Malaria is an infectious disease transmitted through mosquito bites that causes symptoms like fevers and vomiting. It disproportionately affects Sub-Saharan Africa. Sickle cell anemia is a genetic, non-infectious blood disorder that causes red blood cells to deform into a sickle shape, which can cause anemia. It is most common in people of African and Mediterranean descent. Cancer is caused by abnormalities in cell growth and can be due to environmental or genetic factors. While treatments exist, there is no single cure. Zika virus is an emerging mosquito-borne disease causing mild symptoms like rash and fever. It originated in Africa and Asia and has no specific treatment.
AS Level Biology - 10/11) Infectious Diseases and ImmunityArm Punyathorn
Finally, to end the AS level syllabus - learn about the diseases that pose threats not only to ourselves but to the community as a whole for being contagious. Also learn about how our body organizes a military section to protect us - discover how the army can be come turncoat and how espionage and information collection can be helpful in secondary responses.
AS Level Biology - 10/11) Infectious Diseases and ImmunityArm Punyathorn
Finally, to end the AS level syllabus - learn about the diseases that pose threats not only to ourselves but to the community as a whole for being contagious. Also learn about how our body organizes a military section to protect us - discover how the army can be come turncoat and how espionage and information collection can be helpful in secondary responses.
This is a presentation designed to help explain the section of the Edexcel IGCSE Biology course about classification in the variety of living organisms section. For more help with IGCSE Biology please visit mrexham.com
AS Level Biology - 8) Transport in MammalsArm Punyathorn
You're probably quite familiar with how the heart work as a pump to transport blood around your body by now. In AS level, you will take this understanding to the next level - understanding the intricate system and the processes that goes on every time you draw a breathe.
This is a presentation designed to help explain the section of the Edexcel IGCSE Biology course about classification in the variety of living organisms section. For more help with IGCSE Biology please visit mrexham.com
AS Level Biology - 8) Transport in MammalsArm Punyathorn
You're probably quite familiar with how the heart work as a pump to transport blood around your body by now. In AS level, you will take this understanding to the next level - understanding the intricate system and the processes that goes on every time you draw a breathe.
Like Membrane, this is one of the shorter topics with less content to go through. More or less an extension of the mamal transport system, the gas exchange system should still be seen as an individual self-serving/ self-functioning system worthy of its own spotlight.
Non-Infectious Disease
Not caused by pathogens
Cannot be transmitted to other species
Malnutrition, Avitaminoses, Heavy Metals etc. are responsible
Risk factors:
Genetics
Life-style
Environmental factors
Genetic Risk Factors
Determined by genes
Familial Disease Tendency
Disease runs in species
Recessive gene disorders
Down syndrome
Born with extra chromosome
Sex-linked disorders
Linked to x chromosome (female)
Can be recessive in females
Color blindness, hemophilia, & muscular dystrophy
HPV infection, cervical abnormalities, and cancer in HIV-infected women in Mu...Dr.Samsuddin Khan
Background: HIV-infected women are at a higher risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cancer than women in the general population, partly due to a high prevalence of persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. The aim of the study was to assess the burden of HPV infection, cervical abnormalities, and cervical cancer among a cohort of HIV-infected women as part of a routine screening in an urban overpopulated slum setting in Mumbai, India.
Methods: From May 2010 to October 2010, Médecins Sans Frontières and Tata Memorial Hospital Mumbai offered routine annual Pap smears and HPV DNA testing of women attending an antiretroviral therapy (ART) clinic and a 12-month follow-up. Women with abnormal test results were offered cervical biopsy and treatment, including treatment for sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
Results: Ninety-five women were screened. Median age was 38 years (IQR: 33–41); median nadir CD4-count 143 cells/µL (IQR: 79–270); and median time on ART 23 months (IQR:10–41). HPV DNA was detected in 30/94 women (32%), and 18/94 (19%) showed either low-grade or high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL/HSIL) on Pap smear. Overall, >50% had cervical inflammatory reactions including STIs. Of the 43 women with a cervical biopsy, eight (8.4%) had CIN-1, five (5.3%) CIN-2, and two (2.1%) carcinoma in situ. All but one had HPV DNA detected (risk ratio: 11, 95% confidence interval: 3.3–34). By October 2011, 56 women had completed the 12-month follow-up and had been rescreened. No new cases of HPV infection/LSIL/HSIL were detected.
Conclusion: The high prevalence of HPV infection, STIs, and cervical lesions among women attending an ART clinic demonstrates a need for routine screening. Simple, one-stop screening strategies are needed. The optimal screening interval, especially when resources are limited, needs to be determined.
The development of Vascular plant allows the kingdom of plant to not only spread but conquer the world. The fascinating efficiency of the plant transport system is one that should be a joy for anyone to study,
Hey , Iam Jomy George, a BSN IIIrd year student. I've prepared this ppt for my OBG seminar and I thought it might be alright if I share this with you all. Hoping that it will be informative.
Thank you.
Just one bite of a mosquito can take us closer to death. Don't let that happen to anyone. Happy World Malaria Day. The only way to celebrate the occasion of World Malaria Day is by joining hands against this disease.
Communicable and Non-communicable diseasesKumarlalit750
A very effective ppt on communicable and non-communicable diseases with a lot of new things to know. Very useful for school students of class 9,8,7 th.
PAIN MANAGEMENT IN SICKLE CELL DISEASE AND CRISIS.pptxCampusHub360
Sickle cell disease is a public health disease, it is not new to most of us, some of us have relatives, friends or even colleagues who suffer from sickle cell disease while some have nursed these people. Sickle cell disease poses significant challenges to the global population health. It contributes significantly to the morbidity and mortality of pediatric and adult population.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
3. Highlights
• Malaria is a life-threatening disease that’s typically
transmitted through the bite of an infected Anopheles
mosquito.
• Malaria is usually found in tropical and subtropical
climates where the parasites that cause it live.
• Congenital malaria occurs when a mother with malaria
passes on the disease to her baby at birth.
4. What causes Malaria?
• Infected mosquitoes carry the Plasmodium parasite.
When this mosquito bites you, the parasite is released
into your bloodstream.
• Malaria is transmitted by blood, so it can also be
transmitted through:
1) An organ transplant
2) A transfusion
3) Use of shared needles or syringes
5. Symptoms of Malaria
Common symptoms of malaria include:
• shaking chills that can range from moderate to severe
• high fever
• profuse sweating
• headache
• nausea
• vomiting
• diarrhea
• anemia
• muscle pain
• convulsions
• coma
• bloody stools
6. Complications caused by Malaria
• swelling of the blood vessels of the brain, or cerebral
malaria
• an accumulation of fluid in the lungs that causes breathing
problems, or pulmonary edema
• organ failure of the kidneys, liver, or spleen
• anemia due to the destruction of red blood cells
• low blood sugar
7. Where Malaria strikes
• The area with the most cases of malaria is the Sub-
Saharan Africa. It carries 88% of the world’s cases of
malaria, and 90% of deaths caused by malaria.
9. Highlight
• Sickle cell anemia is a serious inherited blood disorder
where the red blood cells, which carry oxygen around the
body, develop abnormally.
• Symptoms of anemia include lethargy (a lack of energy),
tiredness and breathlessness, particularly after exercise.
10. Inheritance disease
• Anemia is a disease which can be inherited from either
one or both parents down to their children. However,
children inheriting the disease does not show any
particular symptoms towards the sickness.
• This disease is more common amongst people of African
and Mediterranean descendants.
• It is also the most common inherited disease for people in
general.
11. What happens to the cells
• Cells in tissues need a steady supply of oxygen to work
well. Normally, hemoglobin in red blood cells takes up
oxygen in the lungs and carries it to all the tissues of the
body.
• Red blood cells that contain normal hemoglobin are disc
shaped. This shape allows the cells to be flexible so that
they can move through large and small blood vessels to
deliver oxygen.
• Sickle hemoglobin is not like normal hemoglobin. It can
form stiff rods within the red cell, changing it into a
crescent, sickle shape.
• Sickle-shaped cells are not flexible and can stick to vessel
walls, causing a blockage that slows or stops the flow of
blood. When this happens, oxygen can’t reach nearby
tissues.
12. Chances on a child
With each pregnancy, two people with sickle cell traits
have:
• A 25 percent chance of having an unaffected child with
normal hemoglobin
• A 50 percent chance of having a child who also is a
carrier
• A 25 percent chance of having a child with sickle cell
anemia
13. Treatment of sickle cell anemia
• People suffering from sickle cell anemia will most likely be
recommended to go to a hospital and get treatment.
• Hydroxycarbamide (serious cases where the anemia
does not respond to other treatment)
• Blood transfusions
• Applications of oxygen, pain-killing drugs and IV fluid
treatment
15. Highlight
• Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell
division and growth with the potential to invade or spread
to other parts of the body.
• Possible signs and symptoms include: a new lump,
abnormal bleeding, a prolonged cough, unexplained
weight loss, and a change in bowel movements among
others
16. Cause
• The great majority of cancers, some 90–95% of cases, are due
to environmental factors. The remaining 5–10% are due
to inherited genetics.
• Environmental: Tobacco (25–30%), diet and obesity (30–
35%), infections (15–20%), radiations (up to 10%), stress, lack of
physical activity, and environmental pollutions.
17. Inheritance?
Usually cancer is not inherited. However, some people are born with an
increased risk of cancer because they inherit an altered gene important
for cell growth or for repair of damaged DNA.
18. Cure
There are many ways in which cancer is treated. All according to which type
of cancer the person if suffering and how severe it is. Some of the most
acknowledge ways are:
• Surgery.
• Radiation Therapy.
• Chemotherapy.
• Immunotherapy.
• Targeted Therapy.
• Hormone Therapy.
• Stem Cell Transplant.
• Precision Medicine
20. Highlight
• Zika virus disease is caused by a virus transmitted
by Aedes mosquitoes.
• People with Zika virus disease usually have symptoms that can
include mild fever, skin rashes, conjunctivitis, muscle and joint pain,
malaise or headache. These symptoms normally last for 2-7 days.
• There is no specific treatment or vaccine currently available.
• The best form of prevention is protection against mosquito bites.
• The virus is known to circulate in Africa, the Americas, Asia and the
Pacific.
21. Where it originated
Zika virus is an emerging mosquito-borne virus that was first identified
in Uganda in 1947 in rhesus monkeys through a monitoring network of
sylvatic yellow fever. It was subsequently identified in humans in 1952
in Uganda and the United Republic of Tanzania.
22. Symptoms
The symptoms to Zika is similar to the symptoms of other mosquito-
borne diseases which are:
Fever
Skin rashes
Conjunctivitis
Muscle and joint pain
Malaise
Headache
These symptoms are usually mild and last for 2-7 days.
23. Cure
There has no definite cure against Zika. However, people are
encouraged to reduce contact with mosquito by:
-Using insect repellent regularly
-Wearing clothes (preferably light-coloured) that cover as much of the
body as possible.
-Using physical barriers such as window screens, closed doors and
windows; and if needed, additional personal protection, such as
sleeping under mosquito nets during the day.
-Empty, clean or cover containers regularly that can store water, such
as buckets, drums, pots etc.
