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Occlusion is defined as the contact relationship of the teeth in function or parafunction.
Malocclusion is defined as the misalignment of teeth and jaws, or more simply, a "bad bite". Malocclusion can cause a number of health and dental problems.
Tongue thrusting habit & other habits ,its management 2 /certified fixed ort...Indian dental academy
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Occlusion is defined as the contact relationship of the teeth in function or parafunction.
Malocclusion is defined as the misalignment of teeth and jaws, or more simply, a "bad bite". Malocclusion can cause a number of health and dental problems.
Tongue thrusting habit & other habits ,its management 2 /certified fixed ort...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in
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Introduction, definition-tongue thrusting, types,etiology, clinical features, types of swallow, habits contributing to tongue thrusting, buccinator mechanism, case history, diagnosis- informal,formal observation, examination, treatment-muscle exercises, various appliances, mechanism of action of appliances, prevalence, articles, reference.
Introduction, definition-tongue thrusting, types,etiology, clinical features, types of swallow, habits contributing to tongue thrusting, buccinator mechanism, case history, diagnosis- informal,formal observation, examination, treatment-muscle exercises, various appliances, mechanism of action of appliances, prevalence, articles, reference.
DEVELOPMENT OF OCCLUSION IN PEDIATRIC DENTISTRYChsaiteja3
HELLO VISITERS, IAM SAITEJA , BDS 3RD YEAR STUDENT FROM MNR DENTAL COLLEGE , SANGAREDDY. I AND MY BATCH HAS DEVELOPED A PPT ON DEVELOPMENT OF OCCLUSION IN PEDIATRIC DENTISTRY. PLEASE GO THROUGH THE PPT. EVERY TOPIC IS CLEARLY EXPLAINED IN THIS PPT ALONG WITH DIAGRAMS.
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Development of Occlusion is necessary for knowing the eruption sequence of teeth. By knowing the eruption sequence of teeth we can make our treatment plan. Development of occlusion gives us the knowledge of various malocclusion and we can correct them and give proper treatment plan to the patient.
The active supervision of the developing dentition is a responsibility of the pedodontist. Seeing things from the beginning is most advantageous. By making a detailed study of dentition from initiation through eruption till functional occlusion, we may be able to obtain a clear concept of how occlusion develops and how its development can be guided. Knowledge of the normal development of the dentition and an ability to detect deviation from the normal are essential pre-requisites for pedodontic diagnosis and a treatment plan.
Similar to Development of dentition and occlusion (20)
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
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Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
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Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
1. Ibn Sina University
Faculty of Dentistry
Department of Orthodontics
Development of
Dentition and
Occlusion
Mohanad Elsherif
BDS (U of K), MFD RCSI, MFDS RCPS(Glasg), MSc (Orthodontics), M.Orth. RCSEd
2. Introduction
The human dentition is in a dynamic
state constantly changing throughout life.
A knowledge of these changes assists
the clinician in determining whether or not
a specific occlusion will be sustained ,
worsen ,or self-correct over time.
3. Periods of occlusal
development
The predentition stage.
The deciduous dentition stage.
The mixed dentition stage.
The permanent dentition stage.
4. The pre-dentition stage
From birth to 6 month of age.
Usually there is no teeth instead there is
an upper and lower gum pads.
The gum pads are covered with a dense
fibrous periostium and divided into
segmental elevations representing the
teeth forming below.
5. Transverse groove:
Divides the gum pad into ten
segments representing each
deciduous tooth.
Gingival groove:
Separates the gumpad from the
palate and the floor of the mouth.
The pre-dentition
stage
6. Lateral sulci:
Present between the canine and
the 1st molar.
Dental groove:
Extend from the incisive papilla
backward to touch the gingival
groove in the canine region and
continues forward in the molar
region.
The pre-dentition
stage
7. The maxillary gum pad is
horse shoe shaped and the
palatal vault is almost flat.
It is wider and longer
than the underlying
mandibular U shaped gum
pad.
The pre-dentition stage
8. The pre-dentition stage
When the upper and the
lower gum pad are closed there
is a complete overjet all
around.
In addition the lips are
incompetent.
This infantile open bite is
considered to be normal. It
helps in sucking.
9. Gingival Cyst of infancy
Occasionally on the alveolar
mucosa small whitish nodules
may appear, these are gingival
cysts of infancy, often called
Epstein’s pearls or Bohn’s nodules.
Parents should be reassured
that they will spontaneously burst
and resolve within the first three
months of life.
10. Natal and Neonatal teeth
Very rarely teeth are present at birth
called as natal teeth.
If they erupt during the 1st 30 days
then they are called as neonatal teeth.
Mostly located in the mandibular
incisor region and they are usually
either mandibular incisors or
supernumerary teeth.
if they are mandibular incisors
extract only if they interfere with
breast feeding or if they are mobile and
there is a rick of there swallowing by
the infant
11. The deciduous dentition
stage
From 6 month to 6 year of age.
The first tooth to erupt is the mandibular
central primary incisor.
The normal sequence of eruption is
A,B,D,C,E.
All the deciduous teeth should be erupted
at 3 years and the root is completed 1-2 years
after eruption.
12. Features of normal deciduous
dentition
1. Spacing:
Spacing usually exists
between the deciduous
teeth, these spaces are
called as developmental
or physiological spaces.
Primate space is seen
mesial to the maxillary
canine and distal to the
mandibular canine.
13. Features of normal deciduous
dentition
2. Deep bite:
The deep bite occur because
the deciduous incisors are more
upright than their permanent
counterparts.
The deep bite reduces to an
almost edge to edge bite by 5-6
years of age due to:
Eruption of deciduous molars.
Attrition of incisors.
Forward movement of
mandible due to growth.
14. Features of normal deciduous
dentition
3. Flush terminal plane
relationship:
The distal edges of the
upper and lower second
deciduous molars are in the
same vertical plane.
This is called flush
terminal plane relationship.
15. Abnormal features
Eruption cyst.
Abnormal eruption sequence.
No spacing or crowding.
Open bite.
Mesial step or distal step relationships.
Crossbite.
Premature loss of deciduous tooth.
Infraoccluded primary molar.
16. Mixed dentition stage
From 6 years to 12 years of age.
It is further subdivided into:
First transitional stage.
Iner-transtional stage.
Second transitional stage.
17. First transitional stage
Characterized by eruption of permanent
incisors and permeant first molar.
The mandibular 1st molar usually is the first
permanent tooth to erupt.
Mandibular teeth usually erupts a head of
maxillary teeth.
Early mesial shift occur at this stage.
18. First transitional stage
1. Eruption of incisors:
The collective mesiodistal
dimensions of the permanent
incisor tooth crowns are larger
than their deciduous
predecessors.
This deficit is known as incisor
liability and it is approximately
about 5-mm in the mandible
and 7-mm in the maxilla.
A A BB
2 21 1
1 12 2
A AB B
19. First transitional stage
This can be corrected by:
Spacing present between the
deciduous incisors.
Labial eruption permanent incisors
more than their deciduous
predecessors and therefore occupying
a greater arch perimeter.
Transverse increase in the
intercanine arch width.
Deciduous canines move distally
into primate space and Part of Lee
way space.
20. First transitional stage
2. Eruption of 1st permanent molar:
The initial occlusal relationship of the 1st
molars is directly influenced by the deciduous
second molar position.
If these teeth are flush in the terminal plane
then the 1st permanent molars assume a cusp-
to-cusp relationship when they erupt.
In order to establish a class I molar
relationship, some mesial movement of the
mandibular 1st permanent molar will be
required.
21. Early mesial shift
1. Flush terminal plane:
Class I can be obtained By utilization of the primate space. This is
called early mesial shift.
24. Normal features of the 1st transitional
stage
Transient lower permanent incisors
crowding.
Transient anterior open bite before the
eruption of maxillary permanent incisors.
Cusp to cusp permanent first molars
relationship when they first erupt and before
early mesial shift take place.
25. Characterize by the presence
of all permanent incisors, the
1st permanent molars and the
deciduous molars and canines.
This phase is relatively stable
and no change occurs.
The ugly duckling stage
(developmental stage) occur at
this stage.
Inter-transitional stage
28. Second transitional stage
Characterized by eruption of the premolar and canine
teeth.
Normally takes place between the ages of 9 and 12 years
In the mandible, the canine erupts ahead of the first
premolar and this is followed by the second premolar.
In the maxilla, the first premolar usually erupts first,
followed by the second premolar and then canine.
Late mesial shift occur at this stage.
29. Late mesial shift
Unlike the anterior teeth the permanent
premolars are smaller than the primary teeth
they replace. This extra space known as the
leeway space.
The leeway space is larger in the mandible 3.
4 mm (i.e. 1.7 mm on each half) than in the
maxilla 1.8 mm ( i.e. 0.9 mm on each half).
This difference allow the first molars to move
a greater distance in the lower arch compared
to the upper arch leading to a class I molar
relationship, this is know as late mesial shift.
CDE
345
E D C
345
31. Permanent dentition stage
Start after the exfoliation of the last deciduous
tooth (usually the upper second deciduous molar)
The sequence of eruption is as follow:
In maxillary arch:
6-1-2-4-3-5-7 or 6-1-2-4-5-3-7.
In mandibular arch:
6-1-2-3-4-5-7 or 6-1-2-4-3-5-7.
32. Normal Permanent dentition
Presence of all permanent teeth.
Class I molar, canine and incisor relationships.
Well-aligned teeth with correct crown angulation and inclination.
Normal and positive overbite and overjet.
Absence of rotation.
Tight interproximal contacts.
Flat curve of spee.
Correct tooth-size ratio.
33. Declaration
The author wish to declare that; these presentations are his original work, all
materials and pictures collection, typing and slide design has been done by the
author.
Most of these materials has been done for undergraduate students, although
postgraduate students may find some useful basic and advanced information.
The universities title at the front page indicate where the lecture was first
presented. The author was working as a lecturer of orthodontics at Ibn Sina
University, Sudan International University, and as a Master student in Orthodontics at
University of Khartoum.
The author declare that all materials and photos in these presentations has been
collected from different textbooks, papers and online websites. These pictures are
presented here for education and demonstration purposes only. The author are not
attempting to plagiarize or reproduced unauthorized material, and the intellectual
properties of these photos belong to their original authors.
34. Declaration
As the authors reviews several textbooks, papers and other references during
preparation of these materials, it was impossible to cite every textbook and journal
article, the main textbooks that has been reviewed during preparation of these
presentations were:
Contemporary Orthodontics 5th edition; Proffit, William R, Henry W. Fields, and
David M. Sarver.
Handbook of Orthodontics. 1st edition; Cobourne, Martyn T, and Andrew T. DiBiase.
Essentials of orthodontics: Diagnosis and Treatment; Robert N. Staley, Neil T. Reske
Orthodontics: Current Principles & Techniques 5th edition; Graber, Lee W, Robert L.
Vanarsdall, and Katherine W. L. Vig
Orthodontics: The Art and Science. 3rd Edition. Bhalajhi, S.I.
35. Declaration
For the purposes of dissemination and sharing of knowledge, these
lectures were given to several colleagues and students. It were also
uploaded to SlideShare website by the author. Colleagues and students
may download, use, and modify these materials as they see fit for non-
profit purposes. The author retain the copyright of the original work.
The author wish to thank his family, teachers, colleagues and students
for their love and support throughout his career. I also wish to express
my sincere gratitude to all orthodontic pillars for their tremendous
contribution to our specialty.
Finally, the author welcome any advices and enquires through his
email address: Mohanad-07@hotmail.com