The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
indications and contraindications of rapid maxillary arch expansion,appliances used and effects of rapid maxillary arch expansion/ comparison between rapid and slow expansion
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Surgical orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental a...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
indications and contraindications of rapid maxillary arch expansion,appliances used and effects of rapid maxillary arch expansion/ comparison between rapid and slow expansion
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Surgical orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental a...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
for online course please visit www.idalectures.com
for online interactive live courses/classes please visit
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Pre & post surgical orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indi...Indian dental academy
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HI THIS IS A NICE SEMINAR DESCRIBING ABOUT THE ORTHOGNATHIC SURGERY MAINLY RELATED TO ORTHODONTICS VIEWPOINT AND CEPH TRACING ITS INDICATION AND DIFFERENT TYPES OF SURGERIES. JUST HAVE A LOOK TO IT
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Management of facial asymmetries /certified fixed orthodontic courses by I...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
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The term serial extraction describes an orthodontic treatment procedure that involves the orderly removal of selected deciduous and permanent teeth in a predetermined sequence
Current controversies in orthodontics sujan /certified fixed orthodontic cou...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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It include proximal stripping, Diagnostic aids, advantages, disadvantages, periodontal consideration, procedure for proximal stripping. Expansion, extraction, Distalization in detail as method of gaining space, Extra-oral, Intra-oral method for gaining space. uprighting, derotation of posterior teeth. proclination of anterior teeth.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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immediate denture According to Glossary of Prosthodontics terms It is a partial or complete denture, that’s fabricated to replace natural teeth immediately after extraction
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
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Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
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These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
How to Give Better Lectures: Some Tips for Doctors
Surgical orthodontics-minor surgical procedures
1. Minor Surgical
Procedures in
Orthodontics
PRESENTED BY-
V.V.Priyanka
B.D.S final year,
RKDF Dental College & Research
Centre,Bhopal
A SEMINAR FOR DEPT. OF
ORTHODONTICS
2. Surgical Orthodontics:
Introduction
• DEFINITION: Surgical orthodontics refers to the
various surgical procedures carried out as a part of
overall orthodontic treatment plan.
• Used as an adjunct or in conjugation with orthodontic
treatment
• Can be carried out before, during or after completion of
orthodontic treatment
• Surgical procedures are usually carried out:
1. To eliminate the existing etiologic factor
2. As a part of treatment plan
3. Facilitate correction of malocclusion by orthodontic
techniques
4. Stabilize orthodontic treatment results & prevent
relapse
5. To correct severe skeletal discrepancies
3. Surgical Procedures
MINOR PROCEDURES MAJOR PROCEDURES
• Extractions • Orthognathic
• Surgical exposure surgeries- surgical
(uncovering) of correction of jaws
unerupted teeth • Facial esthetic
• Frenectomy surgeries like
rhinoplasty, blephar
• Supracrestal oplasty
fibrotomy/
Pericision • Facial
reconstruction like
• Corticotomy cleft palate & lip
repair surgery
4. Minor Surgical Procedures
The main aim is to remove the
etiological factors & facilitate
correction of malocclusion by
orthodontic appliances, help
stabilize post-orthodontic results &
to prevent relapse
5. Extractions
The various extraction procedures
carried out as a part of
orthodontic treatment are:
a. Therapeutic extraction
b. Serial extraction
c. Extraction of carious teeth
d. Extraction of malformed/ankylosed
teeth
e. Extraction of supernumery teeth
f. Extraction of impacted teeth
6. THERAPEUTIC EXTRACTION
Extractions When to extract
undertaken as a part of (and when not to)
comprehensive Permanent teeth
orthodontic treatment Central Incisors = Don’t!
mainly to gain space are Lateral Incisors
• When to extract (and= Rarely to)
when not
called Therapeutic Canines
• Permanent teeth = Rarely
extractions. 1st premolars Don’t!
• Central Incisors == 4+mm space
oPremolars most required
• Lateral Incisors = Rarely
commonly extracted 2nd premolars = 2-4mm space
• Canines = Rarely
oExtraction should be required
• 1st premolars = 4+mm space required
atraumatic as any break in 1nd molars = Compromised = only
st
• 2 premolars = 2-4mm space required
continuity of alveolar plate 4-5mm space
• 1st molars = Compromised = only 4-5mm
may hinder the smooth 2nd molars = To aid distal
progression of intended space
nd
movement
orthodontic tooth • 2 molars = To aid distal movement
movement.
7. serial
extraction
•Serial extraction is a form of
interceptive orthodontic treatment
which aims to relieve crowding at
an early stage so that the permanent
teeth can erupt into good
alignment, thus reducing or
avoiding the need for later
appliance therapy
Different procedures has been
described by different authors such
as;
Tweed’s method 1966; 8years [DC4].
Dewel’s ,, 1978; 81/2yrs[CD4]
Nance’s ,, 1940; D4C
8. Extraction of Supernumery,Impacted & Ankylosed
Teeth
•The presence of supernumery,impacted &
ankylosed teeth impede the normal
development of occlusion & are important local
causes of malocclusion.
•Common supernumery teeth-
mesiodens, lower -pm
area>incisor>molar, upper-canine area
Extraction of impacted canine-
i. prior to extraction, a thorough radiographic
examination must be done.
ii. Depending on position approach by a well-
designed buccal or palatal flap.
iii. Elevate flap. After reflecting flap, remove
bone around tooth.
iv. Remove tooth atraumatically & irrigate
extraction socket.
v. Reposition flap & suture.remove suture Post surgical removal of
after a week impacted maxillary right canine
9. Surgical Exposure of Impacted Teeth
• Canines- freq impacted
teeth that req surgical
exposure.
• Favourably located
impacted canines can be
guided to their normal
positions in the dental
arch by a combined
surgical-orthodontic
treatment referred to as
surgical eruption
10. Surgical Techniques for
exposing Impacted Canines:
1. Window approach
(gingivectomy)
2. Apically repositioned flap
(ARF)
3. Flap closed eruption
technique (FCET)
4. Tunnel traction (TT)
Steps in the management of
an Impacted Tooth:
a. Determination of the
position
b. Evaluation of favourability
c. Surgical exposure & bone
removal
d. Fixing orthodontic
attachments or direct
ligation
11. Frenectomy
• Frenum Problems-Midline diastema between two
maxillary central incisors (low frenum
attachment/thick labial frenum)
• The frenum that is inserted palatally into the
incisive papilla & balances on eversion of lip is the
main etiological factor of diastema. Such frenum
has to be exised.
• A frenectomy in this case should be followed with
orthodontic treatment.
• The RULE!!!- The presence of a maxillary diastema
does not prompt early frenectomy-WAIT UNTIL
THE CANINES AND LATERALS ERUPT
12.
13.
14.
15.
16. Corticotomy
• Corticotomy is an adjunct surgery for
malocclusion with wide generalised
spacings.
• The buccal palatal flaps are raised.
• The vertical cuts are placed in the
cortical bone parallel to the roots. These
vertical cuts on both palatal & buccal
side are joined by horizontal bone cuts
that extend the depth of cortical bone.
• The sutures are placed & orthodontic
appliance is placed after 2-3weeks.
• Now the tooth move within the
cancellous bone and the treatment time
is appreciably reduced.
17. PERICISION or CIRCUMFERENTIAL SUPRACRESTAL FIBROTOMY
(CSF)
•It is an adjunctive
procedure to prevent
relapse following
orthodontic treatment
particularly rotational
correction.
•The supracrestal fibres are
responsible for the relapse
tendencies.
•Pericision involves surgical
transection of these
supracrestal fibres.