There are two types of ecological relationships: symbiotic and oppositional. Symbiotic relationships include mutualism, commensalism, amensalism, and parasitism, where species interact with varying levels of benefit and harm. Oppositional relationships involve predation, where one organism eats another for nutrients, and competition, where organisms compete for the same resources like lions and hyenas competing for prey. Ecological communities consist of interacting species that have relationships that can benefit, harm, or oppose each other in various ways within a shared environment.

1. ECOLOGICAL
RELATIONSHIPS

2. Ecological communities consist of
interacting or potentially
interacting species in the same
environment.
This is what we call ecological
relationship.

3. TWO TYPES OF ECOLOGICAL
RELATIONSHIP
•SYMBIOTIC
RELATIONSHIP
•OPPOSITIONAL
RELATIONSHIP

4. SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIP

5.  Mutualism is when two different species
have an ecological relationship that they both
benefit from.
For example, zebras and wild birds in the
grasslands of Africa.

6.  Commensalism describes a relationship in
which one species benefits but the other is
unaffected. This usually happen between groups
of fish and sea anemones.
For example, clownfish take refuge in sea
anemones.

7. Amensalism is an interaction where an
organism inflicts harm to another organism
without any costs or benefits received by itself.
For example, the black walnut tree that
secretes chemical to it’s neighboring plants.

8. Parasitism is when one organism in the
relationship benefits from the relationship, and
when the other organism does not.
For example, a tick on a white tailed deer.

9. OPPOSITIONAL RELATIONSHIP

10. Predation is when one organism eats another
organism to obtain nutrients. The organism that
is eaten is called the prey.
For example, lion that eats gazelles.

11. Competition is when individuals or
populations compete for the same resource, and
can occur within or between species.
For example, lions and hyenas that compete for
prey.

12. THANK YOU!
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