This document discusses non-experimental research design. It defines non-experimental design as research where variables are observed as they naturally occur without manipulation. It lists several types of non-experimental designs including descriptive, correlational, developmental, epidemiological, and survey designs. Descriptive design aims to accurately describe characteristics of individuals, situations, or groups. Correlational design examines relationships between variables without manipulation. Developmental design studies phenomena over time. Epidemiological design investigates disease distribution and causes. Survey design collects self-reported data from a sample to describe populations. Advantages are that they study real-world situations, but disadvantages are relationships between variables cannot be definitely concluded as causal.

1. NON EXPERIMENTAL
RESEARCH DESIGN
DR. MAHESWARI JAIKUMAR.
maheswarijaikumar2103@gmail.com

2. INTRODUCTION
• Non experimental designs are
research designs in which the
researcher observes the
phenomena as they occur
naturally.

3. • No external variables are
introduces.
• It is a research design in which
the variables are not
manipulated.

4. • Here the researcher does not
control the setting either.
• Data that are obtained are
analyzed and may yield
hypothesis that could be tested
through experimental
researches'.

5. • Within quantitative framework,
the observations are represented
by numbers that can be
statistically analyzed.

6. • In case of non experimental
studies data are collected by
using questionnaires, interviews,
observations, literature reviews
and critical-incident technique.

7. NEED
• Generally when the researcher
cannot choose an experimental
research design due to various
reasons non experimental
research can be easily used.

8. • There are some studies that can
be done only using non
experimental research design.
• They are as follows.

9. • The studies in which the
independent variables cannot be
manipulated.
• Researches in which it is unethical
to manipulate the independent
variable. (i.e., manipulation may
result in physical or psychological
harm to the subjects)

10. • Studies where it is not practically
possible to conduct experiments.
• Descriptive-type studies that do
not require any experimental
approaches.

11. TYPES

12. DESIGNS
CATEGORY RESEARCH DESIGN
NON EXPERIMENTAL
RESEARCH DESIGN
1.DESCRIPTIVE DESIGN.
2.CORRELATIONAL DESIGN/EX
POST FACTO DESIGN
3DEVELOPMENTAL RESEARCH
DESIGN
4.EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DESIGNS
5.SURVEY RESEARCH DESIGN

13. DESCRIPTIVE DESIGN
TYPE FEATURE
1.UNIVARIENT
DESCRIPTIVE DESIGN
2.EXPLORATORY
DESCRIPTIVE DESIGN
3.COMPARITIVE
DESCRIPTIVE DESIGN
ACCURATE DESCRIPTION
OF CHARACTERISTICS OF
INDIVIDUAL, SITUATION,
OR GROUP &
THE FREQUENCY WITH
WHICH A CERTAIN
PHENOMENON OCCURS
IN A NATURAL SETTING
WITHOUT IMPOSING ANY
CONTROL OR
MANIPULATION.

14. DESCRIPTIVE
DESIGN
FEATURE
UNIVARIENT
DESCRIPTIVE
DESIGN
Studies under
taken to describe
the frequency of
occurrence of a
phenomenon
rather than to
study relationship

15. DESCRIPTIVE
DESIGN
FEATURE
EXPLORATORY
DESCRIPTIVE
DESIGN
Investigating the
phenomenon &
its related
factors about
which very little
is known

16. DESCRIPTIVE
DESIGN
FEATURE
COMPARITIVE
DESCRIPTIVE
DESIGN
CPMPARING
OCCURANCES
OF A
PHENOMENON
IN TWO OR
MORE GROUPS

17. CORRELATIONAL DESIGN
CORRELATIONAL
DESIGN
FEATURE
1.PROSPECTIVE
DESIGN
2.RETROSPECTIVE
DESIGN
EXAMINING THE
RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN TWO OR
MORE VARIABLES IN A
NATURAL SETTING
WITH OUT
MANIPULATION OR
CONTROL ( CAUSE &
EFFECT RELATIONSHIP)

18. DEVELOPMENTAL RESEARCH DESIGN
DEVELOPMENTAL
RESEARCH DESIGN
FEATURE
1. CROSS SECTIONAL
DESIGN
2.LONGITUDINAL DESIGN
EXAMINING THE
PHENOMENON IN
RESPECT TO THE TIME.
1.CROSS SECTIONAL :
Examining the
phenomenon only at one
point in time.
2.LONGITUDINAL:
Examining the
phenomenon at more
than one point in time.

19. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DESIGNS
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL
DESIGN
FEATURE
1.CASE CONTROL
STUDIES
2.COHORT STUDIES
THE
INVESTIGATION
OF DISTRIBUTION
& CAUSES OF
DISEASES IN A
POPULATION

20. SURVEY RESEARCH DESIGN
SURVEY RESEARCH
DESIGN
FEATURE
SURVEY STUDIES ARE
INVESTIGATION IN WHICH
SELF REPORTED DATA ARE
COLLECTED FROM
SAMPLE …… WITH THE
PURPOSE OF DESCRIBING
POPULATION ON SOME
VARIABLES OF INTEREST

21. ADVANTAGES
• Non experimental research
designs are close to the real life
situations.

22. • The non experimental studies
are rarely criticized for their
artificiality.
• Non experimental research
designs are most suitable for the
field of nursing as they help us to
understand the real world.

23. • Not all the human characteristics
are inherently be subjected to
experimental manipulation
(blood types, health beliefs,
medical diagnosis), therefore,
the roles of theses variables
cannot be studied
experimentally.

24. • In conditions where many
variables that could not be
technically be manipulated
(manipulation is forbidden on
ethical grounds) in such cases it
is advocated to carry out or
choose non experimental design.

25. • In situations where it is simply
not practical to conduct a true
experiment (constraints may
involve administrative approval,
shortages of funds, etc.,) in such
cases non experimental
researches are most suitable.

26. DISADVANTAGES
• The results of the non
experimental researches' and
the relationship between the
variables of the study can never
be absolutely clear and error
free.

27. • The mere existence of a
relationship between the
variables is not enough to
warrant the conclusion that one
variable caused the other.

28. • Since non experimental
researches'’ are conducted for
comparative purposes using non
randomly selected groups, (which
may not be homogenous and tend
to be dissimilar in different traits
or characteristics') may affect the
authenticity and generalizability
of the study results.

29. THANK ‘U’