A very effective ppt on communicable and non-communicable diseases with a lot of new things to know. Very useful for school students of class 9,8,7 th.

1. DEAR MADAM/SIR,
YOU ARE REQUESTED NOT
TO PRESS ANY KEY DURING THE
SLIDE SHOW .
THANK YOU…….
#LALIT KUMAR

2. -SCIENCE PRESENTATION BY LALIT KUMAR
CLASS-IX
 SEC-A
ROLL NO. -18
DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL,
KALINGA

3. TOPIC: COMMUNICABLE AND
NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
Points that we will see in this presentation
 What are communicable and non-communicable diseases?
 How communicable diseases spread?
 How non-communicable diseases are caused?
 Examples of some communicable and non-communicable
diseases and some points about them
 What are the symptoms of communicable diseases and non-
communicable diseases?
 How to prevent communicable and non-communicable diseases?
INTRODUCTION
#Lalit Kumar

4. What are communicable diseases?
 Communicable diseases are diseases that spread from
a disease infected person to a healthy person.
 Diseases that are “catching”.
 Communicable diseases are diseases that are caused by
‘germs’ or ‘pathogens’.
#Lalit Kumar

5. How Communicable Diseases Spread?
#Communicable
diseases spread
through
different ways.
#These are some
ways-
 They spread through ‘direct contact’ , i.e. when one
infected person directly comes in contact with a healthy
person
 They spread through ‘indirect contact’ also. Indirect
contact include through coughing and sneezing,
different means like air and water.
 They are spread by carriers .
Carriers are those who spread disease through
them. E.g. Mosquitoes-malaria and dengue
House Flies-
#Lalit Kumar

6. Chicken
Pox
Conjuncti
vitis(Pink
Eye)
Coryza
Diphtheri
a
Cholera
Tuberculo
sis
Viral
Hepatitis
A
Filariasis Aids Malaria
#Lalit Kumar

7. diseases……
#LalitKumar

8. Lets know more
#Lalit Kumar
:MOSQUITOES:
 A small flying insect that bites people and animals and suck their blood.
 Mosquito is a monophagus animal , i.e. they can only feed on one type of food.
They live in swampy areas and dirty and dark places.
The Female Anopheles mosquito causes malaria.
MALARIA-
Malaria is a life threatening parasitic disease transmitted by mosquitoes. It was once
thought the disease came from fetid marshes, hence the name mal aria, (bad air).
HISTORY OF MALARIA:
*Malaria was first discovered in South Africa.*
.In 1880, scientists discovered the real cause of malaria is a unicellular parasite called
‘Plasmodium’.
Later Sir Ronald Ross in 1902 predicted that the parasite is transmitted from person
to person through the bite of a ‘female Anopheles mosquito, which requires blood to
nature her eggs.
After lots of research scientists found four types of plasmodium.
1. Plasmodium Falciparum
2. Plasmodium Vivax
3. Plasmodium Ovale
4. Plasmodium Malariae

9. Lets know more
SYMPTOMS OF MALARIA:
Malaria symptoms appear about 9-14 days after the infectious mosquito bite,
although this varies with different Plasmodium species.
Typically, malaria produces fever, shivering, pain in the joints and headache.
 Once the parasite is killed, the symptoms disappear.
WORKING OF PLASMODIUM:
Plasmodium reproduces in two ways:
1) Asexual reproduction is done in human body(primary host)
2) Sexual reproduction in mosquito(secondary host)
#Plasmodium is a host specific #
The female parasite enters the human host when an infected Anopheles mosquito takes
a blood meal. Inside the human host, it releases Sporozoite. Sporozoite evades the
immune system, infects the liver and produces Cryptosporozoite. Then
‘cryptosporozoite’ changes to ‘cryptozoite’ and it will go to the fourth stage
‘Cryptomerozoite’ in the liver.
Then after 17 days, the cryptomerozoite comes out and attacks the RBC and new liver
cells.
When cryptomerozoite attacks the RBC, ‘Schizont’ is formed. It then undergoes
different stages like ‘Cryptoshinzont’ and then ‘Merozoit’. Then after 45 days, body
temperature becomes 106°F from 102°F.

10. 6/5/2016
COMMUNICABLE DISEASES CAN BE
PREVENTED BY APPROPRIATE MEASURES
WHICH INCLUDE :
 Good Site Planning.
Provision Of Basic Clinical Services.
Provision For Appropriate Shelter.
Clean Water Supply.
Sanitation.
Mass Vaccination Against Specific Diseases.
Regular And Sufficient Food Supply.
Control Of Vectors.
#LALIT KUMAR

11. #LALIT KUMAR

12. What Are Non-Communicable Diseases?
 Non-communicable disease (NCD) is a medical condition or disease
that is non-infectious or non-transmissible.
NCDs can refer to chronic diseases which last for long periods of time and
progress slowly.
These can not be transmitted from one individual to other.
These diseases are caused by :
•Lack of certain essential substances in our diet, e.g. proteins,
vitamins, minerals (deficiency diseases).
•Uncontrolled growth of tissues in body parts (cancer)
•Defects in the metabolic functioning of body.
•Injury and damage to any part of the body by accidents.
#LALIT KUMAR

13. Some Non-communicable
Diseases
#LALIT KUMAR

14. Lets know more
:KWASHIORKOR:PROTEIN DEFICIENCY DISEASE
INTRODUCTION:
Kwashiorkor is a form of malnutrition caused by inadequate protein intake.
It is also know as protein malnutrition; Protein-calorie malnutrition; Malignant
malnutrition.
Severe kwashiorkor may leave a child with permanent mental and physical disabilities.
There is good statistical evidence that malnutrition early in life permanently decreases
IQ.
It occurs in the children from one to five years.

15. Lets know more
:KWASHIORKOR:PROTEIN DEFICIENCY DISEASE
CAUSE OF KWASHIORKOR:
Kwashiorkor occurs most commonly in areas of famine, limited food supply, and low
levels of education, which can lead to inadequate knowledge of proper diet.
SYMTOMS :
Early symptoms of any type of malnutrition are very general and include fatigue,
irritability, and lethargy. As protein deprivation continues, growth failure, loss of muscle
mass, generalized swelling (edema), and decreased immunity occurs.
A large, protuberant belly is common. Skin conditions (such as dermatitis, changes in
pigmentation, thinning of hair, and vitiligo) are seen frequently. Shock and coma
precede death.
PREVENTION:
Improving calorie and protein intake will correct kwashiorkor, provided that treatment
is not started too late. However, full height and growth potential will never be achieved
in children who have had this condition.

16. Lets know more
:KWASHIORKOR:PROTEIN DEFICIENCY DISEASE
CAUSE OF KWASHIORKOR:
Kwashiorkor occurs most commonly in areas of famine, limited food supply, and low
levels of education, which can lead to inadequate knowledge of proper diet.
SYMTOMS :
Early symptoms of any type of malnutrition are very general and include fatigue,
irritability, and lethargy. As protein deprivation continues, growth failure, loss of muscle
mass, generalized swelling (edema), and decreased immunity occurs.
A large, protuberant belly is common. Skin conditions (such as dermatitis, changes in
pigmentation, thinning of hair, and vitiligo) are seen frequently. Shock and coma
precede death.
PREVENTION:
Improving calorie and protein intake will correct kwashiorkor, provided that treatment
is not started too late. However, full height and growth potential will never be achieved
in children who have had this condition.

17. Lets know more
:GOITER:
MINERAL DEFICIENCY DISEASE
INTRODUCTION:
Goiter is an enlargement of the thyroid gland that is
NOT associated with inflammation or cancer.
CAUSE:
It is caused by deficiency of thyroxin hormone.
There are different kinds of goiters. A simple goiter usually occurs when the thyroid
gland is not able to produce enough thyroid hormone to meet the body’s
requirements. The thyroid gland compensates by enlarging, which usually overcomes
mild deficiencies of thyroid hormone.
Hereditary factors may cause goiters.
RISK FACTORS:
Risk factors for the development of a goiter include female sex, age over 40 years,
inadequate dietary intake of iodine, residence in an endemic area, and a family
history of goiter.
SYMPTOMS:
•Thyroid enlargement varying from a single small nodule to massive enlargement
(neck lump).
•Breathing difficulties,cough,or sneezing due to compression of the trachea.
•Swallowing difficulties due to compression of the esophagus.
•Neck vein distention and dizziness when the arms are raised above the head.
PREVENTION:
The use of iodized table salt prevents endemic goiter.
:SCURVY:
VITAMIN DEFICIENCY DISEASE
INTRODUCTION:
Scurvy, also called Vitamin C deficiency, is one of the most serious disease
affecting teenagers today.
CAUSE:
It is caused by a dietary lack of vitamin C (ascorbic acid), a nutrient found in
many fresh fruits and vegetables, particularly the citrus fruits.
Ascorbic acid is important in the formation of collagen (an element of normal
tissues), and any deficiency interferes with normal tissue synthesis.
SYMPTOMS:
Scurvy is characterized by swollen and bleeding gums with loosened teeth,
soreness and stiffness of the joints and lower extremities, bleeding under the skin
and in deep tissues, slow wound healing and anemia.
PREVENTION:
In take of vitamin C in adequate amount in diet.

19. IDEA-
•Om Prakash Gupta
•Priti Laxmi Gupta
•Ashutosh Patra
GUIDEANCE-
•Neeta Khandelwal
•Puja Ma’am
•Rajendra Shah
•Saroj Kumar Nayak
•B Kamalakanta Sahoo
DATA SITES-
•www.wikipedia.com
•www.science.com
•www.google.comcommunicable-diseases
•www.globalhealth.gov/global-health-topics/communicable-diseases
•www.globalhealth.gov/global-health-topics/non-communicable-diseases
DATA BOOKS-
•Fiitjee Class-IX Phase-III Material
•Fiitjee Class-IX Compendium
•Akash Class-IX Biology Material