This document discusses communicable diseases, which are diseases that can be spread from one person to another. It provides examples of common communicable diseases like the flu, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, measles, hepatitis, and polio. For each disease, it discusses how the disease is transmitted or spread from person to person, typical symptoms, those most at risk, methods of prevention, and other key details. Overall, the document aims to educate about common communicable diseases, how they are contracted and spread between individuals, and important prevention strategies.

1. Communicable
Disease
Physical Health

2. Starter
1. Where is the first place you should usually
start when reading a food label?
2. List two things you can do to avoid portion
distortion
3. List two of the problems we talked about
with fad diets
4. T/F: We should make sure that we are
getting plenty of calorie dense foods in our
diet

3. Why do we get sick?
 What are factors in us getting sick?

4. What is a disease?
 a condition that prevents the body or mind
from working normally

5. How many are there?
 Not sure of exact number possible but A
LOT!!!

6. Pathogen
 A biological agent that causes disease or
illness to its host.

7. How are pathogens spread?
 Droplets from nose
 Direct contact
 Contaminated food
 Contaminated water
 By body fluids
 Vectors

8. Communicable Disease
 a disease that can be communicated from
one person to another
 Examples
 HIV/AIDS
 H1N1
 STD
 Measles
 Flu
 Rabies

9. Poster Board Activity
 What is it your disease?
 How is it transmitted?
 How does someone know they have it
(symptoms)?
 How can it be prevented?
 Any treatments?
 1 interesting fact or statistic
 * Each person must present at least 1 thing!*

10. What effect do they have?
 Economic effect = billions of dollars a year in
treatment, sick leave, etc.
 Social effect = some are untreatable/incurable
 you have them for LIFE
 Physical effect = varies depending on the
disease

11. Flu (Influenza)
 The flu is a contagious respiratory illness
caused by influenza viruses that infect the
nose, throat, and lungs.

13. How the Flu Spreads
 Most experts believe that flu viruses spread
mainly by droplets made when people with
flu cough, sneeze or talk. These droplets can
land in the mouths or noses of people who
are nearby. Less often, a person might also
get flu by touching a surface or object that
has flu virus on it and then touching their
own mouth, eyes or possibly their nose.

15. Prevention
 Wash Hands
 Get Vaccinated
 Stay home if sick
 Cough and sneeze into sleeve

16. HIV and AIDS (in the US)
 Number of new AIDS cases: 33,015 (2010)
 Number of deaths: 8,369
 How is it transmitted?
 Contact with: blood, semen, vaginal fluid, breast
milk, sharing needles.

17. Prevention
 One sexual Partner – EVER!
 No sharing needles
 GET TESTED!!!!

18. Tuberculosis
 Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by a bacterium
called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The
bacteria usually attack the lungs, but TB
bacteria can attack any part of the body such
as the kidney, spine, and brain. If not treated
properly, TB disease can be fatal.

19. How is it spread?
 TB is spread through the air from one person
to another. The TB bacteria are put into the air
when a person with TB disease of the lungs or
throat coughs, sneezes, speaks, or sings.
People nearby may breathe in these bacteria
and become infected.

20. TB is NOT spread by
 shaking someone’s hand
 sharing food or drink
 touching bed linens or toilet seats
 sharing toothbrushes
 kissing

21. Symptoms
 a bad cough that lasts 3 weeks or longer
 pain in the chest
 coughing up blood or sputum
 weakness or fatigue
 weight loss
 no appetite
 chills
 fever
 sweating at night

22. Who is at risk?
 Has HIV infection;
 Has been recently infected with TB bacteria
(in the last 2 years);
 Has other health problems, like diabetes, that
make it hard for the body to fight bacteria;
 Abuses alcohol or uses illegal drugs
 Was not treated correctly for TB infection in
the past

23. Measles
 A childhood infection caused by a virus
 Once quite common, measles can now almost always
be prevented with a vaccine.
 Signs and symptoms of measles include cough, runny
nose, inflamed eyes, sore throat, fever and a red,
blotchy skin rash.
 While death rates have been falling worldwide as
more children receive the measles vaccine, the
disease still kills more than 100,000 people a year,
most under the age of 5.

25. Hepatitis
 Hepatitis A. This type won’t lead to long-term infection and
usually doesn’t cause any complications. Your liver heals in
about 2 months. You can prevent it with a vaccine
 Hepatitis B. Most people recover from this type in 6 months.
Sometimes though, it causes a long-term infection that could
lead to liver damage. Once you’ve got the disease, you can
spread the virus even if you don’t feel sick. You wont catch it if
you get a vaccine.
 Hepatitis C. Many people with this type don't have any
symptoms. About 80% of those with the disease get a long-
term infection. It can sometimes lead to cirrhosis, a scarring of
the liver. There's no vaccine to prevent it.

26. Hepatitis
 People may become ill decades after initial infection,
viral hepatitis is sometimes referred to as a ‘silent
epidemic.’
 Responsible for more than one million deaths
annually, mostly in low- and middle- income
countries.
 Hepatitis B virus alone infects an estimated one in
three people worldwide.
 Hepatitis B and C cause roughly 80% of liver
cancers, and are an important cause of cirrhosis
(scarring) of the liver.
 Prevention: Hep B = Vaccine, Hep C = Screening

27. Polio
 Caused by a virus that invades the nervous
system
 Spread through contaminated food or water
 Preventable by vaccine
 Can’t be cured, but treatment may help
 FDR

28. What can I do?
1. Handle & Prepare Food Safely
2. Wash Hands Often
3. Clean & Disinfect Commonly Used Surfaces
4. Cough & Sneeze Into Your Sleeve
5. Don't Share Personal Items

29. 6. Get Vaccinated
7. Avoid Touching Wild Animals
8. Stay Home When Sick