Phonology
Phonology is the study of the sound system of a language. It examines phonemes, which are abstract linguistic units that include different sounds, and allophones, which are variant forms of the same phoneme that differ in features. Phonemic transcription uses symbols to represent phonemes, while phonetic transcription shows articulatory detail by representing allophones between brackets. Diacritics provide extra information in phonetic but not phonemic transcription. Minimal pairs reveal phoneme distinctions, and complementary distribution and free variation describe sound patterns. Neutralization occurs when phoneme opposition is lost in an environment.
Phonetic
Phonemes are the smallest units that distinguish meaning in a language. They are abstract and contrastive. Phones are concrete speech sounds that are realizations of phonemes. Allophones are variant phones that are predictable realizations of a single phoneme. Complementary distribution occurs when similar phones cannot appear in the same context and are considered allophones. Free variation occurs when phones can be substituted without changing meaning. The document also discusses syllable structure in English and features of consonant distribution and realization.
Consonants andvowels
This document provides an overview of phonetics and phonetic transcription. It discusses the main subfields of phonetics including articulatory, acoustic, and perceptual phonetics. It describes the articulatory apparatus and assumptions made in transcription. It then provides examples of consonants and vowels in English, categorizing them based on their place and manner of articulation. It notes some key points about phonological analysis and variation in sound production across contexts and speakers.
Phonetics and phonology
This document provides information about phonetics and phonology. It defines phonetics as the study of speech sounds and their production, combination, and description, while phonology is concerned with how patterns of speech sounds create meaning. It discusses the branches of phonetics including articulatory, acoustic, and auditory phonetics. It also explains that phonetics studies the physical properties of sounds, while phonology studies abstract sound patterns and systems. The document provides the definition of key terms like phoneme and includes examples of a phonemic chart and International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) chart.
Phonemes & Consonant Allophones
The phoneme can be defined as "the smallest contrastive linguistic unit which may bring about a change of meaning" (Gimson, A.C. (2008), Cruttenden, A., ed., The Pronunciation of English (7 ed.)). This definition can be clarified by a practice called minimal pair which is listing pairs of words which are different in meaning and phonologically distinct only in one phonological element.
Minimal pair can be illustrated in the following examples:
The words "pin" /pɪn/ and "pan" /pæn/ are different only in their middle sounds i.e. /ɪ/ & /æ/. Therefore the sounds /ɪ/ & /æ/ are considered to be different phonemes.
The words "pill" /pɪl/ and "bill" /bɪl/ are different only in their initial sounds i.e. /p/ & /b/. Therefore the sounds /p/ & /b/ are considered to be different phonemes.
An allophone, on the other hand, is one of a set of multiple possible spoken sounds (or phones) used to pronounce a single phoneme. It can be considered to be variations of a phoneme and doesn't change the meaning of a word.
e.g. the phoneme /p/ in the word "pill" /pɪl/ can be aspirated [pʰɪl ]. So the aspirated [pʰ] is considered to be the allophone of the phoneme /p/
Phonology
Phonology is the study of how pronunciation changes based on context. This document discusses phonology, including:
- Phonological rules describe how phonemes are realized as allophones in different environments. For example, in Japanese /s/ is realized as [s] except before [i] where it is [ɕ].
- Phonemes contrast meaning but allophones do not. Sounds can be in complementary distribution, like [s] and [ɕ] in Japanese, or contrastive distribution if they distinguish words.
- Languages analyze sounds differently. What is phonemic in one language may be allophonic in another. Phonological knowledge is implicit and allows speakers to pronounce new words
Phonetics English
This document provides an overview of phonetics, the study of speech sounds. It discusses the three main branches of phonetics: acoustic, auditory, and articulatory. It notes that English has 44 sounds, including 24 consonants and 20 vowels. The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) was created to represent each sound with a unique symbol. The document then describes the different types of vowels in English, including 12 monophthongs and 8 diphthongs. It concludes by listing and providing examples of the various consonant sounds in English, such as plosives, affricates, fricatives, nasals, and approximants.
Suprasegmental aspects of speech
This document discusses various linguistic concepts related to stress, rhythm, and intonation in language. It covers the production and perception of stress, the different types of stress patterns in languages, and theories about rhythmic classes in language. It also addresses aspects of connected speech like vowel reduction and assimilation. Finally, it describes intonation patterns and the functions of intonation in both tonal and intonational languages.
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This document discusses English phonetics and phonology. It defines a phoneme as the smallest contrastive phonological unit and minimal pairs as words that differ by one phoneme, showing a change in meaning. Allophones are variations of phonemes. It provides examples of aspirated and unaspirated plosives, released and unreleased plosives, and allophones of the /l/ phoneme including clear, dark, and devoiced variations.
Allophone & allomorph and sound pattern of language
1. Allomorphs are different pronunciations of the same morpheme. For example, the plural morpheme -s has allomorphs [s], [z], and [iz]. The choice of allomorph depends on phonological rules, not morphology.
2. Phonology is the study of sound patterns in a language. Each phoneme has one or more allophones, which are the actual sounds used in different environments. For example, [i] and [æ] are allophones of different vowel phonemes in English.
3. Allophones are phonetic realizations of phonemes that vary based on surrounding sounds. For example, the phoneme /t/ has
Basic phonetics
Dr.S.Sundarabalu
Assistant Professor
Department of Linguistics
Bharathiar University,Coimbatore-46
sunder_balu@yahoo.co.in
India- 9715769995
Phoneme my intro
The document provides an overview of the history and theories surrounding the concept of the phoneme. It traces discussions of the phoneme back to ancient linguists and discusses key developments in how it has been conceptualized over time by different schools of thought, including being viewed as a physical reality, psychological notion, set of features, and abstract mental representation. The timeline highlights contributions from structuralism to modern generative linguistics in how the nature and definition of the phoneme has evolved.
Phonological processes phonetics ii
This document discusses several key concepts in phonetics and phonology:
Phonetics is the study of speech sounds and their acoustic properties, while phonology examines how sounds function and pattern in a language.
Phonemes are the smallest units of sound in a language that can distinguish meaning. For example, the phoneme /p/ in English can be pronounced as aspirated, unaspirated, or unreleased depending on context.
Phonological processes like linking, elision, haplology, metathesis, and assimilation describe how sounds change or are simplified in connected speech. For instance, linking joins consonants to following vowels, while assimilation transfers features between adjacent sounds.
Under
Phonemes (1)
Phonemes are the smallest units of sound in words. A phoneme may consist of one or more letters that make a single sound. Knowing phonemes is important for spelling. The document provides examples of words that demonstrate the same phonemes as well as words where phonemes are missing to determine the correct sound.
Phonology
Part of a lecture series on English Language Pedagogy for Vietnamese in-service English language teachers, 14 October 2014 @ UCSI International School, Port Dickson MY.
phonology Chapter 8
This document discusses key concepts in phonology, including:
1. Phonology studies the distribution and interaction of sounds in a language, as well as how speech sounds are organized. It examines which sounds are predictable and the context that predicts them.
2. Phonetics studies how speech sounds are physically produced and perceived, while phonology studies how they are organized in a language.
3. Phonemes are abstract sound categories that underlie predictable phonetic variations called allophones. Choosing the underlying phonemic representation considers factors like naturalness, similarity between sounds, and how well it fits the language's patterns.
4. Phonological rules describe the environment where one sound becomes another, linking
Phonology presentation
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Introduction to Linguistics by
1. Bella Kirana
2. Ninda Striratna Taj Hanun
3. Amalia Hani
4. Salma Hamalna
Intro to phonology lectr 2
Phonology is the study of sound systems in languages. It examines phonemes, allophones, phonological rules, and suprasegmental features. Phonemes are abstract units that distinguish meaning, while allophones are context-dependent variants of phonemes. Phonological rules describe sound changes like assimilation. Suprasegmentals include stress, tone, and intonation. Minimal pairs help identify phonemes, and complementary distribution identifies allophones.
Phonology: The Sound Patterns of Language
The document discusses several key concepts in phonology:
1. Phonology is concerned with how sounds function and pattern in a language. It describes how speech sounds are organized and affect one another in pronunciation.
2. Phonemes are abstract mental representations of sounds, not the physical sounds themselves. Minimal pairs can be used to identify phonemes by finding words that differ in only one sound.
3. Allophones are different versions of the same underlying phoneme. They are non-contrastive and found in complementary distribution, occurring in different phonetic environments.
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Allophone & allomorph and sound pattern of language
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Explore sound segments ‘phonemes’ and sound combinations;
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Apply the learned knowledge in helping students improve L2 pronunciation.
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This document provides an overview of phonetics and phonology in the English language. It defines phonetics as the study of speech sounds and describes the key areas of articulatory, acoustic, and auditory phonetics. Consonants and vowels are examined in terms of their place and manner of articulation. Suprasegmentals like stress, tone, length, and intonation are also discussed. Phonology is defined as how speech sounds are organized and relate to one another. Common phonological rules in English like aspiration, flapping, assimilation, and deletion are presented. The document concludes with tips and resources for teaching English pronunciation.
Intonation
Intonation refers to the pitch patterns used in speech. It is how we say things rather than what we say, and without intonation it is impossible to understand expressions and thoughts conveyed through words. Intonation patterns group words into tone units that package information and convey attitudes. The placement of stress and pitch movement within and between tone units is important for meaning.
Accents and dialects 2.pptx
This document discusses various English accents and dialects from around the world. It defines an accent as how words are pronounced, and a dialect as words that are only used in some regions. It then proceeds to describe the characteristics of several major English accents, including Received Pronunciation (RP) used by the BBC in England; Scottish, Irish, Liverpudlian, Cockney, New York, Southern US, Canadian, Australian accents. Key features mentioned include pronunciation of vowels, addition or omission of 'r' sounds, and use of unique vocabulary terms. The document serves to illustrate the wide diversity in English pronunciation across different cultures and locations.
Teachpron todo
Teaching pronunciation involves teaching the sounds, stress, rhythm, and intonation patterns of a language. It includes identifying phonemes - the smallest units of sound that distinguish meaning. Teachers should provide authentic models, encourage listening practice, and integrate pronunciation into other lessons. They should also teach recognition before production and be aware of how a student's first language may influence their pronunciation in a second language. Effective techniques include using phonetic scripts, minimal pairs, and awareness of universal processes of pronunciation acquisition.
Historical linguistics 2
There are several types of language change that occur over time, including sound changes, morphological changes, and semantic changes. Sound changes involve changes in pronunciation and happen naturally as languages evolve, such as the Great Vowel Shift in English. Morphological changes include changes to word structure through processes like borrowing affixes from other languages or regularizing irregular forms through analogy. Semantic changes refer to changes in word meanings.
Chapter 17: Language history and change
This document discusses the history and evolution of the English language from Old English to Modern English. It describes how family trees were created to show how languages are related and how words in different languages with similar meanings, spellings and pronunciations (cognates) can indicate a shared ancestral language. The document also explains comparative reconstruction, which aims to reconstruct the original forms in ancestral languages, and provides examples of how sounds and words were reconstructed across language families. Finally, it outlines the major periods of English history: Old English before 1100, Middle English from 1100-1500, Early Modern English from 1500-1700, and Modern English after 1700.
Language History and Change
This document discusses the history and evolution of the English language from Old English to Modern English. It describes how family trees were created to show how languages are related and how words in different languages with similar meanings, spellings and pronunciations (cognates) can indicate a shared ancestral language. The document also explains comparative reconstruction, which aims to reconstruct the original forms and sounds in ancestral languages, and divides the history of English into four periods: Old English before 1100, Middle English from 1100-1500, Early Modern English from 1500-1700, and Modern English after 1700.
Discourse analysis and phonology
This chapter discusses discourse analysis approaches to pronunciation and intonation for language teachers. It covers traditional views of pronunciation teaching focusing on phonemes but notes issues with this when applied to natural discourse. Most of the chapter focuses on intonation, exploring traditional views of rhythm, word stress, prominence, and intonational units. It examines grammatical, attitudinal and interactive approaches to understanding the meanings conveyed by intonation patterns. The key point is that intonation is best understood from an interactive viewpoint as signaling the flow and information structure of discourse rather than conveying fixed attitudes.
LANGUAGE CHANGE: THE SYLLABLES OF TIME
About language change throughout the years and how it evolved in aspects of phonology, morphology, syntax and semantics.
Advanced Phonology
This document discusses syllables and syllable structure in English. It defines a syllable and its key components - the nucleus, onset, and coda. It provides examples of different syllable types in English words. The document also covers topics like phonotactics, strong and weak syllables, word stress patterns, and weak and strong forms of common function words in English. In summary, it provides a comprehensive overview of the phonological structure of syllables in the English language.
Phonetics
This document provides an overview of phonetics and the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). It discusses the objectives of learning phonetics, including understanding the relationship between sounds and spelling. It describes acoustic, auditory, and articulatory phonetics. It explains that a good phonetic alphabet should represent each sound with a unique symbol and distinguish between sounds that change word meanings. The document also describes the human vocal tract and organs involved in speech production. It details the phonetic classification of English consonants and vowels, including place and manner of articulation. Key aspects of the IPA are presented, including charts of consonant and vowel symbols.
Phonetics and phonology
This document provides an overview of phonetics and phonology. It begins by defining phonetics as dealing with the physical side of speech, while phonology deals with the mechanism of speech sounds. It then discusses phones as the basic unit of phonetics, and the three types of phonetics: articulatory, acoustic, and auditory. It also covers the classification of sounds into consonants and vowels, the vocal tract, and factors used to classify consonants and vowels such as manner of articulation, place of articulation, voicing, height of the tongue, and diphthongs.
The description of speech
This document discusses features of pronunciation in English, including phonemes, vowels, consonants, suprasegmental features, and articulation. It covers the categories of phonemes, types of vowels and diphthongs, places and manners of articulation for consonants, and suprasegmental features like stress and intonation. Phonetics is defined as the study of speech sounds, including their physiological, acoustic, and perceptual properties. Phonology deals with interpreting and systematizing the pattern of sounds in a given language.
Phonetics
The presentation is about vowels, diphthongs, suprasegmentals, intonation and tone, speech production and some common articulatory processes.
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Phonetics
- 1. Intonation Intonation is used to refer to distinctive use of different patterns of pitch that carry meaningful information. Four type of intonation • Fall intonation • Rise intonation • Fall-rise intonation • Rise-fall intonation Rising intonation- increase over time falling intonation- decrease with time Functions of intonation • Attitudinal function- it express our feelings, attitudes, emotions. For example; happiness, boredom, anger • Accentual function- the placement of stress is determined by intonation. • Grammatical function- it is determined by intonation. The listener is better to recognize the grammar and syntax structure. For example : those who sold quickly, made a profit( a profit was made by those who sold quickly) . those who sold quickly , made a profit( a profit was quickly made by those who sold) • Discourse function- the listener is able to recognize which information is “new” and which already “taken”.
- 2. RP, Cockney, Estuary RP- Received Pronunciation it was popular 30-40 years ago, it is pronunciation of the British aristocracy. It is also called Queen’s English, Oxford an BBC English. Cockney is another accent, which is working class accent. The speakers themselves were not Cockney speakers. The new accent Estuary English was described by the British linguist David Rosewarn in 1984. The name Estuary refers to area where it was originated, river Thames, near London. Changes in RP • RP /t/ is replaced by glottal stop • RP /j/ tends to dissappear • RP syllable forming consonants are split by a vowel • Dark /l/ in RP is often replaced by /w/ • RP /tj/ and /dj/ are replaced by / / and / / • Initial /h/ tends to dissapear • There is general tendency to monophtongise the diphthongs • Word stress tends to shift to the end of the word • Short vowels become prolonged in the word final position • Intonation becomes prolonged and stressed.