Immunodeficiency illnesses come in countless variations. Dr Kanury Rao along with his diagnostic team of researchers had already contributed a lot to the improvement by inventing preventive measures and medications for various immunodeficiency diseases and continue to do so.
The word ‘immune’ refers to the resistance from infections and ‘deficiency’ refers to lack of protection or failure of the immune system. In this slide types of immunodeficiency, their characteristics, signs and symptoms, treatment and prevention are to be discussed.
Learning Objectives
Define the recurrent infections and differentiate the patient with a primary immunodeficiency (PID) from the "normal person“.
Recognize infectious signs and symptoms, and opportunistic infections of primary immunodeficiency that warrant screening and referral to a specialist.
Understand noninfectious signs and symptoms that should raise concern for primary immunodeficiency.
Determine appropriate testing for patients for whom immunodeficiency is suspected.
Discuss the management of patients with primary immunodeficiency.
Appreciate secondary causes of immunodeficiency
Contents- Introduction to Immunodeficiency | Types | SCID | LAD
Immunodeficiency is the inability to produce an adequate immune response because of insufficiency or absence of antibodies, immune cells or both.
SCID & LAD are the two immunodeficiencies from primary immunodeficiency.
The word ‘immune’ refers to the resistance from infections and ‘deficiency’ refers to lack of protection or failure of the immune system. In this slide types of immunodeficiency, their characteristics, signs and symptoms, treatment and prevention are to be discussed.
Learning Objectives
Define the recurrent infections and differentiate the patient with a primary immunodeficiency (PID) from the "normal person“.
Recognize infectious signs and symptoms, and opportunistic infections of primary immunodeficiency that warrant screening and referral to a specialist.
Understand noninfectious signs and symptoms that should raise concern for primary immunodeficiency.
Determine appropriate testing for patients for whom immunodeficiency is suspected.
Discuss the management of patients with primary immunodeficiency.
Appreciate secondary causes of immunodeficiency
Contents- Introduction to Immunodeficiency | Types | SCID | LAD
Immunodeficiency is the inability to produce an adequate immune response because of insufficiency or absence of antibodies, immune cells or both.
SCID & LAD are the two immunodeficiencies from primary immunodeficiency.
In this lesson, students learn through observation that infection is caused by microorganisms found all around us. They will then demonstrate how infection can be spread throughout a population and will determine various factors that can affect the rate at which a disease spreads.
Microbiota, vitamin D receptor VDR and autoimmuityfathi neana
The big question is what is behind sickness during our life ?. How the pathogens can prevail and what happen to our immune system and microbiota. How the pathogens in a clever way shut down the innate immunity causing persistent chronic illness, chronic inflammation, maladaptive autoimmunity and other chronic diseases. What is the rule of vitamin D and its receptor VDR . What about the current debate regarding the best choice for managing vitamin D deficient function. Hope we can find the answer in this presentation.
· The immune system is the body’s natural defense system that help.docxalinainglis
· The immune system is the body’s natural defense system that helps fight infections. When a person’s immune system is impaired it can not effectively protect against infection. Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn’s disease are two major forms of inflammatory bowel disease that can cause the immune system to be weakened. Persons with IBD the immune system attacks the lining of the intestines, causing episodes of diarrhea, rectal bleeding, urgent bowel movements, abdominal pain, fever, and weight loss. Oral and injected immune-suppressing medicines can treat IBD. I have known a couple of people that suffered from these diseases and what they described about their condition seemed to be extremely painful often causing them to become hospitalized for a prolonged period. A very close friend of mine had 1 foot of his small intestine removed which he recovered from butt still had flare ups on occasion. In Crohn's disease, there are healthy parts of the intestine mixed in between inflamed areas. Ulcerative colitis, on the other hand, is continuous inflammation of the colon. Ulcerative colitis only affects the inner most lining of the colon while Crohn's disease can occur in all the layers of the bowel walls. People with Crohn’s disease of present symptoms such as diarrhea and pain in the abdomen followed by a remission in these symptoms currently aren’t any surgical solutions for this disease. On the other hand, with Ulcerative Colitis many times the large intestine can be removed to provide relief but in many cases there is complications after surgery.
· The immune system is the body's defense against infectious organisms. The immune system will also protect the body and help fight off diseases and infections. The system is made up of cells, tissues and organs. If the immune system is not functioning correctly it is considered impaired immunity and the body defense system will weaken. The individual will be more susceptible to infectious organisms such as viruses, bacteria, and foreign bodies. In my opinion the most important type of impaired immunity is autoimmunity. Autoimmunity will cause someone immune system to attack itself. The body has difficulty identifying nontoxic antigens, therefore the antibodies generated are useless. Another important impaired immunity is human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) which is an immunodeficiency which will harm the individual immune system; it will destroy the white blood cells that is used to fight infection. HIV will weaken the immune system and will put the individual at a major risk for severe infection and different forms of cancers. Acquire immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) will be the final stage of infection, as a result of HIV. If the individual is not on medication it can take years before human immunodeficiency virus to weaken the immune system to the point where the individual can develop acquired immunodeficiency virus (AIDS). Being diagnosed with HIV doesn’t mean they’ll develop acquired immunodeficien.
PowerPoint Presentation :-
Topic - 'WHY DO WE FALL ILL'
Made By - NehaRohtagi1
This PPT will help the students of class -9 to understand the significance of 'HEALTH' and types of diseases, their symptoms, treatment, prevention, vaccination, etc.
communicable diseases by radhika kulvi msc nursingRadhika kulvi
A communicable disease is one that is spread from one person to another through a variety of ways that include: contact with blood and bodily fluids; breathing in an airborne virus; or by being bitten by an insect.
Reporting of cases of communicable disease is important in the planning and evaluation of disease prevention and control programs, in the assurance of appropriate medical therapy, and in the detection of common-source outbreaks. California law mandates healthcare providers and laboratories to report over 80 diseases or conditions to their local health department. Some examples of the reportable communicable diseases include Hepatitis A, B & C, influenza, measles, and salmonella and other food borne illnesses.
How do these communicable diseases spread?
How these diseases spread depends on the specific disease or infectious agent. Some ways in which communicable diseases spread are by:
Physical contact with an infected person, such as through touch (staphylococcus), sexual intercourse (gonorrhea, HIV), fecal/oral transmission (hepatitis A), or droplets (influenza, TB)
Contact with a contaminated surface or object (Norwalk virus), food (salmonella, E. coli), blood (HIV, hepatitis B), or water (cholera);
Bites from insects or animals capable of transmitting the disease (mosquito: malaria and yellow fever; flea: plague); and
Travel through the air, such as tuberculosis or measles.
How are lasers used to treat Cancer.pptxDr.Kanury Rao
Compared to standard surgical tools, lasers have some advantages (pros) and downsides (cons). If you are looking for a reputed oncologist, you can seek medical help from Dr. Kanury Rao. Laser therapy uses a super-intense narrow beam of light to kill cancer cells
Cancer treatment comes in a variety of forms. Rapid growth of technology is giving people living with cancer new hope. Dr. Kanury Rao and his colleagues are at the forefront of this transition and are committed to developing improved cancer therapies and cures.
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Similar to Most Common Immunodeficiency Diseases.pptx
In this lesson, students learn through observation that infection is caused by microorganisms found all around us. They will then demonstrate how infection can be spread throughout a population and will determine various factors that can affect the rate at which a disease spreads.
Microbiota, vitamin D receptor VDR and autoimmuityfathi neana
The big question is what is behind sickness during our life ?. How the pathogens can prevail and what happen to our immune system and microbiota. How the pathogens in a clever way shut down the innate immunity causing persistent chronic illness, chronic inflammation, maladaptive autoimmunity and other chronic diseases. What is the rule of vitamin D and its receptor VDR . What about the current debate regarding the best choice for managing vitamin D deficient function. Hope we can find the answer in this presentation.
· The immune system is the body’s natural defense system that help.docxalinainglis
· The immune system is the body’s natural defense system that helps fight infections. When a person’s immune system is impaired it can not effectively protect against infection. Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn’s disease are two major forms of inflammatory bowel disease that can cause the immune system to be weakened. Persons with IBD the immune system attacks the lining of the intestines, causing episodes of diarrhea, rectal bleeding, urgent bowel movements, abdominal pain, fever, and weight loss. Oral and injected immune-suppressing medicines can treat IBD. I have known a couple of people that suffered from these diseases and what they described about their condition seemed to be extremely painful often causing them to become hospitalized for a prolonged period. A very close friend of mine had 1 foot of his small intestine removed which he recovered from butt still had flare ups on occasion. In Crohn's disease, there are healthy parts of the intestine mixed in between inflamed areas. Ulcerative colitis, on the other hand, is continuous inflammation of the colon. Ulcerative colitis only affects the inner most lining of the colon while Crohn's disease can occur in all the layers of the bowel walls. People with Crohn’s disease of present symptoms such as diarrhea and pain in the abdomen followed by a remission in these symptoms currently aren’t any surgical solutions for this disease. On the other hand, with Ulcerative Colitis many times the large intestine can be removed to provide relief but in many cases there is complications after surgery.
· The immune system is the body's defense against infectious organisms. The immune system will also protect the body and help fight off diseases and infections. The system is made up of cells, tissues and organs. If the immune system is not functioning correctly it is considered impaired immunity and the body defense system will weaken. The individual will be more susceptible to infectious organisms such as viruses, bacteria, and foreign bodies. In my opinion the most important type of impaired immunity is autoimmunity. Autoimmunity will cause someone immune system to attack itself. The body has difficulty identifying nontoxic antigens, therefore the antibodies generated are useless. Another important impaired immunity is human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) which is an immunodeficiency which will harm the individual immune system; it will destroy the white blood cells that is used to fight infection. HIV will weaken the immune system and will put the individual at a major risk for severe infection and different forms of cancers. Acquire immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) will be the final stage of infection, as a result of HIV. If the individual is not on medication it can take years before human immunodeficiency virus to weaken the immune system to the point where the individual can develop acquired immunodeficiency virus (AIDS). Being diagnosed with HIV doesn’t mean they’ll develop acquired immunodeficien.
PowerPoint Presentation :-
Topic - 'WHY DO WE FALL ILL'
Made By - NehaRohtagi1
This PPT will help the students of class -9 to understand the significance of 'HEALTH' and types of diseases, their symptoms, treatment, prevention, vaccination, etc.
communicable diseases by radhika kulvi msc nursingRadhika kulvi
A communicable disease is one that is spread from one person to another through a variety of ways that include: contact with blood and bodily fluids; breathing in an airborne virus; or by being bitten by an insect.
Reporting of cases of communicable disease is important in the planning and evaluation of disease prevention and control programs, in the assurance of appropriate medical therapy, and in the detection of common-source outbreaks. California law mandates healthcare providers and laboratories to report over 80 diseases or conditions to their local health department. Some examples of the reportable communicable diseases include Hepatitis A, B & C, influenza, measles, and salmonella and other food borne illnesses.
How do these communicable diseases spread?
How these diseases spread depends on the specific disease or infectious agent. Some ways in which communicable diseases spread are by:
Physical contact with an infected person, such as through touch (staphylococcus), sexual intercourse (gonorrhea, HIV), fecal/oral transmission (hepatitis A), or droplets (influenza, TB)
Contact with a contaminated surface or object (Norwalk virus), food (salmonella, E. coli), blood (HIV, hepatitis B), or water (cholera);
Bites from insects or animals capable of transmitting the disease (mosquito: malaria and yellow fever; flea: plague); and
Travel through the air, such as tuberculosis or measles.
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Compared to standard surgical tools, lasers have some advantages (pros) and downsides (cons). If you are looking for a reputed oncologist, you can seek medical help from Dr. Kanury Rao. Laser therapy uses a super-intense narrow beam of light to kill cancer cells
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Dr. Kanury Rao is also known as Kanury Venkata Subba Rao is an immunologist and scientist from India who is widely known for his continuous research in the field of immunology.
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Dr. Kanury Rao is an expert in the field of immunology and would be more than happy to help diagnose and treat any cases of immunodeficiency. This article with guide us on the five common signs that indicate immune-deficiency. So, let’s figure out the symptoms and their cure.
The unnatural development of skin embryos or
cells is known as skin cancer. Generally, the
growth can be seen in those areas where
either skin is covered or not covered.
According to Kanury Rao, it is the most usual
treated cancer all over the world.
Who is Kanury Rao What is his contribution to the field of Science.pdfDr.Kanury Rao
Kanury Rao is an Indian scientist and immunologist. He was born on 27 September 1958 in India. He was always interested in the field of Science since childhood. He was known as a good scholar and had brilliant knowledge of biology since childhood. He was a member
of the Science and Engineering Research
Board of the Department of Science and
Technology. Dr Rao has also worked as the
president of the Indian Immunology
Society from 2004 to 2008.
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Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
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2. Your body cannot combat illnesses and infections if you have a compromised immune system.
Your susceptibility to bacterial and viral infections is increased by this kind of disease.
Both congenital and acquired immunodeficiency diseases exist. Those that you were born with
have congenital, or primary, disorders. You can develop an acquired disorder later in life, often
known as a secondary disorder. Congenital conditions are less common than acquired conditions.
The following body parts make up your immune system:
• the lymph nodes,
• tonsils, and
• bone marrow
These organs treat lymphocytes and expel them. B cells and T cells are two types of white blood
cells that are present. Invaders known as antigens are fought by B and T lymphocytes. An illness
that your body detects is recognised by B cells, which then release antibodies. Invading or
abnormal cells are destroyed by certain T lymphocytes.
Your B and T cells may need to fight off the following examples of antigens:
virus, cancer cells, parasites, and bacteria.
Your body’s capacity to fight off these antigens is compromised by an immunodeficiency
condition.
3. Immune system deficiencies’ symptoms
Immunodeficiency illnesses come in countless variations. As discovered and researched by Dr. Kanury Rao and
his team, There are distinctive symptoms for every condition, which may be recurrent or persistent. There are
a few cautionary indicators, though, that suggests your immune system may be having some issues.
Immunodeficiency disorder patients frequently experience recurrent infections of specific illnesses, including:
colds, flu, thrush, pink eye,
long-standing gum disease (gingivitis), and
lung infections are caused by yeast.
Immunodeficiency disorder patients could have weight loss over time and chronic stomach pain.
Your doctor may do some tests to see if you have an immunodeficiency problem if you notice that you get sick
frequently and have trouble recovering from viruses and other infections.
What kind of physician deals with immunodeficiency diseases?
If your primary care physician has identified an immunodeficiency disorder in you or has reason to believe that
you may have one and needs a specialist’s opinion, they will probably refer you to an immunologist.
The study of immune deficiencies is a speciality of immunologists. To become an immunologist, a person
typically needs to complete an extra 9 years of medical schooling after earning a bachelor’s degree. Dr Kanury
Rao and his drug discovery research centre have taken a step ahead and initiated treating this world as a
healthier place to live in.
4. What kinds of immunodeficiency illnesses are there?
When the immune system is not functioning as it should, an immune deficiency
disease or disorder develops. It is referred to as primary immunodeficiency disease if
you are born with a deficiency that has a hereditary aetiology. There are more than
200 primary immunodeficiency diseases, according to a reliable source.
Primary immunodeficiency disorders include, for example:
Generally varying immunodeficiency (CVID),
In addition to being characterised as alymphocytosis, chronic granulomatous illness,
and severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) (CGD).
When your body is weakened by an external factor, such as a chemical or virus,
secondary immunodeficiency problems develop. A secondary immunodeficiency
condition can result from the following:
radiation, chemotherapy, severe burns,
malnutrition and diabetes mellitus.
5. In what ways are immunodeficiency conditions treated?
The following are the main focuses of immunodeficiency sccondition treatment:
As much as it is practicable, preventing infections from happening in the first place,
and boosting some immune system components.
Two common forms of medication used in the treatment are antibiotics and
immunoglobulin therapy.
Viral infections brought on by immunodeficiency diseases are occasionally treated
with other antiviral medications, such as oseltamivir and acyclovir, or a medication
known as interferon.
Your physician can recommend a bone marrow (stem cell) transplant if your bone
marrow isn’t creating enough lymphocytes.
6. Can problems in the immune system be avoided?
Disorders associated with primary immunodeficiency can be controlled and treated but not
prevented.
Sometimes making certain lifestyle decisions can help to reduce the likelihood of getting
secondary diseases. For instance, adopting a balanced diet and engaging in enough physical
activity can reduce your risk of acquiring type 2 diabetes.
A strong immune system requires plenty of sleep. Long-term sleep loss may not only result in
several chronic diseases, but it may also make your body less able to fight against infections.
Note: You can’t properly fight against viruses or illnesses if you have an immunodeficiency
disease, which has been detected in you. It could have developed later in life as a result of a
chronic disease like cancer or diabetes, or it could have been a congenital abnormality.
Immunodeficiency illnesses come in countless variations. Six million persons worldwide are
estimated to have a primary immunodeficiency disease, according to the British Society for
Immunology (i.e., they were born with it).
Most medical professionals concur that persons with immune deficiency illnesses can live full
and useful lives. The problem must be identified and treated as soon as possible.
7. Conclusion
Depending on the condition, a variety of factors might contribute to
immunodeficiency. The root of the problem may be inherited or
acquired through starvation and unsanitary living conditions. Only a few
genetic conditions have recognised precise genes. The famous
immunologist, Dr Kanury Rao along with his diagnostic team of
researchers had already contributed a lot to the improvement by
inventing preventive measures and medications for various
immunodeficiency diseases and continue to do so. With faith and belief,
we will be able to overcome the fear and hustles behind these
immunodeficiency diseases.