I nstructional objectives 21august
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The document discusses instructional objectives and their importance in education. It defines instructional objectives as statements that define the expected skills or knowledge students will acquire from instruction. Instructional objectives should be specific, measurable, attainable, relevant and time-bound. They provide a framework for selecting content, assessing student learning, and ensuring curriculum alignment. Articulating clear instructional objectives is vital for effective lesson planning and curriculum development.
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The document discusses the scope of education, outlining 10 key areas:
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This document discusses stimulus variation in teaching. It defines stimulus as anything that elicits a response, and variation as changing stimuli to make classroom teaching more lively and engaging. The key points are:
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Evalution
Evaluation in education serves several purposes: to assess student achievement, help teachers judge their effectiveness, provide guidance, and improve curriculum, tools, and techniques. There are three main types of evaluation - diagnostic to identify weaknesses, formative to monitor learning and make adjustments, and summative to make judgements about performance. Effective evaluation is comprehensive, continuous, and uses valid and reliable tools such as tests, observations, and self-reporting techniques.
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This document discusses models of teaching, defining them as plans or guidelines that can be used to design instruction, curriculum, and guide teacher actions. It presents several definitions of teaching models from education researchers. The main characteristics of models include specifying learning outcomes, environmental conditions, and performance criteria. Models of teaching are based on systematically modifying learner behavior. They can help teachers select methods and materials, bring about learner behavior changes, and design educational activities and curriculum. Examples of modern models discussed are information processing, social interaction, personal development, and behavior modification models.
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Teacher plays a very pivotal role in shaping up the children personality and behavior, which ultimately form the future of the society.
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Scope of education
The document discusses the scope of education, outlining 10 key areas:
1. Educational philosophy which covers the aims, nature, importance and functions of education.
2. Educational psychology which aims to help understand child development in physical, mental, emotional and social dimensions.
3. Educational sociology which examines the relationship between children, society and culture.
4. History of education which studies the background, development and methods of education systems over time.
5. Economics of education which analyzes the financing and efficiency of education programs and policies.
6. Teaching methods which have evolved from passive learning to active participation between teachers and students.
7. Educational administration and supervision which ensures smooth operation of educational institutions
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compilation of data taken from various sources from the internet. i do not own some of the information here and neither do i claim 100% originality
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This document provides information about script writing for agricultural television programs in India. It discusses how television is an effective medium for educating rural populations. Two common farm television programs in India are "Savi Dharti" and "Mera Pind Mere Khet", which aim to provide useful agricultural information to farmers. The document outlines best practices for writing scripts, including clearly stating objectives, deciding on presentation format (talks, interviews, etc.), including an introduction and conclusion, planning indoor/outdoor shooting, and using a run down sheet to plan shots, audio/video, and lighting. The goal is to effectively communicate timely agricultural information to farmers to support their work.
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This document discusses dairy development activities and technology transfer in Punjab, India. It provides background on the various organizations involved in dairy development like the Punjab Dairy Development Board and Punjab State Cooperative Milk Producers Federation. It then analyzes survey results from 600 dairy farmers which find that most receive little training and education. The document identifies farmers' main information needs and challenges with services. It provides recommendations to strengthen the dairy extension system through improved training, cooperation, and addressing issues like high input costs and exploitation by middlemen.
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Practical 1 Audio visual aids
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Pract 3 Script writing for radio
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Extension personnel require training to improve their performance and acquire new knowledge, skills, and attitudes. There are different types of training courses including short-term and long-term courses as well as orientation training and on-the-job training. Training courses for farmers include those offered at the village, block, and district levels, as well as specialized training courses offered by Punjab Agricultural University.
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1. Leaders coordinate group efforts to achieve goals, establish a positive social climate, assist with organization, and help plan and execute development programs.
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This document discusses factors related to success and failure. It states that success requires hard work, perseverance, sacrifice, and passion for your goals. Successful people are confident, have a vision, and focus on their strengths. Factors that can lead to failure include unwillingness to take risks, lack of persistence, seeking instant gratification, poor priorities, and greed. The document also lists rationalizing, inability to recognize opportunities, lack of discipline, poor self-esteem, and a fatalistic attitude as reasons for failure. Finally, it identifies accepting responsibility, striving for excellence, and thinking win-win as important factors for achieving success.
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This document discusses feedback in communication and its importance. It provides definitions of feedback and notes that feedback helps enhance adoption rates and understanding by promoting free communication. It identifies some difficulties in obtaining feedback, such as limitations of communication channels, shyness of receivers, and socioeconomic barriers. The document recommends several methods for encouraging feedback, such as not getting defensive, updating knowledge, and ensuring feedback is timely. Overall, the document emphasizes that feedback is important for removing barriers, facilitating action, rectifying errors, and improving the communication process.
Kisan call centres
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Teaching learning process
The document discusses the teaching and learning process. It defines teaching as providing situations for learning to occur, and learning as how a person changes their behavior through self-activity. It notes that learning takes place within the learner when they feel a need and work to fulfill and gain satisfaction from it. The key components of an effective teaching and learning situation are an instructor, learner, physical facilities, teaching equipment, and subject matter. It provides characteristics an instructor and learner should have, and factors the subject matter, physical facilities, and teaching equipment should address. Finally, it outlines the steps in the teaching-learning process as getting the learner's attention, interest, desire, conviction, action, and satisfaction.
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The document summarizes four major extension systems in India:
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3) Systems run by the Ministry of Rural Development and state departments.
4) Development work by voluntary organizations.
It then provides details on four major transfer of technology projects under the first line extension system: the All India Coordinated Project on National Demonstrations, Operational Research Project, Krishi Vigyan Kendra program, and Lab to Land Project. Krishi Vigyan Kendras were established in 1974 as grassroots institutions for training farmers and disseminating agricultural technologies.
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New trends in extension
The document discusses new trends in agricultural extension, including a shift from top-down to bottom-up and production-led to market-led approaches. It outlines the need for market-led extension to help farmers understand market demands and consumer preferences in order to improve livelihoods. Examples of innovative market-led extension approaches provided include market intelligence, contract farming, and direct marketing. The challenges and dimensions of market-led extension are also summarized, along with some successful farmer entrepreneurs utilizing these approaches.
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This document outlines several key principles of administration and problems that can arise. The principles discussed include hierarchy, span of control, unity of command, delegation of authority, responsibility, communication, flexibility, specialization, and centralization/decentralization. Some problems that can occur include failure to clarify relationships, delegate authority properly, giving authority without responsibility, multiple subordination, short-circuiting lines of authority, and giving extra-constitutional authority. Proper application of administrative principles and avoidance of these problems can help organizations function effectively.
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I nstructional objectives 21august
- 1. ARTICULATION OF INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES Rajinder Kaur Kalra Professor and Head (Retired) PAU Ludhiana 9814067709
- 2. Instructional objectives are statements that define the expected goals of a curriculum, course, lesson in terms of demonstrate- able skills or knowledge that will be acquired by a student as a result of a instruction.
- 3. Components of Instructional Objectives The action verb Conditions Standard Intended Audience
- 5. Characteristics of Instructional Objectives Describe learning outcome Student oriented Observable
- 6. Instructional objectives should meet the given below Sequentially appropriate Attainable within a reasonable amount of time Developmentally appropriate
- 9. Kinds of Instructional Objectives Cogniti ve Affective
- 10. Characteristics of Instructional objectives Student oriented Use action verb State theorem (implies memorization and recall) Prove theorem (implies applying knowledge) Apply theorem and solve problem (implies applying knowledge) Decide when a given theorem applies (involves meta- cognitive decision making skills) Objective should be measureable
- 11. Articulate your instructional objectives Decide the contents Endow course with strong internal structure Alignment among the main components Objectives Assessments
- 12. Articulating instructional objectives will help To select and organizing course content Determine appropriate assessment Instructional Strategy
- 13. Articulate objectives at appropriate grain List of action verb Blooms’ taxonomy Samples of learning objective Discuss with colleague
- 14. How do we unite good Instructional objectives Identify the noun/theme Select a verb/observable to describe the behaviour Add additional criteria
- 15. Learning goal vs Learning objective Learning Goals What you hope to accomplish in your course The overall goals that do not necessarily result in products of observable and measurable behavior Learning Objectives Brief, Clear statements about what students will be able to do when they complete instruction.
- 16. Importance of Instructional objective in lesson plan Goals to where teaching is heading Unifying elements in teaching learning process Basis for assessment Provide feedback for maintaining objectives instituting reforms Making a strong lesson plan Goal of your lesson Precise and delineated goals For what you want your students to be able to accomplish after the lesson plan is completed Lets’ say you are writing a lesson plan on Nutrition
- 17. What to ask yourself? In order to define your lesson objectives, consider asking yourself following questions: What will be students accomplished during this lesson? To what specific level? Exactly, how will students show that understood the learnt goals of lesson plan? Will the lesson objectives fits with educational standards?
- 18. Importance of instructional objectives Strategic planning Turn the mission and vision into specific measureable targets Concrete and help translating mission and vision into reality End towards which a program or problem, solution is directed
- 19. Areas of Using Instructional Objectives •Managing learning •Planning instruction •Enhancing learning •Facilitating assessment •Designing or redesigning curriculum •Producing new insights
- 20. Advantages Learning goals benefit both students and faculty Improve student understanding Provide the same “road-map” for you as they do for your students Brings course content, teaching strategies and your evaluation of student learning into better alignment More precisely communicate course aims with other faculty in the curriculum Make justifiable decisions about what content to cover, what to leave out, what to emphasize, and what to minimize
- 21. How you can work to achieve your objectives Be an active participant Set challenging goals Maintain a big picture perspective Model and monitor the team values Do not ignore mistakes
- 22. Learning outcomes need to be SMART