The document discusses different types of microscopes and their parts and uses. It describes the history of the microscope from its invention in the 1590s. It explains that a compound microscope uses multiple lenses to magnify specimens, while a stereo microscope is used for dissection. The key parts of a microscope are identified like the objective lenses, stage, light source, and ocular lens. It provides instructions on how to properly use a microscope, focusing first on low magnification and using the fine adjustment knob to sharpen the image.

1. The Microscope

2. Microscopes
Objectives:
•To name the parts of the microscope
and describe their functions
•To describe how to properly use a
compound microscope.
•To compare a compound to a light
microscope

3. MICROSCOPE
• A special equipment
used to make small
objects appear bigger,
like cell, bacteria and
etc.

4. The History
• Hans and Zacharias Jansen of
Holland in the 1590’s created the
“first” compound microscope
• Antoine van Leeuwenhoek and
Robert Hooke made improvements
by working on the lenses
Anthony van Leeuwenhoek
1632-1723
Robert Hooke
1635-1703
Hooke Microscope

5. The History
Zacharias Jansen
1588-1631
The “First” Microscope

6. TYPES OF MICROSCOPE
1. Compound
Light Microscope
This is a kind of
microscope we
commonly use in
classroom work.
This uses light to
magnify the
specimen.

7. TYPES OF MICROSCOPE
2. Stereo microscope
- also known as
dissecting microscope.
-used for dissecting
small specimen.
- it has a lower
magnification than the
light compound
microscope.

8. OTHERS
TRANSMISSION
ELECTRON
MICROSCOPE
- Operates on the same
basic principle as the light
microscope but uses
ELECTRONS instead of light
as its “LIGHT SOURCE”.
- It can magnify about
100,000 times.

9. SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE
- uses focused beam of high-energy electrons to generate
a variety of signals at the surface of solid specimen.
- its magnification range from about 10x to more than
500,000x.

10. •Magnifying power or Magnification
the ability of the microscope to make tiny
objects and living organisms look bigger.
IMPORTANT TERMS!

12. • Resolving power or Resolution
– The ability of the microscope to distinguish small
gaps between two separate points which humans
can’t distinguish.
IMPORTANT TERMS!

13. •Fields of view
– The bright circle of light.
IMPORTANT TERMS!

14. •Specimen – a part or sample of any
material for study or examination under
the microscope.
IMPORTANT TERMS!

15. •Glass slide and cover slip – used in
mounting specimen.
IMPORTANT TERMS!

17. The Parts of a Microscope

18. Body Tube
Nose Piece
Objective
Lenses
Stage
Clips
Diaphragm
Light Source
Ocular Lens
Arm
Stage
Coarse Adj.
Fine Adjustment
Base
Skip to Magnification Section

19. Body Tube
• The body tube holds the objective
lenses and the ocular lens at the proper
distance
Diagram

20. Nose Piece
• The Nose Piece holds the objective
lenses and can be turned to increase
the magnification
Diagram

21. Objective Lenses
• The Objective Lenses increase
magnification (usually from 10x to 40x)
Diagram

22. Stage Clips
• These 2 clips hold the slide/specimen in
place on the stage.
Diagram

23. Diaphragm
• The Diaphragm controls the amount of
light on the slide/specimen
Turn to let more light in or to
make dimmer.
Diagram

24. Light Source/Mirror
• Projects light upwards through the
diaphragm, the specimen and the
lenses
• Some have lights, others have mirrors
where you must move the mirror to
reflect light
Diagram

25. Ocular Lens/Eyepiece
• Magnifies the specimen image
Diagram

26. Arm
• Used to support the microscope when
carried. Holds the body tube, nose
piece and objective lenses
Diagram

27. Stage
• Supports the slide/specimen
Diagram

28. Coarse Adjustment Knob
• Moves the stage up and down (quickly)
for focusing your image
Diagram

29. Fine Adjustment Knob
• This knob moves the stage SLIGHTLY
to sharpen the image.
Diagram

30. Base
• Supports the microscope
Diagram

31. Magnification

32. Magnification
• To determine your magnification…you
just multiply the ocular lens by the
objective lens
• Ocular 10x Objective 40x:10 x 40 = 400
Objective Lens have
their magnification
written on them.
Ocular lenses usually magnifies by 10x
So the object is 400 times “larger”

33. Caring for a Microscope
• Clean only with a soft cloth/tissue
• Make sure it’s on a flat surface
• Don’t bang it
• Carry it with 2 HANDS…one on the arm
and the other on the base

34. Carry a Microscope Correctly

35. Using a Microscope
• Start on the lowest magnification
• Don’t use the coarse adjustment knob
on high magnification…you’ll break the
slide!!!
• Place slide on stage and lock clips
• Adjust light source (if it’s a mirror…don’t
stand in front of it!)
• Use fine adjustment to focus