Nepal is currently reeling under acute fuel crisis due to undeclared economic blockade by India. Transportation and cooking are two main areas that have been severely affected due to the fuel shortages. Alternative sources of cooking fuels have become a crucial topic of research and investigation on an international scale and Nepal may require such unconventional solutions to cope with the crisis that does not seem to be winding down anytime soon. The utilization of Hydrogen as an energy carrier with regards to domestic cooking has been explored and studied by countless experts over the years and is still a relatively novel concept that requires further exploration.
Nepal is currently reeling under acute fuel crisis due to undeclared economic blockade by India. Transportation and cooking are two main areas that have been severely affected due to the fuel shortages. Alternative sources of cooking fuels have become a crucial topic of research and investigation on an international scale and Nepal may require such unconventional solutions to cope with the crisis that does not seem to be winding down anytime soon. The utilization of Hydrogen as an energy carrier with regards to domestic cooking has been explored and studied by countless experts over the years and is still a relatively novel concept that requires further exploration.
Today it's easy to start using your existing wind / solar power to become a producer of clean green hydrogen - so you can produce, distribute and sell the hydrogen at the highest bidder - and thus creating a second revenue stream from your renewable power generation - extremely interesting when the guaranteed feed-in tarif comes to an end!
a brief intro to the technology and working of hydrogen fuel cells.It also discusses the types of fuel cells available in the market and the economy of hydrogen fuel cells.It concludes by giving suitable examples of fuel cell vehicles and a short video animation to properly understand the topic
this is the representation of hydrogen fuel. In this presentation we showed how hydrogen is useful for future consumption of fuel. We know that in the future the non-renewable sources of energy will be extincted so we have to concentrate on conventional sources of energy like solar energy energy, nuclear energy, hydrogen fuel. Because hydrogen is highly combustible and produce large of energy so we consider to use hydrogen fuel in future aspect
1839 - Sir William Grove, first electrochemical H2/O2
reaction to generate energy
• 1950s - GE developed the solid-ion exchange H2 fuel cell
used by NASA
• 1960s- GE produced the fuel cell-based electrical power
system for NASA Gemini and Apollo space capsules
• 1960s other fuel cells discovered – phosphoric acid, SOFC,
molten carbonate
• 1970s – Vehicle manufacturers began to experiment FCEV.
• 1990 – The California Air Resource Board introduced the
Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV) Mandate.
• 2000 – Fuel cell buses were deployed as part of the
HyFleet/CUTE project
• 2007 – fuel cell started to be sold commercially as APU
• 2008 – Honda begins leasing the FCX fuel cell electric
vehicle.
• 2009 – Large scale of residential CHP programme in Japan.
Today it's easy to start using your existing wind / solar power to become a producer of clean green hydrogen - so you can produce, distribute and sell the hydrogen at the highest bidder - and thus creating a second revenue stream from your renewable power generation - extremely interesting when the guaranteed feed-in tarif comes to an end!
a brief intro to the technology and working of hydrogen fuel cells.It also discusses the types of fuel cells available in the market and the economy of hydrogen fuel cells.It concludes by giving suitable examples of fuel cell vehicles and a short video animation to properly understand the topic
this is the representation of hydrogen fuel. In this presentation we showed how hydrogen is useful for future consumption of fuel. We know that in the future the non-renewable sources of energy will be extincted so we have to concentrate on conventional sources of energy like solar energy energy, nuclear energy, hydrogen fuel. Because hydrogen is highly combustible and produce large of energy so we consider to use hydrogen fuel in future aspect
1839 - Sir William Grove, first electrochemical H2/O2
reaction to generate energy
• 1950s - GE developed the solid-ion exchange H2 fuel cell
used by NASA
• 1960s- GE produced the fuel cell-based electrical power
system for NASA Gemini and Apollo space capsules
• 1960s other fuel cells discovered – phosphoric acid, SOFC,
molten carbonate
• 1970s – Vehicle manufacturers began to experiment FCEV.
• 1990 – The California Air Resource Board introduced the
Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV) Mandate.
• 2000 – Fuel cell buses were deployed as part of the
HyFleet/CUTE project
• 2007 – fuel cell started to be sold commercially as APU
• 2008 – Honda begins leasing the FCX fuel cell electric
vehicle.
• 2009 – Large scale of residential CHP programme in Japan.
ALCOHOL AS AN ALTERNATIVE FUEL IN IC ENGINEraj kumar
As vehicles are increase their is demand of fuel and using of fossil fuels,which emits CFS gases which damages ozone layer and harmful for human. I'm going to explain how we can Use of alternative fuel to reduce pollution and also to save the fossil fuels.Alcohol on combustion emits carbondoixiode and water which is again absorbed by the plants.
A fuel cell vehicle (FCV) uses a hydrogen fuel cell to generate electricity, which powers an electric motor for propulsion, emitting only water vapor as a byproduct.
Hydrogen in fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) serves as the primary fuel that powers the vehicle. In a fuel cell, hydrogen reacts with oxygen from the air in an electrochemical process, producing electricity, water vapor, and heat. This electricity is then used to power the electric motor that drives the vehicle. The use of hydrogen in fuel cells offers a clean energy alternative, as the only emission from this process is water, making it an environmentally friendly option compared to traditional fossil fuels.
Fuel cells are known for their high efficiency, low emissions, and quiet operation, making them attractive for a wide range of applications, including transportation (such as hydrogen-powered vehicles), stationary power generation, and portable electronics.
Solar radiation and related terms, measurement of solar radiation, solar energy collectors-flate plate collector, air collector, concentrating collectors, application and advantages of various collectors, solar energy storage system (thermal, chemical, mechanical), solar pond, application of solar energy
Hydrogen energy sources - generation and storageShantam Warkad
Hydrogen is the simplest and most abundant element on earth
It consists of only one proton and one electron.
Hydrogen can store and deliver usable energy, but it doesn't typically exist by itself in nature and must be produced from compounds that contain it.
PEMFC (proton exchange membrane)
DMFC (direct methanol)
SOCF (solid oxide)
AFC (alkaline)
PAFC (phosphoric acid)
MCFC (Molten Carbonate)
PEM Fuel Cell
A fuel cell is a battery that produces DC current and voltage
Most fuel cells use hydrogen which burns cleaner compared to hydrocarbon fuels
A fuel cell will keep producing electricity as long as fuel is supplied
The energy efficiency of fuel cells is high when compared to many other energy systems
There is great interest in fuel cells for automotive and electronic applications
There will be employment for technicians particularly in Ohio’s fuel cell industry.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Search and Society: Reimagining Information Access for Radical FuturesBhaskar Mitra
The field of Information retrieval (IR) is currently undergoing a transformative shift, at least partly due to the emerging applications of generative AI to information access. In this talk, we will deliberate on the sociotechnical implications of generative AI for information access. We will argue that there is both a critical necessity and an exciting opportunity for the IR community to re-center our research agendas on societal needs while dismantling the artificial separation between the work on fairness, accountability, transparency, and ethics in IR and the rest of IR research. Instead of adopting a reactionary strategy of trying to mitigate potential social harms from emerging technologies, the community should aim to proactively set the research agenda for the kinds of systems we should build inspired by diverse explicitly stated sociotechnical imaginaries. The sociotechnical imaginaries that underpin the design and development of information access technologies needs to be explicitly articulated, and we need to develop theories of change in context of these diverse perspectives. Our guiding future imaginaries must be informed by other academic fields, such as democratic theory and critical theory, and should be co-developed with social science scholars, legal scholars, civil rights and social justice activists, and artists, among others.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
"Impact of front-end architecture on development cost", Viktor TurskyiFwdays
I have heard many times that architecture is not important for the front-end. Also, many times I have seen how developers implement features on the front-end just following the standard rules for a framework and think that this is enough to successfully launch the project, and then the project fails. How to prevent this and what approach to choose? I have launched dozens of complex projects and during the talk we will analyze which approaches have worked for me and which have not.
Let's dive deeper into the world of ODC! Ricardo Alves (OutSystems) will join us to tell all about the new Data Fabric. After that, Sezen de Bruijn (OutSystems) will get into the details on how to best design a sturdy architecture within ODC.
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024
Hydrogen as fuel
1.
2. Introduction
Fuel is any material that stores energy that can later be
extracted to perform mechanical work in a controlled
manner.
Hydrogen fuel is an eco-friendly fuel which uses
electrochemical cells, or combustion in internal
engines, to power vehicles and electric devices. It is
also used in the propulsion of spacecraft
Potentially can be mass produced and commercialized
for passenger vehicles and aircraft.
3. Status of Hydrogen Today
Although hydrogen is the most abundant element in
the universe, it does not naturally exist in its elemental
form on Earth.
Pure hydrogen must be produced from other
hydrogen-containing compounds such as fossil fuels,
biomass, or water
Current leading technology for producing hydrogen in
large quantities is steam reforming of methane gas.
Engine that burns pure hydrogen produces almost no
pollution.
4. Properties of Hydrogen
Atomic Number : 1
Atomic Weight : 1.0079
Melting Point: -259°C
Boiling Point: - 253°C
Max boiling point: -240°C (at 14 bar)
Vapour Density: 0.08376 kg/m3 ( at 20 °C, 1 atm)
Specific Gravity : 0.0696
Flashpoint : –253 °C
Valence: 1
Hydrogen is a colourless, odourless, combustible gas.
5. Combustive Properties of
Hydrogen
The properties that contribute to its use as a combustible fuel
are its:
wide range of flammability : 4% to 75% at 25°C
low ignition energy : 0.02 mJ
small quenching distance : 0.064 cm
high auto ignition temperature : 585 °C
High octane number: 130
high flame speed
high diffusivity
very low density
Hydrogen flames are very pale blue and are almost invisible in
daylight due to the absence of soot
7. PRODUCING HYDROGEN
There are more than 200 viable means to produce H2.
Some common methods are;
1)steam reforming
2)From coal
3)Electrolysis
4)Thermolysis
5)Photocatalytic water splitting
6)Fermentative hydrogen production
7)Bio-catalysed electrolysis
8.
9.
10. Storage and delivery
Physical storage: liquefaction , compression, physisorption
Chemical storage: metal hydrides, complex hydrides.
Suppliers currently transport hydrogen by pipeline or over
roadways using tube trailers or cryogenic liquid hydrogen
tankers.
For a given volume, hydrogen contains a smaller amount of
useable energy than other fuels such as natural gas and
gasoline.
Because of its low volumetric energy density, hydrogen is
comparatively more costly to transport and store.
11. Hydrogen internal combustion
engine (HICE)
Small number of vehicles use
HICE
In general, getting an internal
combustion engine to run on
Hydrogen-Powered 1965 Cobra
hydrogen is not difficult but it
is a challenge to run well.
H2 + O2 + N2 => H2O + N2 +
NOx
BMW Hydrogen 7
12. Fuel cells
Fuel cells now in development will provide a new
way to produce power, also significantly improve
energy conversion efficiency, especially in
transportation applications.
Fuel cells are electrochemical devices like batteries
that convert the chemical energy of a fuel directly
and very efficiently into electricity (DC) and heat,
thus doing away with combustion.
Unlike a battery, a fuel cell does not run down or
require recharging. It will produce energy in the
form of electricity and heat as long as fuel is
supplied.
Since conversion of the fuel to energy takes place
via an electrochemical process, not combustion .It is
a clean, quiet and highly efficient process- two to
three times more efficient than fuel burning.
13. Fuel cell : Principle
A fuel cell consists of two electrodes
sandwiched around an electrolyte.
Oxygen passes over one electrode and
hydrogen over the other,
Spurred by a catalyst, hydrogen
oxidizes into hydrogen protons and
give up its electrons to the electrode,
which thereby becomes the anode. This
buildup of negative charge then follows
the path of least resistance via the
external circuit to the cathode.
flow of electrons through a circuit that
creates electricity.
As the electrical current begins to flow,
hydrogen protons pass through the
membrane from the anode to the
cathode, react with oxygen at the
cathode to form water.
Heat emanates from this union
Anode Reaction: H2 —> 2 H+ + 2 e-
Cathode Reaction: ½ O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- —> H2O
14. Types of fuel cells
In general all fuel cells have the same basic configuration - an electrolyte
and two electrodes.
Different types of fuel cells are classified by the kind of electrolyte used
The type of electrolyte used determines the kind of chemical reactions
that take place and the temperature range of operation
Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) :Perfluoro sulfonic acid
Alkaline (AFC) : Aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide
soaked in a matrix
Phosphoric Acid (PAFC) : Phosphoric acid soaked in a matrix
Molten Carbonate (MCFC) : Solution of lithium, sodium, and/ or
potassium carbonates, soaked in a matrix
Solid Oxide (SOFC) : Yttria stabilized zirconia
15.
16. Uses:
Stationary power generation
Residential
Transportation – No pollution
Portable power – Miniature Fuel Cells
17. Why hydrogen
and fuel cells?
Physical Security Replacement/Alternative
Reliability Ability to harvest on
Efficiency renewable energy like wind.
Environmental Benefits
Battery
18. Why hydrogen
and fuel cells?
No dependence on foreign oil
Zero to near-zero levels of harmful emissions .
Fuel Cell vehicles can be up to 3 times more efficient
than internal combustion engines.
Very less noise generated .
Honda FCX Clarity
19. Safety implications:
Colourless and odourless (mixtures will poison fuel cell)
Extremely reactive with oxygen and other oxidizers
Low ignition energy (1:10::H2:Petrol)
High flame temperature( around 2273 K)
Invisible flame in daylight conditions( pale blue)
Negative Joule-Thomson coefficient; leaking gas warms
and may spontaneously ignite
Small molecular size promotes leaks and diffusion
Very wide flammability limits in air mixtures
Can diffuse into or react with certain metals, embrittling
them
The cryogenic liquid at 20K is even colder than frozen
nitrogen, oxygen or argon
20. Challenges
Infrastructure: Refuelling, large-scale manufacturing
processes and support infrastructures, such as trained
personnel, are not yet available for fuel cell systems.
Hydrogen has to be stored on-board vehicles, at hydrogen
production sites, refuelling stations and stationary power
sites which requires several precautions
The size and weight of current fuel cell systems must be
reduced to attain market acceptance, especially with
automobiles
Use in fuel cells requires catalysts, which usually require a
component metal (most often platinum). Platinum is
extremely rare, expensive and environmentally unsound to
produce.
22. www.eere.energy.gov
Atomic weights of the elements 2009 (IUPAC Technical Report)
Michael E. Wieser1* and Tyler B. Coplen2
1 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
2 U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA, USA
L. Zhou. Progress and problems in hydrogen storage methods . / Renewable and
Sustainable Energy Reviews 9 (2005) 395–408
K. Harrison, R. Remick, A. Hoskin, G. Martin. Hydrogen Production: Fundamentals and
Case Study SummariesPresented at the World Hydrogen Energy Conference. (May 2010)
Energy, Economics, and the Environment. Cases and Materials Second Edition.
Fuel Cell Report to Congress February 2003
http://www.eere.energy.gov/hydrogenandfuelcells/pdfs/fc_report_congress_
feb2003.pdf