In situ hybridization (ISH) is a technique used to localize specific nucleic acid sequences in fixed cells and tissues. There are two main types of ISH - fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) which uses fluorescent probes, and chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) which enables genetic information to be seen in the context of tissue morphology. Probes are single stranded DNA fragments labeled with radioactive or non-radioactive tags that are complementary to target DNA sequences, and ISH has applications in determining gene expression and identifying genetic loci.