Infectious and non infectious diseases
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Malaria is an infectious disease caused by a parasite transmitted through mosquito bites. Symptoms include fever, headache, vomiting and muscle pain. If not treated, malaria can become life-threatening by disrupting red blood cells. Effective treatment involves prompt use of artemisinin-based therapies. Prevention focuses on insecticide-treated nets, indoor spraying and repellents. Malaria occurs in over 100 countries in tropical and subtropical regions, especially affecting pregnant women, infants and those with HIV/AIDS. Osteoporosis is a non-infectious disease where bones become weaker and more prone to fractures as people age. It is caused by loss of bone density and commonly affects women and men over
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Communicable & non communicable diseases
This document provides an introduction to a course on communicable and non-communicable diseases. The course aims to provide students with knowledge, skills, and attitudes to identify, prevent, and control various diseases. The course objectives are to describe key concepts of communicable diseases, signs and symptoms of communicable and non-communicable diseases, legislation related to diseases, neglected tropical diseases in Zambia, and factors influencing disease transmission and prevention. The course content will cover terminology, communicable disease agents and factors, and introduce communicable diseases.
Microorganism ppt
if u like this ppt plz like or comment on this or if u wnt any help plz contact me on gmail ishangoyal186@gmail.com
Microbes
Microbes for kids. I made this presentation as part of my son's third grade home school biology class.
HIV and AIDS
The document discusses HIV and AIDS. It explains that HIV originated from chimpanzees in West Africa and was transmitted to humans through contact with their blood. HIV attacks and destroys CD4 cells, weakening the immune system and leading to AIDS. AIDS is diagnosed when someone with HIV gets an opportunistic infection due to a severely weakened immune system with a CD4 count below 200. Common symptoms of HIV include fatigue, fever, and swollen lymph nodes.
Communicable and Noncommunicable Disease
The document discusses various diseases and health conditions. It defines communicable diseases as those that can be spread between living things or through the environment, outlining transmission methods like direct/indirect contact and airborne spread. Non-communicable diseases are not transmitted between individuals but rather related to individual behaviors and risk factors like diet, exercise and substance abuse. The document also examines specific conditions like cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes, providing details on causes, symptoms and prevention strategies.
Communicable disease
This document discusses communicable diseases. It begins by defining communicable diseases and how they differ from non-communicable diseases in being transmissible between individuals. It then covers topics like the global burden of communicable diseases, their causes and modes of transmission, categories like endemic/epidemic, and strategies for prevention and control. Specific communicable diseases discussed include influenza, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, and diarrheal diseases.
Ppt Air Resistance
The document discusses air resistance and its effects on falling objects. It explains that air resistance acts in opposition to the force of gravity and depends on an object's speed, size, and shape. Specifically, it notes that crumpled paper falls faster than flat paper because it has less air resistance due to a smaller surface area. Finally, it introduces the concept of terminal velocity, which is the maximum speed an object can reach when air resistance equals the force of gravity.
Hiv
HIV attacks T-cells in the immune system and over time can cause AIDS if not treated. It is transmitted through bodily fluids and can be prevented by safe sex practices and clean needles. While there is no cure, treatment can suppress the virus and prevent opportunistic infections. Globally millions live with HIV and increased testing and treatment can help reduce new infections.
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Communicable & non communicable diseases
This document provides an introduction to a course on communicable and non-communicable diseases. The course aims to provide students with knowledge, skills, and attitudes to identify, prevent, and control various diseases. The course objectives are to describe key concepts of communicable diseases, signs and symptoms of communicable and non-communicable diseases, legislation related to diseases, neglected tropical diseases in Zambia, and factors influencing disease transmission and prevention. The course content will cover terminology, communicable disease agents and factors, and introduce communicable diseases.
Microorganism ppt
if u like this ppt plz like or comment on this or if u wnt any help plz contact me on gmail ishangoyal186@gmail.com
Microbes
Microbes for kids. I made this presentation as part of my son's third grade home school biology class.
HIV and AIDS
The document discusses HIV and AIDS. It explains that HIV originated from chimpanzees in West Africa and was transmitted to humans through contact with their blood. HIV attacks and destroys CD4 cells, weakening the immune system and leading to AIDS. AIDS is diagnosed when someone with HIV gets an opportunistic infection due to a severely weakened immune system with a CD4 count below 200. Common symptoms of HIV include fatigue, fever, and swollen lymph nodes.
Communicable and Noncommunicable Disease
The document discusses various diseases and health conditions. It defines communicable diseases as those that can be spread between living things or through the environment, outlining transmission methods like direct/indirect contact and airborne spread. Non-communicable diseases are not transmitted between individuals but rather related to individual behaviors and risk factors like diet, exercise and substance abuse. The document also examines specific conditions like cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes, providing details on causes, symptoms and prevention strategies.
Communicable disease
This document discusses communicable diseases. It begins by defining communicable diseases and how they differ from non-communicable diseases in being transmissible between individuals. It then covers topics like the global burden of communicable diseases, their causes and modes of transmission, categories like endemic/epidemic, and strategies for prevention and control. Specific communicable diseases discussed include influenza, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, and diarrheal diseases.
Ppt Air Resistance
The document discusses air resistance and its effects on falling objects. It explains that air resistance acts in opposition to the force of gravity and depends on an object's speed, size, and shape. Specifically, it notes that crumpled paper falls faster than flat paper because it has less air resistance due to a smaller surface area. Finally, it introduces the concept of terminal velocity, which is the maximum speed an object can reach when air resistance equals the force of gravity.
Hiv
HIV attacks T-cells in the immune system and over time can cause AIDS if not treated. It is transmitted through bodily fluids and can be prevented by safe sex practices and clean needles. While there is no cure, treatment can suppress the virus and prevent opportunistic infections. Globally millions live with HIV and increased testing and treatment can help reduce new infections.
Human diseases caused by viruses
Infectious diseases are mainly caused by
microbes.
These are small microorganisms which are
invisible with the naked eye.
They mainly include bacteria, virus, fungi
and parasites.
The symptoms caused by infection depends
on
the location.
Nature of the infection
Type of the microbe
Symbiotic Relationships
Symbiotic relationships refer to intimate associations between organisms of different species that provide a nutritional advantage. There are three main types: parasitism benefits the parasite at the host's expense, commensalism benefits one species without affecting the other, and mutualism benefits both species. Examples of each type are given.
Diseases
This document discusses communicable diseases, which are diseases that can be spread from one person to another. It provides examples of common communicable diseases like the flu, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, measles, hepatitis, and polio. For each disease, it discusses how the disease is transmitted or spread from person to person, typical symptoms, those most at risk, methods of prevention, and other key details. Overall, the document aims to educate about common communicable diseases, how they are contracted and spread between individuals, and important prevention strategies.
Vector Borne Diseases
This document provides an overview of vector-borne disease (VBD) research at Tulane University, including an introduction to relevant concepts and specific disease transmission cycles. It discusses training opportunities in VBD research and Tulane's focus on diseases like dengue, West Nile virus, malaria, and Chagas disease. Key sections define vectors and types of transmission, describe important vector species and the diseases they transmit, and explain parameters important to understanding transmission like vector competence and extrinsic incubation period. Case studies of dengue, West Nile virus, and Chagas disease transmission are also presented.
Diseases
This document discusses various diseases including infectious diseases, water-borne diseases, and cancer. It begins with an introduction to diseases and defines different types. It then focuses on infectious diseases, describing causes such as bacteria and viruses. Common infectious diseases and their transmission are listed. Water-borne diseases and their causes from contaminated water are also reviewed. Finally, cancer is discussed, including causes from genetic mutations and carcinogens. Preventative measures are suggested for infectious diseases, water-borne diseases, and reducing cancer risk.
Malaria ppt
Malaria is caused by Plasmodium parasites transmitted via mosquito bites. The four species that cause malaria in humans are P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae, and P. falciparum, with P. falciparum being the deadliest. Symptoms include fever, chills, and headaches. Treatment involves supportive therapies along with antimalarial drugs like chloroquine, primaquine, mefloquine and combinations of pyrimethamine and sulfadoxin. Prevention focuses on controlling mosquito breeding and protecting against mosquito bites.
HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) which weakens a person's immune system by destroying important white blood cells, known as CD4 cells or T cells. Over time, HIV can destroy so many of these cells that the body cannot fight off infections and disease, at which point the person is said to have developed AIDS. HIV is most often transmitted via sexual contact with an infected person, sharing needles/syringes with an infected person, or from an infected mother to her child during pregnancy, childbirth or breastfeeding. While treatment cannot cure HIV/AIDS, proper medical care can slow down the damage to the immune system and help infected individuals lead long and productive lives.
Terrestrial Ecosystem
The document discusses different types of terrestrial ecosystems, including tropical rainforests, deserts, grasslands, tundra, temperate deciduous forests, and boreal forests. It describes the key abiotic factors, dominant plant and animal species, and global distributions for each ecosystem type. The factors that define terrestrial ecosystems include climate, latitude, humidity, seasonal variations, and elevation. Climate is a major determinant of ecosystem distribution and characteristics.
Dengue Fever(2),09
Dengue fever is an acute, self-limited, febrile disease caused by dengue virus and transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. It occurs in two forms: dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever. Dengue fever involves fever, headache, rash and joint pain while dengue hemorrhagic fever involves high fever, bleeding, organ involvement and signs of circulatory failure. Diagnosis involves clinical presentation and serological tests to detect antibodies or viral components. Treatment focuses on fluid replacement and supportive care, with monitoring to prevent shock in dengue hemorrhagic fever cases. Prevention emphasizes mosquito control and personal protection measures.
Forces in action (grade 6)
The type of force that occurs in this experiment is upthrust. Upthrust is the force that pushes an object up and makes it seem to lose weight in a fluid.
My prediction was correct. The weight of the object measured in water was lower than the weight measured in air, due to the upthrust force of the water pushing up on the object. The more dense the fluid, the greater the upthrust force and the more the object's apparent weight is reduced.
Influenza
Influenza is a highly contagious viral infection that causes fever, body aches, and respiratory symptoms. It spreads easily and can cause severe illness especially in young children, elderly adults, and those with weakened immune systems. The influenza virus is classified into types A, B, and C. Type A causes the most serious disease. Symptoms are diagnosed through viral testing of respiratory samples. Complications can include pneumonia, which is especially dangerous for high-risk groups. Treatment focuses on antiviral drugs that target the virus's neuraminidase or M2 proteins.
Microbes
This document provides information about microbes including their types, growth, and role in the environment. It discusses that microbes are tiny organisms that can only be seen under a microscope. They are found everywhere and play vital roles such as breaking down waste, producing nutrients for plants, and maintaining healthy human microbiomes. The document also describes the different types of microbes based on oxygen needs, temperature tolerance, pH tolerance, and other characteristics. It explains the growth phases of microbes and factors that influence their growth such as nutrients, temperature, oxygen levels and pH. Finally, it discusses the important roles microbes play in environments like producing oxygen, nutrient cycling, supporting agriculture, and maintaining livable climates.
Emerging and re emerging diseases (part 1 of 2)
This document discusses several emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases including SARS, MERS, Nipah virus, Chikungunya, West Nile virus, Lyme disease, Kyasanur forest disease. It provides details on the causative agents, modes of transmission, symptoms, treatment and prevention measures for each disease. It also discusses definitions of emerging and re-emerging diseases and factors responsible for their emergence or re-emergence such as rapid population growth, international travel, antibiotic resistance.
Vector borne disease
Vector borne diseases are caused by pathogens transmitted via the bite or contact with arthropods like insects and arachnids. The document outlines the major vector borne diseases according to the type of vector, including mosquito-borne diseases like malaria and dengue, fly-borne diseases such as African sleeping sickness, lice-borne typhus, flea-borne plague, and tick-borne Rocky Mountain spotted fever and Lyme disease. It provides details on the causative agents, hosts, methods of transmission, symptoms, and control measures for many of these important diseases.
Epidemiology of AIDS
The document discusses the epidemiology of AIDS, including:
- HIV originated from chimpanzees in central Africa and spread to humans in the early 20th century.
- AIDS is caused by HIV which attacks CD4 cells and leads to immunosuppression. There are 3 stages - asymptomatic, AIDS-related complex, and AIDS.
- India's HIV epidemic varies by state with some northeastern states having over 1% prevalence while southern states are lower. HIV transmission is mainly through unprotected sex and sharing of needles.
Dengue
Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease affecting millions of people worldwide each year. It is transmitted by the bites of infected Aedes aegypti and albopictus mosquitoes, which breed in stagnant water. The dengue virus causes flu-like symptoms including fever, muscle pains, and rashes. While most cases are mild, severe dengue can cause potentially lethal complications. Prevention efforts focus on eliminating mosquito breeding sites and reducing exposure to bites. A dengue vaccine was recently approved but more research is still needed.
Presentation on heat and temperature
This presentation covers heat, temperature, and the differences between them. It discusses various temperature scales including Celsius, Fahrenheit, and Kelvin. It explains heat transfer through conduction, convection, and radiation. Key sources of heat and temperature include the sun, combustion of fuels like coal, and solar energy. Heat is a form of energy transferred between objects due to temperature differences, while temperature is a measure of an object's kinetic energy. The relationship between heat and temperature can be calculated using the specific heat capacity, mass, and change in temperature in the equation: q=m×C×ΔT.
Influenza
The influenza virus, commonly called "the flu", infects the respiratory tract of humans and animals. It is caused by RNA viruses in the Orthomyxoviridae family. There are three main types of influenza viruses - A, B, and C. Common symptoms of the flu include fever, cough, sore throat, runny nose, headache, muscle aches, and fatigue. Treatment focuses on vaccination with flu shots or nasal spray vaccines, increasing fluid intake, and using warm showers or compresses to relieve symptoms.
Bacteria
Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms that can exist in three basic shapes - rods (called bacilli), spheres (called cocci), or spirals. They reproduce through binary fission and consume nutrients in various ways. Bacteria are classified based on several factors including their shape, staining properties, oxygen requirements, environment, and cell wall composition. Some key groups of bacteria include phototrophic bacteria, gliding bacteria, sheathed bacteria, and spirochetes.
1 introduction to microbiology
The document provides an overview of microbiology and microorganisms. It discusses that microorganisms are too small to be seen with the naked eye and includes bacteria, fungi, protozoa, algae, and viruses. It also outlines several fields of microbiology like bacteriology, mycology, and virology. The document discusses the roles microorganisms play in various industries like food production and describes how microscopy advanced the study of microbes.
3 infectious and non-infectious diseases ppt
This document summarizes information about two diseases: tetanus and Parkinson's disease. Tetanus is caused by toxins produced by the Clostridium tetani bacteria entering the body through wounds. It causes painful muscle spasms and can be fatal if untreated. Vaccines provide effective prevention. Parkinson's disease results from the loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain. Its characteristic symptoms include tremors, slow movement, and rigid facial expressions. While its causes are unknown, treatments aim to replace dopamine or reduce symptoms. Both diseases disproportionately impact older populations.
Infectious & non infectious diseases
Tetanus is caused by a bacteria that enters the body through wounds. It causes painful muscle spasms. Symptoms include headaches, jaw cramping, and muscle stiffness. Treatment requires antibiotics, wound care, and drugs to control muscle spasms. The tetanus vaccine and boosters provide effective prevention. Rates are highest in hot, damp climates with organic soil.
Down syndrome is a genetic condition where a person is born with an extra copy of chromosome 21. It causes intellectual and physical disabilities as well as health issues. Symptoms vary but may include heart disease, hearing loss, and intestinal problems. Early therapy can help improve skills. Risk increases with the mother's age. There is no known
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Human diseases caused by viruses
Infectious diseases are mainly caused by
microbes.
These are small microorganisms which are
invisible with the naked eye.
They mainly include bacteria, virus, fungi
and parasites.
The symptoms caused by infection depends
on
the location.
Nature of the infection
Type of the microbe
Symbiotic Relationships
Symbiotic relationships refer to intimate associations between organisms of different species that provide a nutritional advantage. There are three main types: parasitism benefits the parasite at the host's expense, commensalism benefits one species without affecting the other, and mutualism benefits both species. Examples of each type are given.
Diseases
This document discusses communicable diseases, which are diseases that can be spread from one person to another. It provides examples of common communicable diseases like the flu, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, measles, hepatitis, and polio. For each disease, it discusses how the disease is transmitted or spread from person to person, typical symptoms, those most at risk, methods of prevention, and other key details. Overall, the document aims to educate about common communicable diseases, how they are contracted and spread between individuals, and important prevention strategies.
Vector Borne Diseases
This document provides an overview of vector-borne disease (VBD) research at Tulane University, including an introduction to relevant concepts and specific disease transmission cycles. It discusses training opportunities in VBD research and Tulane's focus on diseases like dengue, West Nile virus, malaria, and Chagas disease. Key sections define vectors and types of transmission, describe important vector species and the diseases they transmit, and explain parameters important to understanding transmission like vector competence and extrinsic incubation period. Case studies of dengue, West Nile virus, and Chagas disease transmission are also presented.
Diseases
This document discusses various diseases including infectious diseases, water-borne diseases, and cancer. It begins with an introduction to diseases and defines different types. It then focuses on infectious diseases, describing causes such as bacteria and viruses. Common infectious diseases and their transmission are listed. Water-borne diseases and their causes from contaminated water are also reviewed. Finally, cancer is discussed, including causes from genetic mutations and carcinogens. Preventative measures are suggested for infectious diseases, water-borne diseases, and reducing cancer risk.
Malaria ppt
Malaria is caused by Plasmodium parasites transmitted via mosquito bites. The four species that cause malaria in humans are P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae, and P. falciparum, with P. falciparum being the deadliest. Symptoms include fever, chills, and headaches. Treatment involves supportive therapies along with antimalarial drugs like chloroquine, primaquine, mefloquine and combinations of pyrimethamine and sulfadoxin. Prevention focuses on controlling mosquito breeding and protecting against mosquito bites.
HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) which weakens a person's immune system by destroying important white blood cells, known as CD4 cells or T cells. Over time, HIV can destroy so many of these cells that the body cannot fight off infections and disease, at which point the person is said to have developed AIDS. HIV is most often transmitted via sexual contact with an infected person, sharing needles/syringes with an infected person, or from an infected mother to her child during pregnancy, childbirth or breastfeeding. While treatment cannot cure HIV/AIDS, proper medical care can slow down the damage to the immune system and help infected individuals lead long and productive lives.
Terrestrial Ecosystem
The document discusses different types of terrestrial ecosystems, including tropical rainforests, deserts, grasslands, tundra, temperate deciduous forests, and boreal forests. It describes the key abiotic factors, dominant plant and animal species, and global distributions for each ecosystem type. The factors that define terrestrial ecosystems include climate, latitude, humidity, seasonal variations, and elevation. Climate is a major determinant of ecosystem distribution and characteristics.
Dengue Fever(2),09
Dengue fever is an acute, self-limited, febrile disease caused by dengue virus and transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. It occurs in two forms: dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever. Dengue fever involves fever, headache, rash and joint pain while dengue hemorrhagic fever involves high fever, bleeding, organ involvement and signs of circulatory failure. Diagnosis involves clinical presentation and serological tests to detect antibodies or viral components. Treatment focuses on fluid replacement and supportive care, with monitoring to prevent shock in dengue hemorrhagic fever cases. Prevention emphasizes mosquito control and personal protection measures.
Forces in action (grade 6)
The type of force that occurs in this experiment is upthrust. Upthrust is the force that pushes an object up and makes it seem to lose weight in a fluid.
My prediction was correct. The weight of the object measured in water was lower than the weight measured in air, due to the upthrust force of the water pushing up on the object. The more dense the fluid, the greater the upthrust force and the more the object's apparent weight is reduced.
Influenza
Influenza is a highly contagious viral infection that causes fever, body aches, and respiratory symptoms. It spreads easily and can cause severe illness especially in young children, elderly adults, and those with weakened immune systems. The influenza virus is classified into types A, B, and C. Type A causes the most serious disease. Symptoms are diagnosed through viral testing of respiratory samples. Complications can include pneumonia, which is especially dangerous for high-risk groups. Treatment focuses on antiviral drugs that target the virus's neuraminidase or M2 proteins.
Microbes
This document provides information about microbes including their types, growth, and role in the environment. It discusses that microbes are tiny organisms that can only be seen under a microscope. They are found everywhere and play vital roles such as breaking down waste, producing nutrients for plants, and maintaining healthy human microbiomes. The document also describes the different types of microbes based on oxygen needs, temperature tolerance, pH tolerance, and other characteristics. It explains the growth phases of microbes and factors that influence their growth such as nutrients, temperature, oxygen levels and pH. Finally, it discusses the important roles microbes play in environments like producing oxygen, nutrient cycling, supporting agriculture, and maintaining livable climates.
Emerging and re emerging diseases (part 1 of 2)
This document discusses several emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases including SARS, MERS, Nipah virus, Chikungunya, West Nile virus, Lyme disease, Kyasanur forest disease. It provides details on the causative agents, modes of transmission, symptoms, treatment and prevention measures for each disease. It also discusses definitions of emerging and re-emerging diseases and factors responsible for their emergence or re-emergence such as rapid population growth, international travel, antibiotic resistance.
Vector borne disease
Vector borne diseases are caused by pathogens transmitted via the bite or contact with arthropods like insects and arachnids. The document outlines the major vector borne diseases according to the type of vector, including mosquito-borne diseases like malaria and dengue, fly-borne diseases such as African sleeping sickness, lice-borne typhus, flea-borne plague, and tick-borne Rocky Mountain spotted fever and Lyme disease. It provides details on the causative agents, hosts, methods of transmission, symptoms, and control measures for many of these important diseases.
Epidemiology of AIDS
The document discusses the epidemiology of AIDS, including:
- HIV originated from chimpanzees in central Africa and spread to humans in the early 20th century.
- AIDS is caused by HIV which attacks CD4 cells and leads to immunosuppression. There are 3 stages - asymptomatic, AIDS-related complex, and AIDS.
- India's HIV epidemic varies by state with some northeastern states having over 1% prevalence while southern states are lower. HIV transmission is mainly through unprotected sex and sharing of needles.
Dengue
Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease affecting millions of people worldwide each year. It is transmitted by the bites of infected Aedes aegypti and albopictus mosquitoes, which breed in stagnant water. The dengue virus causes flu-like symptoms including fever, muscle pains, and rashes. While most cases are mild, severe dengue can cause potentially lethal complications. Prevention efforts focus on eliminating mosquito breeding sites and reducing exposure to bites. A dengue vaccine was recently approved but more research is still needed.
Presentation on heat and temperature
This presentation covers heat, temperature, and the differences between them. It discusses various temperature scales including Celsius, Fahrenheit, and Kelvin. It explains heat transfer through conduction, convection, and radiation. Key sources of heat and temperature include the sun, combustion of fuels like coal, and solar energy. Heat is a form of energy transferred between objects due to temperature differences, while temperature is a measure of an object's kinetic energy. The relationship between heat and temperature can be calculated using the specific heat capacity, mass, and change in temperature in the equation: q=m×C×ΔT.
Influenza
The influenza virus, commonly called "the flu", infects the respiratory tract of humans and animals. It is caused by RNA viruses in the Orthomyxoviridae family. There are three main types of influenza viruses - A, B, and C. Common symptoms of the flu include fever, cough, sore throat, runny nose, headache, muscle aches, and fatigue. Treatment focuses on vaccination with flu shots or nasal spray vaccines, increasing fluid intake, and using warm showers or compresses to relieve symptoms.
Bacteria
Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms that can exist in three basic shapes - rods (called bacilli), spheres (called cocci), or spirals. They reproduce through binary fission and consume nutrients in various ways. Bacteria are classified based on several factors including their shape, staining properties, oxygen requirements, environment, and cell wall composition. Some key groups of bacteria include phototrophic bacteria, gliding bacteria, sheathed bacteria, and spirochetes.
1 introduction to microbiology
The document provides an overview of microbiology and microorganisms. It discusses that microorganisms are too small to be seen with the naked eye and includes bacteria, fungi, protozoa, algae, and viruses. It also outlines several fields of microbiology like bacteriology, mycology, and virology. The document discusses the roles microorganisms play in various industries like food production and describes how microscopy advanced the study of microbes.
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3 infectious and non-infectious diseases ppt
This document summarizes information about two diseases: tetanus and Parkinson's disease. Tetanus is caused by toxins produced by the Clostridium tetani bacteria entering the body through wounds. It causes painful muscle spasms and can be fatal if untreated. Vaccines provide effective prevention. Parkinson's disease results from the loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain. Its characteristic symptoms include tremors, slow movement, and rigid facial expressions. While its causes are unknown, treatments aim to replace dopamine or reduce symptoms. Both diseases disproportionately impact older populations.
Infectious & non infectious diseases
Tetanus is caused by a bacteria that enters the body through wounds. It causes painful muscle spasms. Symptoms include headaches, jaw cramping, and muscle stiffness. Treatment requires antibiotics, wound care, and drugs to control muscle spasms. The tetanus vaccine and boosters provide effective prevention. Rates are highest in hot, damp climates with organic soil.
Down syndrome is a genetic condition where a person is born with an extra copy of chromosome 21. It causes intellectual and physical disabilities as well as health issues. Symptoms vary but may include heart disease, hearing loss, and intestinal problems. Early therapy can help improve skills. Risk increases with the mother's age. There is no known
The Nature Of Disease What Is Disease
The document discusses several methods for controlling infectious diseases, including preventing transmission, modifying the environment, behavioral changes, immunization, and using antimicrobial drugs and vaccines. It provides details on the different types of vaccines, how they work, and new approaches like DNA vaccines and monoclonal antibodies. The roles of organizations like the WHO and CDC in monitoring, controlling and preventing the spread of diseases globally are also summarized.
Infectious and non infectious diseases - olivia tan
Chickenpox is caused by the varicella-zoster virus and spreads through the air or direct contact. It causes a red, itchy rash all over the body and small blisters that crust over. Most cases are mild and do not require treatment beyond anti-itch lotions and oatmeal baths. The chickenpox vaccine is highly effective at preventing infection. Breast cancer is caused by abnormal cell growth in the breast and symptoms include new lumps or changes in breast shape or skin. Treatment involves surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. Regular breast exams and a healthy lifestyle can help prevent breast cancer.
Infectious and non infectious disease (AS and A Level Biology Chapter 10)
Malaria is an infectious disease transmitted through mosquito bites that causes symptoms like fevers and vomiting. It disproportionately affects Sub-Saharan Africa. Sickle cell anemia is a genetic, non-infectious blood disorder that causes red blood cells to deform into a sickle shape, which can cause anemia. It is most common in people of African and Mediterranean descent. Cancer is caused by abnormalities in cell growth and can be due to environmental or genetic factors. While treatments exist, there is no single cure. Zika virus is an emerging mosquito-borne disease causing mild symptoms like rash and fever. It originated in Africa and Asia and has no specific treatment.
Non infectious diseases of fish
Non-Infectious Disease
Not caused by pathogens
Cannot be transmitted to other species
Malnutrition, Avitaminoses, Heavy Metals etc. are responsible
Risk factors:
Genetics
Life-style
Environmental factors
Genetic Risk Factors
Determined by genes
Familial Disease Tendency
Disease runs in species
Recessive gene disorders
Down syndrome
Born with extra chromosome
Sex-linked disorders
Linked to x chromosome (female)
Can be recessive in females
Color blindness, hemophilia, & muscular dystrophy
Infectious And Noninfectious Diseases Spring 2006
This document provides an overview of infectious and noninfectious diseases. It discusses topics such as immunity, risk factors, pathogens and routes of transmission for infectious diseases. It also addresses specific diseases like STIs (sexually transmitted infections), respiratory illnesses, neurological disorders, and musculoskeletal diseases. The document presents information on disease prevention, treatment, and the relationship between lifestyle factors and health risks.
Fish disease
This document discusses fish diseases and control measures. It describes how fish can be affected by various pathogens like viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites. Some common viral diseases discussed are Spring Viremia of Carp caused by Rhabdovirus, Swim Bladder Inflammation caused by SBI virus, and Viral Renal Disease of Eels. It also discusses Channel Catfish Viral Disease caused by Herpes virus and Pox Disease of Carps caused by Carp Pox virus. The document emphasizes the importance of basic knowledge of fish diseases for fish farmers and highlights how diseases can be controlled through proper pond maintenance and use of antibiotics.
Introduction to infectious diseases
The document discusses infectious diseases and key related concepts. It defines infectious disease as a disease caused by an infectious agent like a bacterium, virus, fungus or parasite that can be transmitted between hosts. It also defines and explains related terms like infection, infectivity, pathogenicity, virulence, and provides examples of major infectious diseases and their causes of death worldwide. The document also covers the history of infectious diseases and advances in the field like germ theory and the development of vaccines and antibiotics.
Infectious diseases: an introduction
This document provides an overview of infectious diseases and the agents that cause them. It discusses the historical perspective of major infectious diseases like smallpox, plague, and influenza. It describes Robert Koch's pioneering work in the late 19th century that established the germ theory of disease and his criteria (known as Koch's postulates) for identifying disease-causing agents. The document then covers viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, helminths, prions, and ectoparasites as causes of infectious disease, describing their characteristics, life cycles, modes of transmission, and examples of diseases they cause.
Prevention and control of infectious diseases
This document discusses various methods for controlling infectious diseases, including controlling the disease reservoir, early diagnosis and notification, epidemiological investigations, isolation of infected individuals, treatment of infected individuals, and quarantine of exposed individuals. It provides details on each method, including definitions, objectives, examples of diseases where each method is particularly effective, and limitations.
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Infectious and non infectious diseases - olivia tan
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Infectious and non infectious disease (AS and A Level Biology Chapter 10)
Infectious and non infectious disease (AS and A Level Biology Chapter 10)
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communicable diseases by radhika kulvi msc nursing
A communicable disease is one that is spread from one person to another through a variety of ways that include: contact with blood and bodily fluids; breathing in an airborne virus; or by being bitten by an insect.
Reporting of cases of communicable disease is important in the planning and evaluation of disease prevention and control programs, in the assurance of appropriate medical therapy, and in the detection of common-source outbreaks. California law mandates healthcare providers and laboratories to report over 80 diseases or conditions to their local health department. Some examples of the reportable communicable diseases include Hepatitis A, B & C, influenza, measles, and salmonella and other food borne illnesses.
How do these communicable diseases spread?
How these diseases spread depends on the specific disease or infectious agent. Some ways in which communicable diseases spread are by:
Physical contact with an infected person, such as through touch (staphylococcus), sexual intercourse (gonorrhea, HIV), fecal/oral transmission (hepatitis A), or droplets (influenza, TB)
Contact with a contaminated surface or object (Norwalk virus), food (salmonella, E. coli), blood (HIV, hepatitis B), or water (cholera);
Bites from insects or animals capable of transmitting the disease (mosquito: malaria and yellow fever; flea: plague); and
Travel through the air, such as tuberculosis or measles.
communicable Diseases
The document provides information about various communicable diseases including Malaria, AIDS, Typhoid, Elephantiasis, Tuberculosis, and Cholera. For each disease, it discusses the causes, symptoms, and methods of prevention. Malaria is spread by mosquitoes and causes shaking chills, fever, and anemia. AIDS is caused by the HIV virus and left untreated can lead to death. Typhoid is caused by Salmonella bacteria and can cause fever, abdominal pain, and rash. Elephantiasis is caused by filarial worms spread through mosquitoes and causes thickened skin. Tuberculosis is a widespread problem that causes cough, weight loss, and fatigue. Cholera, caused
Miv vigs
This document provides statistics and information about HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa. Some key points:
- 70% of the estimated 40 million people living with HIV/AIDS globally are in Sub-Saharan Africa.
- Sub-Saharan Africa is home to 90% of the world's HIV-infected children.
- Most children infected with HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa will not survive to their 5th birthday.
- 17 million Africans have died from AIDS since the epidemic began in the late 1970s.
U of U - Mosquito Borne Illnesses to watch out for as you travel the world
The document discusses several mosquito-borne illnesses to be aware of when traveling, including Zika virus, malaria, dengue fever, West Nile virus, chikungunya, and yellow fever. It describes symptoms of each illness and provides tips on prevention such as wearing protective clothing, using insect repellent, and sleeping under mosquito nets. The best prevention is to take steps to avoid mosquito bites in the first place.
Viral disease
Influenza is caused by RNA viruses that infect the respiratory tract. It spreads through droplets from coughing/sneezing. Symptoms include fever, cough, and fatigue. There are three types of influenza viruses that are divided annually for the vaccine. Measles is a highly contagious viral infection spread through respiratory droplets. Symptoms include fever, cough, runny nose, and a rash. HIV weakens the immune system, allowing life-threatening infections. It is transmitted through sexual contact, blood exposure, and mother-to-child transmission. Hepatitis B is a serious virus that infects the liver and can cause lifelong infection. It is transmitted through blood or sexual contact.
Human health and disease
Human health and disease can be affected by many factors. Physical health involves avoiding disease while maintaining overall well-being through good hygiene, diet, exercise and sleep. Disease is any disorder that negatively impacts health and can be caused by infectious pathogens, genetic predispositions or environmental factors. Examples of major diseases discussed include influenza, malaria, cholera, measles, salmonella, gonorrhea, syphilis, tetanus, Alzheimer's, schizophrenia and muscular dystrophy.
PBH101 Group Presentation on Dengue Fever
Dengue fever, also known as breakbone fever, is a mosquito-borne tropical disease caused by the dengue virus. It causes flu-like symptoms including fever, headache, muscle and joint pains, and skin rash. In some cases it can develop into life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever resulting in bleeding and blood plasma leakage. It is transmitted by several species of mosquito and prevention focuses on reducing mosquito habitats and exposure to bites. There is no vaccine currently available. Research is ongoing into vector control methods, vaccine development, and antiviral drugs to treat dengue.
Health Problems in India by Preeti Thakur
India has huge burden of Health problems .In India health problems are discussed under six major headings as commonly seen in the country.
1.Communicable Disease Problem
2. Non-Communicable disease problem
3.Nutritional problem
4.Environmental sanitation problem
5.Medical care problem
6.Population problem
Lymphatic and immune system
The lymphatic system filters and returns excess fluid to the circulatory system. It also transports fats from the digestive system. Organs include lymph nodes, vessels, spleen, thymus gland, and tonsils. The immune system fights diseases and infections. Nosocomial infections are acquired in hospitals and include bacterial and fungal types. Symptoms include fever, breathing issues, and inflammation. Prevention involves hand washing and sterilizing equipment.
Fcs 340 presenation
This document provides information about several sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) including pediculosis (crabs), herpes, HIV/AIDS, gonorrhea, and hepatitis. It describes the causes, symptoms, treatments, and methods of transmission for each disease. Key details include: pediculosis is caused by parasites that live in pubic hair; herpes is caused by viruses HSV-1 and HSV-2 and has no cure; HIV can be transmitted through sexual contact or blood and leads to AIDS if untreated; gonorrhea is a bacterial infection affecting warm moist areas that can lead to infertility if untreated; hepatitis has various causes and ranges in severity from self-limiting to potentially fatal liver damage.
Diseases
This document provides an overview of different types of diseases including infectious, non-infectious, nutritional, genetic, cancers, auto-immune, and those caused by pathogens. Infectious diseases are caused by pathogens like viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites, or prions. Non-infectious diseases have other causes like poor nutrition, smoking, pollution, and genetics. Examples of specific nutritional deficiency diseases, genetic diseases, cancers, and auto-immune diseases are also outlined. The document concludes by describing different pathogens and vectors that can transmit diseases.
Most Common Immunodeficiency Diseases.pptx
Immunodeficiency illnesses come in countless variations. Dr Kanury Rao along with his diagnostic team of researchers had already contributed a lot to the improvement by inventing preventive measures and medications for various immunodeficiency diseases and continue to do so.
Sle body meds.onome
This document provides information about lupus and its treatments. It begins by noting that lupus can affect the body in many ways and medications are used to protect the body from lupus. It then discusses how lupus is an autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks the body. It outlines the common symptoms and organ systems affected by lupus. The document concludes by describing several common medications used to treat lupus, including their purposes, side effects, and monitoring requirements.
Communicable and Non-communicable diseases
A very effective ppt on communicable and non-communicable diseases with a lot of new things to know. Very useful for school students of class 9,8,7 th.
Diseases
This document discusses various common diseases including childhood diseases like measles, chickenpox, and mumps. It also mentions common infections like colds and flu. Influenza is described as a contagious disease that can range from mild to severe like pneumonia. Cancer is defined as uncontrolled cell growth that occurs in many different forms. AIDS results from HIV infection and has no cure or vaccine, spreading mainly through sexual contact or shared needles. Infectious diseases are prevented by nurses caring for patients while stopping infection spread.
STROKE.pptx
Stroke is a major cause of death and disability worldwide. It can occur at any age, though 1/5th of strokes occur in people under 40 in India. Risk factors include hypertension, diabetes, smoking, oral contraceptives, and others. Prevention involves controlling risk factors through lifestyle changes like quitting smoking, managing diabetes and blood pressure, and seeking prompt treatment for transient ischemic attacks. Education is also needed to increase awareness of stroke causes and symptoms.
Sickle cell anemia
Sickle cell anemia is a genetic blood disorder where red blood cells become misshapen and can clog small blood vessels. It is inherited from both parents and most common in those with African or Mediterranean ancestry. Symptoms include painful episodes, fatigue, infections, and organ damage. Treatment focuses on managing pain, preventing infections, blood transfusions, and for some, medications like hydroxyurea. Complications can include strokes, organ failure, and death if not properly managed.
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communicable diseases by radhika kulvi msc nursing
communicable diseases by radhika kulvi msc nursing
U of U - Mosquito Borne Illnesses to watch out for as you travel the world
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Diseases case studies
The document summarizes information about malaria and bipolar disorder. Malaria is caused by a parasite transmitted through the bites of infected mosquitoes. Symptoms include fevers, chills, and fatigue. Treatment involves drugs like chloroquine or combinations of quinine and antibiotics. Prevention methods consist of antimalarial drugs, insect repellent, and mosquito nets. Bipolar disorder has unknown causes but genetic and chemical factors. Symptoms vary between periods of mania and depression. Treatment focuses on lithium to control mood swings along with hospitalization during depressive episodes. Neither disease can be prevented, but their symptoms can be managed.
Infectious and non infectious diseases
Yasmine Biady presented on ringworm and diabetes. Ringworm symptoms can include itchy, irritated skin and rashes. It commonly affects young children and incidence is estimated around 3-5% of populations in some countries. Type 1 diabetes occurs when the pancreas cannot produce insulin and has genetic and environmental causes. Type 2 diabetes occurs when the body does not use insulin properly and can be prevented through healthy lifestyle choices. Resources on ringworm and diabetes were also provided.
Diseases case studies
Influenza is caused by a virus that infects cells and often mutates, so immunity to one strain does not protect against others. It is transmitted through direct contact, contaminated objects, or inhaled aerosols. Symptoms include fever, body aches, headache, and cough. Treatment focuses on symptom relief and there are now three licensed antiviral treatments in the UK. Prevention includes an annual flu vaccine tailored to the strains expected to cause epidemics that year. Anorexia nervosa has unclear causes but links to anxiety, unhappiness, and low self-esteem. Symptoms include extreme weight loss and medical complications. Treatment involves hospitalization for refeeding and behavioral therapy to address emotional issues.
1. diseases case studies
The document discusses chickenpox and Down's syndrome. Chickenpox is caused by the varicella-zoster virus and spreads through saliva or mucus. It causes a red, itchy rash and symptoms include fever, headache and sore throat. Treatment involves antiviral medication or creams to reduce itchiness. Prevention includes vaccination which is highly effective. Down's syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by a third copy of chromosome 21, leading to distinctive physical features. It cannot be prevented but conditions can be treated through surgery or medication.
Infectious and Non Infectious Diseases
Whooping cough is caused by the Bordetella pertussis bacteria. It is transmitted through respiratory droplets from coughing or sneezing, and sometimes through contact with clothes or toys. Early symptoms resemble a common cold with sneezing, runny nose, and slight fever. Later, uncontrolled bouts of coughing occur with a characteristic "whooping" sound between coughs. Treatment involves antibiotics like azithromycin or erythromycin for 5-7 days. Other supportive treatments include steam inhalation, paracetamol, fluids, and rest. Vaccinations against whooping cough are recommended for babies and children through the DTaP vaccine.
Disease case study- Francesca Reid
The document discusses influenza (flu) and its characteristics. It describes how the flu virus mutates annually to evade immunity, but every 30 years or so a major "shift" occurs that causes a pandemic. Symptoms of the flu include fever, aches, cough and tiredness. The best prevention is an annual flu vaccine, as the virus changes each year. Type 1 diabetes is also summarized, where the immune system attacks insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. Its treatment requires insulin injections and managing diet and activity levels. While there is no cure for either condition, vaccination and healthy habits can help prevent their spread.
Case study diseases
This document compares the infectious disease whooping cough and the non-infectious genetic disease Down syndrome. Whooping cough is caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis and spreads through airborne droplets. It causes a runny nose, cough, and can be life threatening for infants. Antibiotics and vaccination are used for treatment and prevention. Down syndrome is a genetic condition caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21. It causes distinctive facial features and cognitive impairment. While it cannot be prevented, treatments have improved life expectancy and managed associated medical conditions. Both diseases most severely impact infants and have varying incidence rates around the world.
Disease case study sermin sayan
AIDS is caused by the HIV virus which is transmitted through bodily fluids and blood-to-blood contact. Early symptoms include swollen lymph nodes and fatigue, while later symptoms include weight loss, diarrhea, and attacks of shingles. There is no cure, but antiviral drugs can treat HIV/AIDS. Prevention involves avoiding practices like sharing needles or having unprotected sex. Over 22 million people in Africa have been diagnosed with AIDS since 1981.
Parkinson's disease causes slow movement, muscle rigidity and tremors due to a lack of dopamine. It is not contagious and may be inherited or caused by environmental toxins. Symptoms include tremors, stiffness, and impaired motor skills. Treatments aim to boost
5. disease case studies
This document discusses and compares two diseases: chicken pox and anorexia nervosa. Chicken pox is a highly contagious viral disease that causes an itchy rash. It spreads through contact with infected individuals and can be prevented through vaccination. Anorexia nervosa is a psychological disorder characterized by an obsessive fear of gaining weight and refusal to eat. It has complex cultural, biological, and psychological causes and can lead to severe physical and mental health issues if not properly treated through hospitalization and monitored recovery programs. Both diseases are most common in adolescents and have become more prevalent in recent decades, influenced by modern culture.
Diseases case study jennifer yu
This document provides information on malaria and osteoporosis. It describes the four species of parasites that cause malaria in humans and their symptoms. Malaria is transmitted through mosquito bites and symptoms include fever, fatigue and enlarged spleen. Treatment differs for uncomplicated and severe malaria, utilizing artemisinin-based combination therapy and injectable artesunate respectively. Prevention focuses on insecticide-treated bed nets and indoor spraying. Osteoporosis is caused by factors like genetics, menopause and inactivity. It often produces no symptoms until fractures occur. Treatment includes hormones, bisphosphonates, calcium and exercise while prevention emphasizes calcium/vitamin D intake and weight-bearing exercise.
3 infectious and non-infectious disease rebecca
Tetanus is caused by toxins produced by the Clostridium tetani bacteria entering the body through wounds. It causes painful muscle spasms and can be fatal if untreated. Immunization through vaccines like DTaP can prevent tetanus. While once common, reported tetanus cases and deaths are now very low in Australia due to widespread immunization.
Parkinson's disease is caused by the loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra region of the brain. It causes movement-related symptoms like tremors and rigidity. While its causes are unknown, it tends to affect older individuals. Treatment focuses on replacing lost dopamine or controlling symptoms, but cannot stop the progression of neuronal
Infectious & non infectious case study
Tetanus is caused by bacteria that enters the body through open wounds and produces toxins affecting the nervous system. It causes stiffness of the jaw and muscles. While it can affect anyone, it is more common in areas without immunization. Treatment involves antibiotics, antitoxins, and in severe cases mechanical ventilation. Prevention is through vaccination and prophylaxis for open wounds.
Alzheimer's disease causes brain cells to die faster than normal aging. Genetic factors play a role in some rare early-onset cases. Symptoms include memory loss, confusion, problems with language and spatial skills. While there is no cure, treatments can help manage symptoms. Prevention may involve antioxidants but more research is needed as the causes are
Disease case studies
The document discusses chickenpox, caused by the varicella-zoster virus. It spreads easily through sneezes, coughs or sharing food/drinks. Symptoms include tiredness, fever and rash appearing as red spots developing into blisters. Home treatment with rest, fever medication and oatmeal baths is usually sufficient. Vaccination can prevent chickenpox. Chickenpox is most common in children under 12, in early spring/late winter worldwide.
Non infectious and infectious diseases case study-Nidhi kontham
This document discusses and compares skin cancer and malaria. It outlines the symptoms of each disease, which include unusual spots on the skin for skin cancer and high fever, chills, and muscle pain for malaria. It also discusses prevention methods for both diseases, such as wearing sunscreen and protective clothing to prevent skin cancer and taking preventative medicines to prevent malaria. The document notes that malaria occurs most commonly in tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia, Latin America, and some parts of Europe and the Middle East.
Prayer to mark international women’s day
Sambhali Trust http://www.sambhali-trust.org/ is a non-profit NGO that runs a variety of projects that empower women and girls who are victims or potential victims of abuse.
Watch: The Girl Effect-the clock is ticking http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1e8xgF0JtVg&NR=1&feature=endscreen
and
The Girl Effect: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WIvmE4_KMNw
Case study
The Red Kangaroo is the largest living marsupial in Australia. It evolved adaptations like different types of milk production and hopping to survive in arid environments as Australia's climate changed. The introduction of livestock and agriculture by Europeans further increased the Red Kangaroo's habitat and food sources, causing its population to grow. Its red fur color also provides camouflage in the red Australian soil, demonstrating natural selection pressures. Overall, the environmental changes led to macroevolutionary changes in the Red Kangaroo over a long period of time.
Ddt and mosquitoes
Mosquitoes like Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles stephensi were targeted with DDT to reduce malaria. Initially DDT killed mosquitoes but they eventually evolved resistance and their populations recovered. The use of DDT also harmed other animals through bioaccumulation, though it was thought to not harm humans. This environmental change put selective pressure on mosquitoes that developed resistance, causing micro-evolution within the species.
Micro organisms
Micro-organisms are tiny one-celled organisms like bacteria, viruses, and fungi that are found everywhere in the world, both on and inside living things. They outnumber the cells that make up the human body. Micro-organisms provide benefits like helping to fight other microbes through antibiotics and vaccines, purifying waste water, and producing nitrogen for agriculture. However, they can also have harmful effects like triggering infections and allergies if they grow in homes or workplaces, causing odors on clothing and footwear, and contaminating food and water leading to food poisoning.
Micro-organisms
Micro-organisms can have both beneficial and harmful effects. Beneficially, they neutralize viruses, produce medicines, help decompose waste, and make nutrients and products like bread and cheese. However, some micro-organisms can also make people and plants sick by producing toxins or contaminating food, or by outcompeting beneficial microbes. Micro-organisms play an important role in health, decomposition, and food production, but maintaining balance is key to avoiding illness.
Beneficial and harmful effect of microorganisms Sarah
This document discusses the beneficial and harmful effects of microorganisms. Microorganisms are beneficial as they recycle through decomposition, decompose other organisms and waste, and are used to produce food products like yogurt and cheese as well as industrial materials like leather. However, microorganisms can also be harmful as some cause diseases in humans, animals and plants, act as carriers of diseases, spread viruses, and can spoil food.
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1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
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3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
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Infectious and non infectious diseases
- 3. Cause and Transmission Malaria is caused a parasite Plasmodium, found in certain types of mosquito Transmitted by bites of certain types of mosquitoes The parasites multiply in the liver and infect red blood cells
- 4. Symptoms Symptoms include: Fever Headache Vomiting Muscle pain Diarrhoea Tiredness Coughing Symptoms appear 10-15 days after bite If not treated, can become life threatening by disrupting the blood Parasites have developed resistance to many medicines around world
- 5. Treatment and Prevention Effective and prompt treatment with artemisinin-based combination therapies Some medicines don't work for malaria from some parts of the world Choice of medicine depends on where you were infected Chloroquine is often used as an anti-malarial medication Use of insecticidal nets by people at risk Indoor residual spraying insecticide to control the vector mosquitoes Wearing insect repellent and long sleeved clothing
- 6. Incidence Occurs in over 100 countries and territories Large parts of Central and South America, Hispaniola, Africa, India, Southeast Asia, Middle East, Oceania Occurs in warmer regions of the world- tropical and subtropical, warmer regions allow mosquitoes to thrive More common in the wet season People most at risk are: Pregnant women Infants and children under 5 People with HIV/AIDS
- 7. Occurrences of Malaria in the World
- 9. Causes Everyone’s bone start becoming lighter and thinner from middle age Symptoms usually occur when an excessive amount of bone is lost In other, more rare case, it is caused from other illnesses In this case, osteoporosis is a secondary disease and the primary illness must be treated first
- 10. Symptoms Give rise to bone pain Backaches Bones break easier from minor accidents Loss of height Bent spine However, it may not cause any symptoms at all
- 11. Treatment and Prevention Osteoporosis can be treated and prevented by: Eating a nutritious diet that include large amounts of calcium and vitamin D Regular exercise Drinking alcohol less Not smoking
- 12. Incidence Higher risk of osteoporosis from 30 onwards More common in older people Occurs in most countries one in two women and one in five men over the age of 50 will break a bone mainly because of poor bone health. In 2011-12, 3.3% of Australians (726,000 people) reported having osteoporosis.
- 13. Vitamin D status around the world