This document discusses improving the organic production of vegetables. It describes various organic inputs that can be used such as compost, vermicompost, plant and fruit extracts. Specifically, it discusses the preparation and benefits of fermented plant juice, fermented fruit juice, fish amino acid, and manure tea. It also evaluates the nutrient content and shelf life of these organic liquid supplements. The document provides guidance on applying biopesticides derived from various plants to control pests organically. It evaluates the effects of different botanical extracts on vegetable yields and pest populations. Overall, the document provides information on developing organic vegetable production systems.

1. Improving the Production of
Organically Grown Vegetables
Ramon Magsaysay Center for Agricultural Resources and
Environment Studies, Central Luzon State University
Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija
Ellen S. Romero and Fe L. Porciuncula
May 24, 2016

2. ORGANIKONG PAGSASAKA
Ito ay isang sistema ng pagtatanim sa
pamamagitan ng organikong pamamaraan.

3. Organic Inputs – refers to any
sort of substance used by a
producer for soil fertility
management or for pest control.
 For example, inputs may
include soil amendments like
lime, mineral, calcium, compost
(Organic fertilizer and
vermicompost), plant and fruit
juice extracts.
 Some farmers may use animal
by-products like fish emulsion,
fishmeal, blood meal, bone
meal or meat meal.

4.  are solution of water soluble compound that
helps that the plant to grow healthy.
EXAMPLES OF ORGANIC
LIQUID SUPPLEMENTS
1. Plant Extracts
2. Fruit Juices
3. Fish Amino Acid
4. Manure Tea
5. Vermi Tea
6. Lactic Acid Bacteria Serum (LABS)
7. Calcium Phosphate (Ca Phos)
Organic Liquid Supplements

5. Fermented Plant Juice
Extract (FPJ)
is a liquid fertilizer made
from natural plant
materials.
It is produced through
fermentation of plant
leaves, grasses, auxiliary
buds and/or young fruits.
Benefits of Using FPJ
 Supply nutrients to the
plants that helps maintain
vigor in plants and
resistance against pests.
 It promotes beneficial
microbial activities in the
soil.
 It also helps to improve
soil quality and fertility
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1

6. Range of plants that can be used as FPJ
100,000-150,000
yeasts and bacteria
Mungbean
Kakawate
Camote tops
Katuray
Kangkong
Malunggay
Ipil-Ipil
Mungbean
Kakawate
C:N Ratio Total N P2O5 K2O
22.6 1.5-2 0.51 1.52
100,000 to
150,000

7. Weigh 1 kg of kakawate leaves
and shoots, then chop
Add molasses at a
ratio of 1:1
After a week, put the
mixture in a fine cloth,
then squeeze.
Put the kakawate extract in a
dark bottle. The fermented
extract is now ready to use.
FERMENTED KAKAWATE EXTRACT PREPARATION (FPJ)
Put the mixture in a clay pot
or plastic container, cover
and ferment for 7 days

8. Fermented Fruit Juice Extract (FFJ) is prepared in a
similar manner to fermented plant juice (FPJ).It is used
as foliar spray or drench to enhance fruit quality.
Benefits of Using FFJ
1. A good source of potassium which can
speed up plant’s absorption and results
to sweeter tasting fruits.
2. Helps maintain vigor in plants and
resistance against pests.
3. Adds to soil fertility and the advent of
good colonies of microorganisms.
2

9. Range of plants that can be used as FFJ
Squash Banana
Mango Papaya

10. Fermented Banana Extract Preparation (FFJ)
Weigh 1 kg of ripe banana fruit
without peel then chop
Add 1 kg molasses. Mix
After 7days, put the
mixture in a fine
cloth,then squeeze
on the juice.
Put the banana
extract in a dark
bottle. Do not
tighten the cap to
allow aeration and
prevent build up
of pressure. The
fermented fruit
extract will be
your stock
solution as
Potassium source
Put the mixture in a clay
pot or plastic container,
cover and ferment for 7
days

11. Fish Amino Acid (FAA) are entrails from fishes
Benefits of Using FAA
1. A good source of nitrogen
2. Serves as “growth hormone” for plant growth and
development
3. Used as foliar spray
4. Food of microorganisms
3

12. FISH AMINO
ACID (FAA)
PREPARATION
Put the
mixture
in a fine
cloth,
and
squeeze
on the
juice.
Weigh 1 kg
of fresh
uncooked
tilapia
entrails.
Add 1 kg of
molasses. Mix.
Put the mixture
in a clay pot,
cover and
ferment for 2
months
Put extract in a
dark bottle. The
fermented fish
extract is will
be your stock
solution as
Nitrogen and
Potassium
source.

13. Application of FPJ, FFJ and FAA
1. Mix 50 ml of the extracts per liter of clean water.
2. Spray on the leaves of plants using a clean sprayer
or drench on the soil every 10 days after planting
until two weeks after the last harvest.
3. Spray early in the morning at 4:00am—6:00 am or
in the afternoon at 5:00pm until sunset when the
microorganism are very active.
N (%) P (%) K (%)
Vegetative Stage 60 20 20
Flowering Stage 20 20 60

14. Nutrient
FAA
Months
1 2 3 4 5 6
N, % 0.45 0.36 0.39 0.25 0.27 0.27
P2O5, % 0.05 0.03 0.25 0.04 0.03 0.07
K2O, % 2.36 2.19 1.83 1.85 1.66 1.32
pH 4.6 4.5 4.6 4.3 4.6 4.4
Na, % 0.11 0.14 0.13 0.15 0.12 0.16
Zn, ppm 9.06 54.37 22.54 3.48 5.11 4.80
Cu, ppm 4.26 26.05 11.86 3.22 5.11 7.20
Mn,ppm 21.96 9.87 13.37 8.64 3.59 3.63
Fe, ppm 218.0 175.0 172.0 114.0 98.83 101.0
Shelf-life Studies on the nutrient analysis of the
different fermented extracts

15. Gather and weigh 30 kg of partially
decomposed carabao manure
Put the manure in a sack, then
tightly tie the sack
Put the tightly tied sack in a container.
Fill the container with 120 liters of
water, then put a cover and let it
ferment for 7 days
After 7 days,
remove the sack in
the container and
the fermented
manure tea is ready
for use
FERMENTED MANURE TEA PREPARATION
4

16. Application of Manure Tea
Spray the manure tea into the soil and
plant using ordinary sprayer, at 10 DAT
and repeat at weekly intervals.

17. EVALUATION

18. Initial Results of Analysis
Extracts %N %P2O5 %K2O TOTAL
FPJ 0.40 0.05 2.63 3.08
FFJ 0.32 0.04 2.64 3.00
Fish Amino
Acid
0.62 0.69 2.10 3.41
Mungbean 0.74 0.06 2.02 2.82
Soybean 0.91 0.07 1.94 2.92

19. Laboratory Experiment
Banana Extract
FFJ
Extracts
Colony forming units (cfu’s)
X10-3 X10-4 X10-5 X10-6 X10-7
Banana 44 15 21 3 0
Mango 29 3 1 0 0
Squash 81 18 3 4 1
FPJ TNTC TNTC 231 97 34
FFJ TNTC TNTC 164 142 133
FAA TNTC 142 17 1 4

20. FIELD EXPERIMENT

21.  are certain types of pesticides
derived from such natural
materials as animals, plants,
bacteria, and certain minerals.
BIO-PESTICIDES

22. Range of plants that can be used as botanical extracts
Marigold Yellow Ginger
Fire plant
Kakawate
Hot
pepper
Neem
Garlic Sweet basilNative ginger
Marigold Yellow Ginger
Fire plant
Kakawate
Hot pepper
Garlic BasilNative gingerOregano

23. Result of Research Conducted at RM CARES
Table 1. Effect of botanical extracts on yield of pechay
Treatment
Application
rate (ml/li of
water)
Weight of
marketable
plant/ 1m2 (g)
Weight of
non-
marketable
plant/ 1m2 (g)
Yield
(t/ha)
Garlic 50 1.2b 412.0ab 12.3b
Native ginger 50 1.4b 320.0abc 13.7b
Kangkong 50 1.3b 264.0bc 12.6b
Kakawate 50 2.3a 188.0c 22.5a
Hot pepper 50 1.4b 296.0abc 13.7b
Control (untreated) - 0.8c 200.0c 8.0c

24. Table 2. Effect of different botanical extract and EYCO combined with hot
pepper on the population of insects and yield on string beans.
Treatment
Leaf
Hopper
28
Spotted
Beetle
Marketable Pods (3m2)
Computed
Yield (t/ha)Number Weight (kg)
Organic soap + Hot
pepper
136c
(20.0%)
3bc
(70.0%)
239d
(0.8%)
27.0c
(1.9%)
5.4c
(1.9%)
EYCO + Hot pepper 145b
(14.7%)
2cd
(80.0%)
326a
(27.3%)
38.0a
(30.3%)
7.6a
(30.3%)
Kakawate + Hot
pepper
136c
(20.0%)
5b
(50.0%)
339a
(30.1%)
38.5a
(31.1%)
7.7a
(31.1%)
Kangkong + Hot
pepper
129d
(24.1%)
5b
(50.0%)
304b
(22.0%)
36.7a
(27.8%)
7.3a
(27.8%)
Fish emulsion + Hot
pepper
140b
(17.6%)
0d
(100%)
286c
(17.1%)
33.6b
(21.1%)
6.7b
(21.1%)
Control (untreated) 170a 10a 237d 26.5c 5.3c

25. Put in a blender, add water at a ratio of
1:1, then blend.
Weigh 1 kg of hot pepper, then chop.
Put the mixture in a fine cloth, then
squeeze.
Put the hot pepper extract in a dark bottle.
The extract is now ready to use.
Hot Pepper Extract Preparation

26. Weigh 1 kg of yellow ginger
and 250 g hot pepper. Crush or chop the yellow
ginger and hot pepper,
Mix the nutrients and put them in a clay
jar or plastic container, then add 1 kg of
molasses.
then grind using a blender
After 3 days, add 2.5 liters of gin or lambanog. Keep the
jar closed and sealed. After another 2 days, squeeze the
solid particles using fine cloth. Put in a bottle and the
OHN is ready to use.
Fermented Oriental Herbal Nutrient (OHN)
Using Yellow Ginger and Hot Pepper

27. Biopesticide Rate of Application Target Insects
Hot pepper 50 ml/li of H2O Leaf eating insects, ants, aphids,
caterpillars, flies, mealybugs,
armyworm, whitefly, diamond back
moth, sucking and chewing insects,
spotted beetles
Kakawate 50 ml/li of H2O Armyworm, cabbage looper,
caseworm, budworm, whorl maggots,
aphids, beetles, termites, whiteflies,
weevil
Yellow Ginger
(OHN)
30 ml/li of H2O Aphids, armyworm, semi-looper,
green leafhopper, mites, leaf roller,
rice stem borer, powdery mildew
Application of Biopesticides

28. Ampalaya
 RR Variety Araw ng pag-aani
Sta. Rita 45-55

31. Table 3. Effect of two Trichoderma species on the mycelia growth
of different pathogens from pechay, tomato and onion
 The promising results showed
that application of Trichoderma
in soil with the presence or
absence of pathogens can
control the adverse effect of
disease causing pathogens
*

32. ORGANIC VEGETABLE PRODUCTION
Ellen S. Romero
CLSU-RM-CARES

33. Iba’t-ibang Klase ng Gulay
d. Legumes o Legumbre
Cowpea, utaw, munggo at sitaw
e. Root, bulb at tuber crops/halamang ugat
Sibuyas, bawang, patatas, kamote,
labanos, karot at mani
f. Solanaceous Crops
Kamatis, talong at sili
a. Leafy Vegetables/Madahong gulay
 Petsay, mustasa, kangkong at letsugas
b. Cole Crops, Crucifers/Bulaklak gulay
 Chinese cabbage, cauliflower at broccoli
c. Cucurbits
 Pipino, patola, upo at ampalaya

34. Diversified Cropping –
Iba’t-ibang gulay sa isang
lote
Crop Rotation – Halinhinang
pagtatanim ng ibang gulay sa
susunod na taniman
Pamamaraan sa Organikong Paggugulayan
Intercropping – Pagtatanim ng iba’t-
ibang gulay sa loob ng plot
Mulching – Paglalagay ng
dayami o kilib sa ibabaw ng lupa

35. Paraan ng pagtatanim sa buto ng gulay:
a. Ipunla at paglipat tanim
(mamili ng mga halaman na mataas umani, me
resistensiya sa mga insekto at sakit at mga gustong
binibili ng mga mamimili)
b. Direct seeding o direktang pagtatanim

36. Gabay sa Pagtatanim sa Pamamagitan ng
Pagpupunla at Paglilipat tanim
 Ihanda ang potting media sa
pamamagitan ng pagsasala
ng organikong pataba, CRH
at garden soil at paghaluin ito
sa ratio na 1:1:1.
 Ilagay ang ginawang potting
media sa seedling tray .
Ihanda ang mga
materyales na gagamitin
gaya ng seedling trays
buto, organikong pataba,
CRH, lupa, vermicompost
tea, at vermicast.

37.  Maghanda ng lalagyan at ilagay
ang vemicompost tea.
 Ibabad ang seedling tray na may
potting media.
 Nakakatulong ang vermi tea
upang ito ang punla ay may
baon ng nutrihino sa kanyang
paglaki.
 Alisin ito sa lalagyan kung ang
buong media ay nabasa na.
 Guhitan ang basang
media na nasa tray .
 Maglagay ng 1-2 buto
sa ginuhitang media.
 Ibabawan ng kaunting
media pagkapunla ng
buto upang ito ay
matakpan.

38. Table 4. Percent germination of bitter gourd as influenced by
different potting media and teas

39.  Pagkalipas ng 25 na araw
at kapag ang ugat ay
nakadikit na sa potting
media, ito ay maari ng alisin
at itanim.
 Ingatan na huwag
masaktan ang ugat sa
paglilipat.
 Ibudbod ang 30 g na
vermicast isang linggo
pagkasibol ng buto
 Ang vermicast ay nakakatulong
upang maging berde ang mga
dahon ng punla.
 Diligin ito ng vermi tea kada 2
araw hanggang sa ito ay maari
ng ilipat.

40.  Maglagay ng
nararapat na
organikong pataba sa
bawat butas o sa
bawat plot (depende
sa gulay na itatanim)

41.  Magdilig ng ginawang OLS
sa sukat na 320ml/16L
weekly until two weeks after
the last harvest.
 Mag-isprey ng ginawang
OHN kada linggo o
dalawang beses sa isang
linggo sa sukat na 30 ml
kada litro ng tubig.
FPJ FFJ FAA

42. Weeding and Cultivation
 Hill-up at 14 days after
emergence. Spot weed
when necessary.
Irrigation: Irrigate the field
before transplanting and
weekly thereafter or as the
needs arise.
Harvesting: : Harvest the
fruits seven days after the
first flowering and every
two days thereafter

43. Gabay sa Direktang Pagtatanim ng Gulay

44. Paghahanda ng Buto:
 Ihanda ang butong
gagamitin.
 Maaaring ibabad ang buto
sa tubig ng buong
magdamag
hanggang isa to ay
mamaga upang mas
mapadali ang pagtubo.
 Ihanda ng maayos ang
pagtatamnan at lagyan ng
tamang dami ng
organikong pataba ayon sa
rekomendadong sukat.
 Maaring ring maglagay ng
dayami na pang mulch
upang maiwasan ng
pagtubo ng damo

45.  Maaring maglagay ng 2
dakot n organic fertilizer kada
butas kapag hindi pa
naaalisa ang lupa
Parehong cultural
management practices
sa lipat tanim and
susundin

46. Research Results

47. Crop
Solid OF
(t/ha)
OLS
(ml/16L)
Organic
Yield (t/ha)
Conventional
(t/ha)
Kamatis
(Rosanna)
5 320 26.9 30
Sitaw
(MTG1-1)
5 320 19.47 10
Ampalaya
(Sta. Rita)
5 320 26 30
Table 5. Organic yield of the different crops as influenced by
application of the solid OF + organic liquid supplement
(OLS)
Source Conventional: Techno guide for Agricultural Production and Livelihood Projects 2004

48. Formulation and Testing of Combined Organic Liquid
Supplement from Trichoderma spp. and Fermented Plant
and Seed Extracts on the Growth of Organic Pechay

50. Treatment
Number of
Marketable
Plants/ m2
Weight of
Marketable
Plants/ m2
(kg)
Number of
Non-
Marketable
Plants/m2
Weight of
Non-
Marketable
Plants/m2
(kg)
Com-
puted
Yield
(t/ha)
T1 – Control 59c 0.53c 20a 0.09 5.83c
T2 – Commercial OLS
(check)
84a 0.87b 15b 0.10 8.17b
T3 – 1:0.5 OLS (T.
longibrachiatum +
fermented plant and
seed extracts)
69b 0.93b 8b 0.09 9.80ab
T4 – 1:0.5 OLS (T.
asperellum + fermented
plant and seed extracts)
74b 1.23a 6b 0.10 12.00a
Table 6. Yield and yield components of pechay (t/ha) as affected
by the application of organic liquid supplement from Trichoderma
spp. in combination with fermented plant and seed extracts

51. ½ IFRR+1/2 OFRR + Tricho-Plus
70-20-20 IFRR+ 4.5 t/ha OFRR +
225 kg/ha Tricho-Plus
Going Organic-based in Onion Production: Testing and Promotion
Via S&T Based Demo Farms in Two Selected Onion Growing
Municipalities in Nueva Ecija
 Combination of
inorganic and organic
fertilizer in a
conventional area at the
ratio of 50%:50% or
25%:75% produced
similar yield of yield
7t/ha, the highest
among the different
treatment combination
evaluated.

52. Two split application of
organic fertilizer
(10t/ha) (basal & 30
DAT) for native
bittergourd and tomato
is recommended as
this generated
significant yield and
high return on
expenses.
Organic Fertilizer and Water Management for
Organic Vegetable Production

53. Table 7. Yield response of Rosanna var. of tomato in combination with OF,
vermicast and OLS.
The combination
of solid organic
fertilizer (8 t/ha OF
and 5 t/ha
vermicast) plus the
addition of 36 ml
FAA + 72 ml FPJ +
36 ml FFJ recorded
the highest yield of
23.71 t/ha during
dry season and
27.48 t/ha during
wet season.

54. Organic
Receptacle
Farming –
Ito ay pagtatanim
ng gulay na
itinatanim sa mga
recyclable na
lalagyan katulad ng
gulong, kawayan,
plastic containers,
at iba pa.

55. Rate: 5t/ha 8 kg soil + 20g OF + OLS from Tricho and
Fermented plant and seed extracts

79. Organic Vegetable Production

80. RM-CARES Organic Products