Vector borne diseases are caused by pathogens transmitted via the bite or contact with arthropods like insects and arachnids. The document outlines the major vector borne diseases according to the type of vector, including mosquito-borne diseases like malaria and dengue, fly-borne diseases such as African sleeping sickness, lice-borne typhus, flea-borne plague, and tick-borne Rocky Mountain spotted fever and Lyme disease. It provides details on the causative agents, hosts, methods of transmission, symptoms, and control measures for many of these important diseases.

1. VECTOR BORNE DISEASES
Presentation by;
NITESH SINGH
ALINA KHIMBAJA
Supported by:
Dr. S K MADHUP

2. of
A biological association between an
arthropod (insect or arachnid ) and a
pathogen acquired by feeding on the blood
of the infected vertebrate host

3. On the basis of host we can classify vector borne
disease in following class;
1) Mosquitoes borne
2)Flies borne
3)Lice borne
4)Fleas borne
5)tick borne

4. Disease Causative agents Vectors Methods of
infections
Malaria
(commonest)
Plasmodium Anopheles
mosquitoes
Bite
Dengue fever Virus Aedes
mosquitoes
Bite
Encephalitis Virus Culex
mosquitoes
Bite
African
sleeping
sickness
trypnosomas Tse tse fly Bite
Dysentry
(amoebic)
Protozoan Housefly Contamination of
food
Dysentery
(bacilary)
Bacterium
shigella sp.
Housefly Contamination of
food
Cholera Vibrio cholerae Housefly Contamination of
food

5. Disease Causative agents Vector Method of
infection
Onchocerclosis Parasite worm,
onchocerco
volvulus
Black flies Bite
Plague Bacterium,
pastaurella pestis
Oriental rat flies
and other fleas
Bites of contact
with infected
rodents
Rocky mountain
fever
Ricketsia American dog tick Bite
Typhoid Salmonella typhi Houseflies Contamination of
food
Typhus Ricketsia prowzeki Human louse flies Contamination or
bite
Yellow fever Viruses Aedes mosquitoes bite

6. MOSQUITOES & KEY VBDS
 Responsible for a great VBD burdens
-Malaria-Parasite
-Yelow fever-Virus
-Dengue fever/hemorrhagic fever-virus
-Other viral fevers
West Nile, Rift Valley
-Filiariasis-Helminth
-Encephalitis-viruses

7. MALARIA;
 Causative agent:-
a) plasmodium vivax
b) plasmodium falciparum
c) plasmodium ovale
d) plasmodium malarie
 Primary host:man
 Secondary host: anopheles mosquito

8.  Most prevallent in south african countries, and tarai
region of Nepal
 Controll measure:
1) control of host
a)clean the surrounding
b)fishes gambusia
2) mosquito net
3) mosquito coils and other mosquito repellants

10. DENGUE FEVER
 Causative agent: dengue virus
•Hosts:
1)Primary host:
2)Secondary host:
•Infective stage:

16. FILARIASIS
Causative agent: Waucheria bancrofti
Host:
1)primary host:
2)secondary host:
INFECTIVE STAGE:

18. FLIES & VBDS
 African sleeping sickness- african trypnosome
parasite- tsetse fly bite
 Enteric bacteria diseases-housefly- food
contamination
-vibrio cholerae(cholera), typhoid fever(salmonella
typhi),shigella sp.(Bacterial dysentery)
 Onchoceriasis (river blindness)- helminth- black fly
bite

20. LICE & VBDS-TYPHUS FEVER
 Agent: ricketssia prowazeckii
 vector:body lice
Pediculus humanus corporis
 Associated with poor sanitation and lice
infestation(ectoparasite cariage)
-Transmitted by louse feces penetratingskin or inhaled in dust
 Controlled with insectidial body powder and
improved sanitation
 Other louse borne diseases
-Trench fever- Bartonella quintana
-Relapsing fever-borrelia recurrentensis

21. TRENCH FEVER
 Caused by: Bartonella quintana
 Used in world war I
 Transmitted by Pediculus humanus(Louse)

22. FLEAS & VBDS – PLAGUE
 Plague-pastaurella(now Yersinia) pestis(Gr. –ve bacterium)
 Fleas carried on rats and other rodents
-Zoonosis
-Rats bitten by fleas become infected and dies
-Rats then hop onto Humans , biting (taking a blood meal) and
infecting with P.pestis
 Bubonic plague:flea bite-infection- lymph node-swelling called
buboes-septicemia-fever bubonic plague-dark patches on skin-called
“black death”
 Pneumonc plague;secondary spread to lungs can result in
pneumonia and ability to spread via respiratory secretion and
droplets, resulting in person to person spread as “pneumonic plague”
 Concern as a bioterroism agent

23. YERSINA PESTIS
 Caused by gram –ve, non sporing,non motile,short
coccobacillus pasturella pestis
 Plaque
 Host: Rattus rattus (Rats)
 Treatment: antibiotics like
aminoglycosides,chloramphenicol,co-
trimoxazole,tetracyclin.

24. CONTROL:
 Control of the vector:
1)rats can be killed by rat poisons
2)Fleas by the libral application of insectisides to
run rat
3)Construction of rat proof dwelling houses
4)fumigation of ships and aircrafts

25. Yersina/pastaurella
plague
Bubonic plague

26. TICKS & VBDS
 Rocky mountain spotted fever- Rickettsia-tick bite
-causes systemic infection with fever, nausea,vomiting,muscle
pain,lack of appetite,severe headache;later ;rash,abdominal
pain,joint pain,diarrhea
 Lyme disease-spirochete bacterium- Borrelia burgdorferi-tick
bite leads systemic disease with fever,headache,fatigue and a
characteristic skin rashn called “Erythema migrans”
-Untreated, infection can spread to joints,the heart and the
nervous system; Neurological sequelae
 Erlichiosis-Ehrlichis chaffeenis- a bacterium
-Infection causes systemic illness with fever,headache,fatigue
and muscle aches
-also nausea,vomitting,cough,joint pains, confusion and
ocassionally rash.
 Q fever :coxiella burnetti-zoonotic

27. REFRENCES
 Journals
 Internet
- www.cdc.gov
- www.who.int
 library