This document discusses various local factors that can cause malocclusion and interceptive orthodontic treatments for them. It covers delayed eruption of upper incisors, retained primary teeth, infraocclusion, unilateral retained primary canines, double teeth, ectopic eruption of molars, hypodontia, diastema, ectopic eruption of upper canines, thumb sucking, tooth transposition, crowding, and early extraction of first molars. For each topic, it provides definitions and discusses the interceptive treatment options, timing of treatment, and advantages or disadvantages.
Buccolingual malrelationship of upper and lower
teeth.Anterior or posterior (unilateral or bilateral) with or
without mandibular displacement.
Buccal crossbite: Lower teeth occlude buccal to
corresponding upper teeth .
Lingual crossbite (scissors bite): Lower teeth occlude
lingual to palatal cusps of upper teeth.
Buccolingual malrelationship of upper and lower
teeth.Anterior or posterior (unilateral or bilateral) with or
without mandibular displacement.
Buccal crossbite: Lower teeth occlude buccal to
corresponding upper teeth .
Lingual crossbite (scissors bite): Lower teeth occlude
lingual to palatal cusps of upper teeth.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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Introduction, definition-tongue thrusting, types,etiology, clinical features, types of swallow, habits contributing to tongue thrusting, buccinator mechanism, case history, diagnosis- informal,formal observation, examination, treatment-muscle exercises, various appliances, mechanism of action of appliances, prevalence, articles, reference.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Introduction, definition-tongue thrusting, types,etiology, clinical features, types of swallow, habits contributing to tongue thrusting, buccinator mechanism, case history, diagnosis- informal,formal observation, examination, treatment-muscle exercises, various appliances, mechanism of action of appliances, prevalence, articles, reference.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Development of contemporary fixed appliance /certified fixed orthodontic cour...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
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Aims, scope & global history of orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic cou...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
Lingual orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental a...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Removable orthodontic appliances /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indi...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Functional appliances evolution and mode of action /certified fixed orthodon...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Class iii malocclusion /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Arch expansion in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Differences between primary and permanent teeth and importanceKarishma Sirimulla
This is a small brief presentation and contains basic differences between primary and permanent dentition an also an added note on importance of young permanent molar and its management clinically
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
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These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
2. INTERCEPTIVE
ORTHODONTICS
• Definitions:
Any procedure that eliminates or reduces the
severity of malocclusion in the developing
dentition.(Popovich and Thompson 1979, Hiles
1985.)
All simple measures that eliminate the developing
mal occlusion. (Ackerman and Proffit 1980)
4. INTERCEPTIVE
ORTHODONTICS
Local factors: DELAYED ERUPTION OF UPPER
PERMANENT CENTRAL INCISOR.
• Definition: 1 is considered to be delayed if the
contra-lateral tooth was fully erupted or if teeth
later in the usual eruption sequence were present.
• Interceptive treatment: removal of supernumerary
with or without tooth exposure.
• Treatment timing: as soon as the supernumerary
tooth is detected.
12. INTERCEPTIVE
ORTHODONTICS
Local factors: INFRAOCCLUSION
• Definition: the tooth loses its vertical position
relative to the adjacent teeth and assumes a
position below the occlusal plane
• Frequent site: lower 2nd
and 1st
primary molars.
• Interceptive treatment: nothing unless the
permanent successor was absent or the
infraoccluded tooth is likely to disappear .
13.
14.
15. INTERCEPTIVE
ORTHODONTICS
Local factors: UNILATERAL RETAINED
DECIDUOUS CANINE.
• Definition: premature loss of one deciduous
canine as a result of early root resorption by
a crowded lateral incisor.
• Interceptive treatment: extraction of the
primary canine on the opposite side of the
arch to preserve the midline.
16. INTERCEPTIVE
ORTHODONTICS
Local factors: DOUBLE TEETH
• Definitions:
Gemination: the attempt of a single tooth
bud to form two distinct morphological
entities.
Fusion: the result of joining two adjacent
tooth buds.
17.
18. INTERCEPTIVE
ORTHODONTICS
Local factors: DOUBLE TEETH
• In the deciduous dentition double teeth are usually
associated with absent permanent successor, or
ectopic or delayed eruption of the permanent
successor if it was present. Treatment therefore
involve the extraction of the malformed tooth.
• In the permanent dentition treatment options are:
Mask, Split and Extract
19. INTERCEPTIVE
ORTHODONTICS
Local factors: ECTOPIC ERUPTION OF
THE PERMANENT FIRST MOLAR.
• Definition: the molar erupts at an angle
mesial to its normal path of eruption.
• Types : reversible and irreversible
• Treatment: extraction of E or distalisation
of permanent molar
28. INTERCEPTIVE
ORTHODONTICS
Local factors: ECTOPIC UPPER CANINE
• Definition: the canine erupts out of its
normal eruption path.
• Diagnosis: If the 3 was not palpable in the
buccal sulcus after the age of 10 years.
• Treatment: Extraction of the deciduous
canine.
29.
30.
31.
32. INTERCEPTIVE
ORTHODONTICS
Local factors:ECTOPIC UPPPER CANINE
Rate of eruption of the permanent canine after
the extraction of the deciduous canine
depends on the amount by which the
permanent canine overlap the lateral
incisor:
overlap < 12 of lateral root: success rate
91%
overlap > 12 of lateral root: success rate
64%
33. INTERCEPTIVE
ORTHODONTICS
Local factors: THUMB SUCKING
• Effect: no malocclusion 14.6%
anterior open bite 48.1%
posterior cross bite 07.2%
ant OB +post X-bite 30.1%
(Da Silva et al. 1991)
34.
35.
36.
37. INTERCEPTIVE
ORTHODONTICS
Local factors: THUMB SUCKING
• At what age should treatment be started?
-Da Silva et al (1991) “from the 5th
year of age”
-Proffit (1993) “before the eruption of
permanent incisors”
-Houston (1993) “ by 7-8 years of age “
-Mills (1982) “before permanent dentition”
-Larsson (1987) “before pubertal growth spurt”
39. INTERCEPTIVE
ORTHODONTICS
Local factors: TRANSPOSITION
• Definition: unusual type of ectopic eruption were
two permanent teeth have interchanged their
location in the dental arch.
• Frequent sites: upper canine and first premolar
lower canine and lateral incisor.
• Interceptive treatment: extract transposed tooth.
align before canine eruption
• Treatment timing: before eruption of canine.
43. INTERCEPTIVE
ORTHODONTICS
Crowding: SPACE MANAGEMENT.
• Definition: utilization of Lee Way space to
relieve anterior crowding.
• Indications:1- Cl I molar relation ship.
2- E,s are still present in the.
crowded side(s).
3- Mild crowding.
46. INTERCEPTIVE
ORTHODONTICS
Crowding:SERIAL EXTRACTION
• Indications:
- The incisors are substantially crowded.
- Age 8-9 years.
- Normal arch relation ship.
- Reduced or normal overbite.
- All permanent teeth are present.
- The first molars should have a good prognosis.
- The first premolars should be closer to eruption
than canines.
48. INTERCEPTIVE
ORTHODONTICS
Crowding:SERIAL EXTRACTION
• Methods:
1-When the lateral are erupting in a crowded
position, all deciduous canines are removed.
2-When the roots of the first deciduous
molars are half resorbed. They are removed.
3-As soon as the first premolars erupt they are
removed.
55. FIRST MOLAR EXTRACTION
• Indications:
-At least one permanent first molar have poor
prognosis.
-Crowding in the relevant quadrant.
-The development of second molar roots did not
reach more than half way.
-No other missing teeth in the same quadrant.
-Normal arch relation ship.
-The overbite is not deep.
-The second premolar is contained within the E roots
56.
57. FIRST MOLAR EXTRACTION
• Advantages:
– No need for future prosthesis
– Reduce incisor crowding
– Eliminate buccal segment crowding
– Less chance for third molar impaction.
58. FIRST MOLAR EXTRACTION
• Disadvantages:
– The uncertainty of the final contact point
between the second molar and second premolar.
59. FIRST MOLAR EXTRACTION
0
20
40
60
80
100
Thunold Thilander
good
poor
• Contact point:
• Good result could be
expected in patients:
– Having buccal segment
crowding.
– having third molars.
– First molars were
extracted early.
60.
61.
62. FIRST MOLAR EXTRACTION
• Compensatory extraction:
– Extraction of upper first molar does not
necessitate the compensatory extraction
of lower first molar
– Extraction of lower first molar
necessitates the compensatory extraction
of upper first molar