Presentation during the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) Seminar Series on January 23, 2020, at RDMIC Bldg., cor. Visayas Ave., Elliptical Rd., Diliman, Quezon City
Presentation during the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) Seminar Series on September 26, 2019, at RDMIC Bldg., cor. Visayas Ave., Elliptical Rd., Diliman, Quezon City
Presentation during the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) Seminar Series on July 25, 2019 at RDMIC Bldg., cor. Visayas Ave., Elliptical Rd., Diliman, Quezon City
Presentation during the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) Seminar Series on March 20, 2018 at RDMIC Bldg., cor. Visayas Ave., Elliptical Rd., Diliman, Quezon City
Presentation during the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) Seminar Series on June 23, 2016 at RDMIC Bldg., cor. Visayas Ave., Elliptical Rd., Diliman, Quezon City
Presentation during the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) Seminar Series on June 21, 2018 at RDMIC Bldg., cor. Visayas Ave., Elliptical Rd., Diliman, Quezon City
Presentation during the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) Seminar Series on July 25, 2019 at RDMIC Bldg., cor. Visayas Ave., Elliptical Rd., Diliman, Quezon City
Presentation during the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) Seminar Series on February 28, 2018 at RDMIC Bldg., cor. Visayas Ave., Elliptical Rd., Diliman, Quezon City
Presentation during the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) Seminar Series on September 26, 2019, at RDMIC Bldg., cor. Visayas Ave., Elliptical Rd., Diliman, Quezon City
Presentation during the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) Seminar Series on July 25, 2019 at RDMIC Bldg., cor. Visayas Ave., Elliptical Rd., Diliman, Quezon City
Presentation during the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) Seminar Series on March 20, 2018 at RDMIC Bldg., cor. Visayas Ave., Elliptical Rd., Diliman, Quezon City
Presentation during the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) Seminar Series on June 23, 2016 at RDMIC Bldg., cor. Visayas Ave., Elliptical Rd., Diliman, Quezon City
Presentation during the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) Seminar Series on June 21, 2018 at RDMIC Bldg., cor. Visayas Ave., Elliptical Rd., Diliman, Quezon City
Presentation during the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) Seminar Series on July 25, 2019 at RDMIC Bldg., cor. Visayas Ave., Elliptical Rd., Diliman, Quezon City
Presentation during the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) Seminar Series on February 28, 2018 at RDMIC Bldg., cor. Visayas Ave., Elliptical Rd., Diliman, Quezon City
Presentation during the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) 15th Agriculture and Fisheries Technology Forum and Product Exhibition Seminar Series on August 15, 2019 at BAR Grounds, cor. Visayas Ave., Elliptical Rd., Diliman, Quezon City
Lecture/demonstration sponsored by the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) during the 22nd International Agribusiness Exhibition and Seminars on October 15, 2015 held at the World Trade Center, Pasay City
“PHILMECH Compact Cornmill“
By: Dr. Romualdo Martinez, Dr. Michael Gragasin, and Engr. Jayvee Illustrisimo of Philippine Center for Postharvest Development and Mechanization (PhilMec)
Presentation during the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) Seminar Series on December 14, 2017 at RDMIC Bldg., cor. Visayas Ave., Elliptical Rd., Diliman, Quezon City
Presentation during the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) 14th Agriculture and Fisheries Technology Forum and Product Exhibition Seminar Series on September 1, 2018 at Megatrade Hall 2, SM Megamall, Mandaluyong City
Presentation during the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) 14th Agriculture and Fisheries Technology Forum and Product Exhibition Seminar Series on August 31, 2018 at Megatrade Hall 2, SM Megamall, Mandaluyong City
Presentation during the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) Seminar Series on February 28, 2018 at RDMIC Bldg., cor. Visayas Ave., Elliptical Rd., Diliman, Quezon City
Presentation during the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) 13th Agriculture and Fisheries Technology Forum and Product Exhibition Seminar Series on August 9, 2017 at BAR Grounds, cor. Visayas Ave., Elliptical Rd., Diliman, Quezon City
Presentation during the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) 14th Agriculture and Fisheries Technology Forum and Product Exhibition Seminar Series on August 31, 2018 at Megatrade Hall 2, SM Megamall, Mandaluyong City
Presentation during the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) Seminar Series on January 31, 2019 at RDMIC Bldg., cor. Visayas Ave., Elliptical Rd., Diliman, Quezon City
Many developing countries still have a significant quantity of land available that is well adapted to rain-fed crops – about as much as now is being farmed (over 1.7 billion acres). These lands do not include areas inhabited by human beings, forests, or protected areas.
If a country can produce and export biofuels, it will have a stronger economy and more resources to address the needs of the poor.
Africa, with its significant sugar cane/Cassava production potential, is often cited as a region that could profit from experience and technology, although obstacles to realizing it (infrastructure, institutional, etc.) should not be underestimated.
Harvest conditions: Effects on wheat quality and routes to addressing issues ...Milling and Grain magazine
For the 2013 crop of UK wheat, the weather during planting was poor hence, farmers sowed more spring wheat, but because the weather improved, the final crop quality was average.
Supply chain innovation in the cocoa industry - 2016daintreeestates
Research and innovation being undertaken by Australia's cocoa industry pioneer Daintree Cocoa Pty Ltd, is unlocking new efficiencies, value-adding and improved quality with global implications.
"In the non-manufacturing dairy industry, which primarily involves activities such as milk production, milk collection, and distribution, there are several risks that can impact the business.
Cocoa handling and derived products refer to the processes involved in the transportation, storage, and processing of cocoa beans to produce various cocoa-based products.
Stay in the Know: Unveiling the Latest Insights and Updates on the F&B industry with the latest edition of Tech-knowledge."
Presentation during the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) 15th Agriculture and Fisheries Technology Forum and Product Exhibition Seminar Series on August 15, 2019 at BAR Grounds, cor. Visayas Ave., Elliptical Rd., Diliman, Quezon City
Lecture/demonstration sponsored by the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) during the 22nd International Agribusiness Exhibition and Seminars on October 15, 2015 held at the World Trade Center, Pasay City
“PHILMECH Compact Cornmill“
By: Dr. Romualdo Martinez, Dr. Michael Gragasin, and Engr. Jayvee Illustrisimo of Philippine Center for Postharvest Development and Mechanization (PhilMec)
Presentation during the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) Seminar Series on December 14, 2017 at RDMIC Bldg., cor. Visayas Ave., Elliptical Rd., Diliman, Quezon City
Presentation during the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) 14th Agriculture and Fisheries Technology Forum and Product Exhibition Seminar Series on September 1, 2018 at Megatrade Hall 2, SM Megamall, Mandaluyong City
Presentation during the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) 14th Agriculture and Fisheries Technology Forum and Product Exhibition Seminar Series on August 31, 2018 at Megatrade Hall 2, SM Megamall, Mandaluyong City
Presentation during the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) Seminar Series on February 28, 2018 at RDMIC Bldg., cor. Visayas Ave., Elliptical Rd., Diliman, Quezon City
Presentation during the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) 13th Agriculture and Fisheries Technology Forum and Product Exhibition Seminar Series on August 9, 2017 at BAR Grounds, cor. Visayas Ave., Elliptical Rd., Diliman, Quezon City
Presentation during the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) 14th Agriculture and Fisheries Technology Forum and Product Exhibition Seminar Series on August 31, 2018 at Megatrade Hall 2, SM Megamall, Mandaluyong City
Presentation during the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) Seminar Series on January 31, 2019 at RDMIC Bldg., cor. Visayas Ave., Elliptical Rd., Diliman, Quezon City
Many developing countries still have a significant quantity of land available that is well adapted to rain-fed crops – about as much as now is being farmed (over 1.7 billion acres). These lands do not include areas inhabited by human beings, forests, or protected areas.
If a country can produce and export biofuels, it will have a stronger economy and more resources to address the needs of the poor.
Africa, with its significant sugar cane/Cassava production potential, is often cited as a region that could profit from experience and technology, although obstacles to realizing it (infrastructure, institutional, etc.) should not be underestimated.
Harvest conditions: Effects on wheat quality and routes to addressing issues ...Milling and Grain magazine
For the 2013 crop of UK wheat, the weather during planting was poor hence, farmers sowed more spring wheat, but because the weather improved, the final crop quality was average.
Supply chain innovation in the cocoa industry - 2016daintreeestates
Research and innovation being undertaken by Australia's cocoa industry pioneer Daintree Cocoa Pty Ltd, is unlocking new efficiencies, value-adding and improved quality with global implications.
"In the non-manufacturing dairy industry, which primarily involves activities such as milk production, milk collection, and distribution, there are several risks that can impact the business.
Cocoa handling and derived products refer to the processes involved in the transportation, storage, and processing of cocoa beans to produce various cocoa-based products.
Stay in the Know: Unveiling the Latest Insights and Updates on the F&B industry with the latest edition of Tech-knowledge."
Presentation by Dr Barry Kitchen at Contech 2012 in Melbourne, Australia.
Covers history of the fledgling cocoa industry in Australia, advances made and the future outlook. Confirms joint venture between Daintree Cocoa Pty Ltd and Australian Chocolate & Coffee Ingredients Pty Ltd to develop high quality Australian and Oceania origin chocolate products.
Announces the pre-launch of 'Oceania by Daintree Estates' chocolates from regional cocoa origins including Vanuatu, New Britain, Samoa, and the world's first 100% 'Product of Australia' chocolate.
Sugarcane Processing Technologies by Akram HossainAkram Hossain
Sugarcane (akh) a tall tropical perennial plant of the genus Saccharum, a member of the grass family Gramineae. Although there are three species of the genus that are cultivated for commercial production of sugar, S. officinarum is the most widely used species, and has probably been cultivated in Asia from prehistoric times. It has been grown extensively in the Indies and the Americas since the 18th century and is now cultivated in most warm humid areas. S. robustum, one of the wild species, grows in profusion in the New Guinea region. In appearance it resembles closely certain cultivated sugarcanes, but lacks their juiciness.
At present, sugarcane is cultivated in about 100 countries. The principal sugarcane growing countries are India, Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Barbados, China, Cuba, Mexico, Egypt, Jamaica, Peru, South Africa, and Hawaii, Florida, and Louisiana of the United States of America. In Bangladesh sugarcane is grown in about 0.38 million acres of land. The annual production of cane is about 5.5 million m tons. It is one of the most important cash crops of the country.
Barry Callebaut's Chocolate Sustainability Report 2014/15Barry Callebaut
Sustainability report documents Barry Callebaut’s progress in making cocoa and chocolate more sustainable
- Launched Cocoa Horizons Foundation and sustainable HORIZONS cocoa and chocolate products
- 159,000 tonnes of sustainable cocoa sourced – up 21% compared to previous year
- Over 70,000 farmers trained in better farming practices
Product Processing & Market Development. Soy Dairies, medium to large scale. Soy Physics and Economics. This presentation explains Comparative Dimensional Analysis freaming soty dimensions and variables into understandable information.
Presentation during the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) Seminar Series on September 26, 2019, at RDMIC Bldg., cor. Visayas Ave., Elliptical Rd., Diliman, Quezon City
Presentation during the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) 15th Agriculture and Fisheries Technology Forum and Product Exhibition Seminar Series on August 15, 2019 at BAR Grounds, cor. Visayas Ave., Elliptical Rd., Diliman, Quezon City
Presentation during the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) 15th Agriculture and Fisheries Technology Forum and Product Exhibition Seminar Series on August 15, 2019 at BAR Grounds, cor. Visayas Ave., Elliptical Rd., Diliman, Quezon City
Presentation during the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) 15th Agriculture and Fisheries Technology Forum and Product Exhibition Seminar Series on August 15, 2019 at BAR Grounds, cor. Visayas Ave., Elliptical Rd., Diliman, Quezon City
Presentation during the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) 15th Agriculture and Fisheries Technology Forum and Product Exhibition Seminar Series on August 15, 2019 at BAR Grounds, cor. Visayas Ave., Elliptical Rd., Diliman, Quezon City
Presentation during the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) 15th Agriculture and Fisheries Technology Forum and Product Exhibition Seminar Series on August 15, 2019 at BAR Grounds, cor. Visayas Ave., Elliptical Rd., Diliman, Quezon City
Presentation during the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) 15th Agriculture and Fisheries Technology Forum and Product Exhibition Seminar Series on August 15, 2019 at BAR Grounds, cor. Visayas Ave., Elliptical Rd., Diliman, Quezon City
Presentation during the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) 15th Agriculture and Fisheries Technology Forum and Product Exhibition Seminar Series on August 15, 2019 at BAR Grounds, cor. Visayas Ave., Elliptical Rd., Diliman, Quezon City
Presentation during the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) Seminar Series on July 25, 2019 at RDMIC Bldg., cor. Visayas Ave., Elliptical Rd., Diliman, Quezon City
Presentation during the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) Seminar Series on May 30, 2019 at RDMIC Bldg., cor. Visayas Ave., Elliptical Rd., Diliman, Quezon City
Presentation during the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) Seminar Series on May 30, 2019 at RDMIC Bldg., cor. Visayas Ave., Elliptical Rd., Diliman, Quezon City
Presentation during the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) Seminar Series on April 25, 2019 at RDMIC Bldg., cor. Visayas Ave., Elliptical Rd., Diliman, Quezon City
Presentation during the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) Seminar Series on December 13, 2018 at RDMIC Bldg., cor. Visayas Ave., Elliptical Rd., Diliman, Quezon City
Presentation during the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) Seminar Series on December 13, 2018 at RDMIC Bldg., cor. Visayas Ave., Elliptical Rd., Diliman, Quezon City
Presentation during the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) Seminar Series on November 29, 2018 at RDMIC Bldg., cor. Visayas Ave., Elliptical Rd., Diliman, Quezon City
Presentation during the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) Seminar Series on November 29, 2018 at RDMIC Bldg., cor. Visayas Ave., Elliptical Rd., Diliman, Quezon City
Presentation during the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) 14th Agriculture and Fisheries Technology Forum and Product Exhibition Seminar Series on September 1, 2018 at Megatrade Hall 2, SM Megamall, Mandaluyong City
Presentation during the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) 14th Agriculture and Fisheries Technology Forum and Product Exhibition Seminar Series on September 1, 2018 at Megatrade Hall 2, SM Megamall, Mandaluyong City
Presentation during the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) 14th Agriculture and Fisheries Technology Forum and Product Exhibition Seminar Series on September 1, 2018 at Megatrade Hall 2, SM Megamall, Mandaluyong City
Presentation during the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) 14th Agriculture and Fisheries Technology Forum and Product Exhibition Seminar Series on September 1, 2018 at Megatrade Hall 2, SM Megamall, Mandaluyong City
Russian anarchist and anti-war movement in the third year of full-scale warAntti Rautiainen
Anarchist group ANA Regensburg hosted my online-presentation on 16th of May 2024, in which I discussed tactics of anti-war activism in Russia, and reasons why the anti-war movement has not been able to make an impact to change the course of events yet. Cases of anarchists repressed for anti-war activities are presented, as well as strategies of support for political prisoners, and modest successes in supporting their struggles.
Thumbnail picture is by MediaZona, you may read their report on anti-war arson attacks in Russia here: https://en.zona.media/article/2022/10/13/burn-map
Links:
Autonomous Action
http://Avtonom.org
Anarchist Black Cross Moscow
http://Avtonom.org/abc
Solidarity Zone
https://t.me/solidarity_zone
Memorial
https://memopzk.org/, https://t.me/pzk_memorial
OVD-Info
https://en.ovdinfo.org/antiwar-ovd-info-guide
RosUznik
https://rosuznik.org/
Uznik Online
http://uznikonline.tilda.ws/
Russian Reader
https://therussianreader.com/
ABC Irkutsk
https://abc38.noblogs.org/
Send mail to prisoners from abroad:
http://Prisonmail.online
YouTube: https://youtu.be/c5nSOdU48O8
Spotify: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/libertarianlifecoach/episodes/Russian-anarchist-and-anti-war-movement-in-the-third-year-of-full-scale-war-e2k8ai4
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
Understanding the Challenges of Street ChildrenSERUDS INDIA
By raising awareness, providing support, advocating for change, and offering assistance to children in need, individuals can play a crucial role in improving the lives of street children and helping them realize their full potential
Donate Us
https://serudsindia.org/how-individuals-can-support-street-children-in-india/
#donatefororphan, #donateforhomelesschildren, #childeducation, #ngochildeducation, #donateforeducation, #donationforchildeducation, #sponsorforpoorchild, #sponsororphanage #sponsororphanchild, #donation, #education, #charity, #educationforchild, #seruds, #kurnool, #joyhome
Donate to charity during this holiday seasonSERUDS INDIA
For people who have money and are philanthropic, there are infinite opportunities to gift a needy person or child a Merry Christmas. Even if you are living on a shoestring budget, you will be surprised at how much you can do.
Donate Us
https://serudsindia.org/how-to-donate-to-charity-during-this-holiday-season/
#charityforchildren, #donateforchildren, #donateclothesforchildren, #donatebooksforchildren, #donatetoysforchildren, #sponsorforchildren, #sponsorclothesforchildren, #sponsorbooksforchildren, #sponsortoysforchildren, #seruds, #kurnool
This session provides a comprehensive overview of the latest updates to the Uniform Administrative Requirements, Cost Principles, and Audit Requirements for Federal Awards (commonly known as the Uniform Guidance) outlined in the 2 CFR 200.
With a focus on the 2024 revisions issued by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), participants will gain insight into the key changes affecting federal grant recipients. The session will delve into critical regulatory updates, providing attendees with the knowledge and tools necessary to navigate and comply with the evolving landscape of federal grant management.
Learning Objectives:
- Understand the rationale behind the 2024 updates to the Uniform Guidance outlined in 2 CFR 200, and their implications for federal grant recipients.
- Identify the key changes and revisions introduced by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) in the 2024 edition of 2 CFR 200.
- Gain proficiency in applying the updated regulations to ensure compliance with federal grant requirements and avoid potential audit findings.
- Develop strategies for effectively implementing the new guidelines within the grant management processes of their respective organizations, fostering efficiency and accountability in federal grant administration.
Presentation by Jared Jageler, David Adler, Noelia Duchovny, and Evan Herrnstadt, analysts in CBO’s Microeconomic Studies and Health Analysis Divisions, at the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists Summer Conference.
ZGB - The Role of Generative AI in Government transformation.pdfSaeed Al Dhaheri
This keynote was presented during the the 7th edition of the UAE Hackathon 2024. It highlights the role of AI and Generative AI in addressing government transformation to achieve zero government bureaucracy
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
A process server is a authorized person for delivering legal documents, such as summons, complaints, subpoenas, and other court papers, to peoples involved in legal proceedings.
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
2024: The FAR - Federal Acquisition Regulations, Part 37
From seed to bar: Cacao production and market opportunities
1. From Seed to Bar:
CACAO
PRODUCTION &
MARKET
OPPORTUNITIES
Prepared and Presented by
Josephine V. Ramos
Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) Seminar Series
January 23, 2010
2. I. CACAO INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
• Beans Production & supply
• Beans Market & Price
• Trends & Forecast
C
O
V
E
R
A
G
E
3. II. TECHNOLOGY & PRACTICES
Factors In Quality Cacao Beans Production
• Genetics (planting materials)
• Environment (Suitable farm site)
• Farm establishment & management (cropping
system, soil health & nutrients maintenance)
• Pest/diseases Management
• Post harvest practices (fermentation and drying)
C
O
V
E
R
A
G
E
4. III. TRANSFORMIMG CACAO BEANS INTO
CHOCOLATES
• Beans Cleaning
• Roasting
• Winnowing
• Grinding
• Pressing, Pulverizing
• Mixing with ingredients & Conching
• Molding
C
O
V
E
R
A
G
E
5. Over 70% of cocoa production takes place
in West African countries, particularly the
Ivory Coast and Ghana.
Cacao Industry Overview
11. 1. GOOD GENETIC MATERIAL
What is QUALITY in Cacao?
Technology & Practices
12. Planting materials or seedlings are the
primary investment of a farmer. Therefore,
the use of suitable planting and grafting materials is
critical.
Technology & Practices
13. NSIC Reg. No. Variety Name Pod Color (young) Pod Color (mature)
NSIC 1999 Cc 01 ICS-40 Green Yellow
NSIC 1999 Cc 02 UIT-1 Green Yellow
NSIC 1999 Cc 03 DR-1 Green Yellow
NSIC 1999 Cc 04 P7 Green Yellow
NSIC 1999 Cc 05 BR-25 Red with Green Yellow
NSIC 2001 Cc 06 K1 Red Yellow/Orange
NSIC 2001 Cc 07 K2 Red Yellow/Orange
NSIC 2008 Cc 08 UF 18 Red with Stripe White Edges Orange Yellow
NSIC 2008 Cc 09 S5 Green Yellow
NSIC 2008 Cc 10 K9 Light Green Light Green
NSIC 2014 Cc 11 PBC123 Red Orange Red
NSIC 2014 Cc 12 USM CH 1 Red Orange Yellow
NSIC 2014 Cc 13 USM CH 2 Red Orange Yellow
14.
15. Increases production, makes
tree maintenance easier and
reduces loses due to pest and
diseases, allowing farmers to
maximize their return.
1.0 Pruning
2. Good Agricultural Practices
Technology & Practices
23. Factors Influencing the Fermentation
Ripeness of the pods Quantity of beans
Quantity of pulp Type of cocoa
Duration of fermentation Turning
Seasonal effects/climate Pod’s diseases
Technology & Practices
25. Drying of Fermented Cacao Beans
Sun or Solar Dried Beans is preferred by buyers .
But it may not be possible to rely solely on sun dryng due to the
changes in weather condition in most cacao growing areas in the
Philippines especially during peak harvest season.
Reduction of moisture from 45% to 7%.
During the drying process, the excessive acidity is eliminated
through evaporation of acetic acid through the outer skin while it is
still moist.
Drying is actually an extended part of fermentation.
As long as there is enough moisture, flavor forming reactions in the
beans continue as well browning reaction that oxidize polyphenols
and leads to reduction of astringent and bitter taste.
Technology & Practices
27. Philippine Cacao Bean Grades
(PNS/BAFPS No. 58-2007)
Grade Bean
Count
(per 100 g)
Percentage of Beans
Moldy Slaty Defects such as
insect
damaged,infested
beans, and
germinated beans
1 A < = 100 3.0 3.0 2.5
1 B 101 - 120 3.0 3.0 2.5
2 A < = 100 4.0 8.0 5.0
2 B 101 - 120 4.0 8.0 5.0
Sub-Standard > 120 > 4 > 8 > 5.0
Note: The percentages are maximum; the percentages given in the last column apply to
all the defects mentioned therein, taken together. Code 1 – 2 denotes grade based on
defective characteristics. Code A and B stands for bean counts
Technology & Practices
28. Proper Storage
•The bags of cacao beans shall be stacked in such a way that
individual grades and lots are separated by a passage at least 60 cm
wide.
•Disinfestation by approved fumigant may be carried out.
•Prevent odor or flavor contamination
•Periodic checking of moisture level.
Proper bagging and storage of the processed beans is just as important as proper fermentation
and drying.
Technology & Practices
31. The bean-to-bar concept involves
different methods of production,
packaging and direct shipping or sales to
high-end outlets. Bean-to-bar enables a
small number of producers to add
significant amounts of value to their
cocoa production. This value addition for
cocoa producers is mainly done through
quality branding and packaging, and by
offering superior cacao qualities.
32.
33. CLEANING
to remove all extraneous material
Linisin ang mga buto ng Cacao.
The first step to actual manufacturing is cleaning.
This is done by removing dried cacao pulp, pieces of
pod and other extraneous material that had not been
removed earlier. In the science of chocolate making,
the proper selection of beans for processing is critical.
34. ROASTING
Isangag ang mga buto ng Cacao
Depending upon the variety of the beans and the desired
end result, the roasting lasts from 30 minutes to an hour
at temperatures of 90-120 degrees Centigrade. As the
moisture content drops, the color changes to a rich brown
and the characteristic aroma of chocolate becomes
evident.
35. Behmor 1600
Proper roasting completely kills any potential
surface contamination that may be present,
makes them safe to eat and develops the
flavors associated with chocolate.
Roasting
36. Subject the cocoa beans to a high temperature initially,
slowly reduce the temperature and stop the roast when
the beans are "cracking", but well before they start to
burn.
The initial high heat lets the beans gain some thermal
momentum and allows for a good separation of the husk
and nibs as the beans expand. You lower the ambient
temperature so as not to burn the outside of the bean,
but let the interior continue to roast. Finally, the cocoa
beans will start to pop and crack as water vapor is
explosively released. This happens when the cocoa bean
temperature is around 250 F. This is your sign you are just
about done roasting. Experience and smell (you don't
want any burned smell) are the key indicators when the
beans are roasted.
37. The roasted beans pass through a
WINNOWINGmachine
to separate and remove the shells,
and leave just the cacao NIBS.
Pag tatanggal ng balat ng buto
ng cacao
39. GRINDING
The nibs are then milled to create
CACAO LIQUOR
The degree of milling varies according to the type of nib
used and the product required.
40. Grinding After your beans have been
roasted, cracked and
winnowed , the next step in
cacao processing is to grind
them until they liquefy into
cocoa liqueur
41. The processing now may go in
three (3) different directions.
1. Cacao Liquor into ‘tableas’
which are molded either by
hand or molders
43. 2. The cacao liquor is pressed to
extract the CACAO BUTTER,
leaving a solid mass called
cacao cake.
NutriChef Oil Press
44. The cacao butter is used in the
manufacture of chocolates,
cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.
The cacao cake is PULVERIZED
to form CACAO POWDER.
45. Rico grinder
650 W motor works well
to grind down nibs into
smaller powder
46. 3. Cacao liquor is used to
produce chocolate (addition of
other ingredients such as
sugar, milk, emulsifying
agents and cacao butter)
47.
48. Chocolate makers in the speciality
segment will only be interested in fine
flavour cocoa products of very high
quality, in specific and outstanding
flavours (possibly from micro lots or
small batches), with proven traceability
and in accordance with their standards
and specifications. These criteria can be
related to the level of cocoa bean
fermentation and cocoa nib roasting,
but they can also include specific niche
requirements such as Organic
certification, for example. Chocolate
makers will only outsource processing
activities when they can make sure that
the products do not deviate from their
49. Conching
The process involves heating and mixing for several
hours to several days the ingredients of chocolate -
cocoa, cocoa butter, sugar, lecithin and and any
"flavoring" such as vanilla or essential oils.
• For milk chocolate, dry milk powder is also included
in the mix. (don't try to use liquid milk, it will seize
on you).
• During conching, the chocolate is heated to
temperatures of 110 to 180° F, to allow the lactose
crystals to transition into amorphous lactose. This
transition is often why milk chocolate has that soft
and silky mouth feel.
50. The mixture is then tempered, or passed
through a heating, cooling and reheating
process. Tempering allows you to solidify
chocolate in a way that keeps it glossy,
causes it to break with a distinctive snap
and allows it to melt smoothly in your
mouth.
51. The mixture is then poured into moulds and cooled in a cooling
chamber. Once cooled, the chocolate is demoulded, packaged for
distribution and is ready for savoring.
52. Dark chocolate and
ONLY dark chocolate
contains high
concentrations of
flavonoids, which are
actually antioxidants.
Flavonoids In 1.25
ozs of cocoa
products:
Milk chocolate 300 mg
Dark chocolate 700 mg
Cocoa powder 1,300
mg
53. • “Focus production to FINE
FLAVOR cacao”
• Pursue
processing
• Aside genetic difference, the farming practices
strongly influence several quality parameters of
the finished chocolate.
• Engaging storytelling to highlight chocolate’s
journey from the bean to the finished bar
• Add value to
production
54. • Product consistency is key for repeat
purchases.
• Opportunity to enrich cocoa producer
livelihoods around the world, principally
by promoting ‘differentiated’ cacao at
higher prices.
The bean-to-bar concept involves different methods of production, packaging and direct shipping or sales to high-end outlets. Bean-to-bar enables a small number of producers to add significant amounts of value to their cocoa production. This value addition for cocoa producers is mainly done through quality branding and packaging, and by offering superior cacao qualities.