heavily on fossil fuel Need to shift toward renewable energy Government take initiative to increase share of renewable energy R&D and technology advancement help to make renewable energy economical Public private partnership play a crucial role With proper policy and planning, India can meet energy demand from renewable energy sources This document discusses India's energy sector. It notes that India relies heavily on fossil fuels but is seeking to increase its use of renewable energy. Some key points made include: - India relies on fossil fuels for 80% of its energy needs but resources are limited and cause pollution. - Renewable energy development is increasing, with solar and wind being major focuses. The National

1. Presented By
Malik Sameeullah
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY, KURUKSHETRA
1

2. Contents
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Energy
Conventional source of energy
Energy and economics
Commercial form of energy
Global Energy Consumption
Need to reform in energy sector
Global Energy Crises
Kyoto Protocol
Energy Scenario in India
Electricity Act 2003
Energy Conservation Act 2001
Future energy resource
2

3. Contents
 Renewable energy and sustainable development
 Renewable Energy in India
 Renewable Energy Policy Framework
 research organization
 Conclusion
3

4. Energy
 It is a ‘capacity to do work’
 In modern era people depend upon energy
 Fossil fuel like coal, oil & natural gas are main source
of energy
 Energy can be classified into several types based on
the following criteria:
Primary and Secondary energy
2. Commercial and Non commercial energy
3. Renewable and Non-Renewable energy
1.
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5. Energy
Primary Energy World Consumption (courtesy BP 2013)
(Million tonnes oil equivalent)
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6. Energy
Primary energy regional consumption pattern 2012 (courtesy BP 2013)
(Percentage)
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7. Conventional Source of Energy
 Coal, oil and natural gas are the major source of energy
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from longtime
Still 80% energy requirement is fulfill by fossil fuel
Coal play a major role to run thermal power plant
Due to rapid industrialization, consumption increase
manifold
Oil and gas decide the economic condition of country
These resources are limited and must be conserve
Main cause of air pollution and global warming
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8. Energy and Economics
 Energy is essential for Economic growth
 Economics growth is essential for country like India
 Ratio of energy demand and GDP is useful indicator for
Economics growth
 Per Capita Energy Consumption of USA 13246 kwh/Year
 India Per capita consumption is about 684kwh/Year
 Economic growth of country is depend upon rate of
improvement in per capita energy consumption
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9. Oil Consumption Per Capita 2012
Tonnes
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10. Commercial form of Energy
 Energy resource which is economical and technically
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acceptable is known as commercial fuel
i.e. , after the invention of IC engine, oil become a
commercial fuel
Coal, oil and gas are used.
For sustainable growth, people look forward for new
available form of energy
Nuclear and hydro energy is one of the clean fuel and
have a future
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11. Coal Consumption Per Capita 2012
Tonnes oil equivalent
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12. Nuclear Energy Consumption Per Capita 2012
Million tonnes oil equivalent
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13. Global Energy Consumption
 There is uneven pattern of
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energy consumption in
different country
Developed country have a population of 10%, use
approx. 90% of the available resources
One the other side, there is country where people
depend on wood as a form of energy
From last 20 year developing country focus on energy
sector
Rate of growth in energy sector in developed country is
1% to 2%, but in developing country growth rate is 7 to
8%.
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14. Per Capita Energy Consumption (kWh)
United Arab Emirates
9389
Sweden
14030
USA
13246
Australia
10720
Japan
7848
Germany
Per Capita Energy
Consumption (kWh)
7081
China
3298
Indonesia
680
India
684
0
5000
10000
15000
Source: http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EG.USE.ELEC.KH.PC
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15. Need to reform in Energy sector
 Developing countries require substantial investments
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in their power sectors to sustain economic growth and
reduce poverty
Fossil fuels are depleted and need proper care
Global pollution level increase and there is threat of
global warming
Oil & gas crisis in 1980
Kyoto Protocol sign by country to reduce carbon
emission
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16. Global Energy Crises
 Global Energy requirement increases continuously
 Fuel resources are depleted
 Oil price increase continuously
 It put pressure on country economic
 Oil war start (developed country pressurized oil rich
country)
 It is estimated that in next 50-60 year oil & gas
resources are consumed
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17. Kyoto Protocol
 First
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legal international agreement on climate
protection
It aim to reduce the level of Green House Gas emission
Annex-B country must limit there emissions of
GHG, most notably CO2 from fossil fuel combustion
Annex-B country reduce GHG emission by 5.2% on
1990 average (achieve goal by 2012)
There is system for carbon credit
It lack economic and environmental policy objective
Developing country are not much interested in kyoto
protocol
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18. Energy Scenario in India
 India is a seventh largest country and have a population
of 1.2 billion people
 To maintain growth rate, need rapid growth in energy
sector
 41% of electricity generation from thermal power plant
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19. Energy scenario in India
 By 2016-2017, total domestic energy production of 670
million tons of oil equivalent (MTOE). This meet only
71% of the expected demand.
 As per the 2011 Census, 55.3% rural households had
access to electricity
 Still most of the rural area have limited supply hours of
electricity
 India ready to exploit renewable energy resources
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20. Electricity ACT 2003
 Role of Government : National Electricity Policy and
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tariff policy
Rural electrification
Splitting the structure: Genco, Transco and Discos
Consumer protection
Trading and market development
Formation of Central Electricity Authority (CEA)
Restructuring of State Electricity Board (SEB)
Measures against theft of electricity
Renewable energy utilization
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21. Energy Conservation Act 2001
 much-needed
legal framework and institutional
arrangement for embarking on an energy efficiency drive
 Energy auditing for designated consumer like energy
intensive industry, railway, commercial building, Power
Plant etc.
 Establishment of Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE)
 Role of BEE: standard and labels of appliances, undertake
promotional activity, prepare building codes, maintain
central energy conservation fund etc.
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22. Future Energy Resources
 Current rate of fossil fuel usage will lead to an energy
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crisis this century
Energy industry start inventing new ways to extract
energy from renewable sources
Due to lack of technology and economic
consideration, total shift toward renewable energy is
not possible
Nuclear energy have a future
Solar thermal plant, solar PV plant, wind energy play a
crucial role to satisfy the energy demand
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23. Renewable Energy and Sustainable
Development
 Sustainable Development: “to meets the needs of the
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present without compromising the ability of future”
Effect of conventional source of energy: air pollution, acid
precipitation, ozone depletion, forest destruction, and
emission of radioactive substances
There is shortage of energy in near future
more use of renewable energy sources and technologies is
one of the solution
Renewable energy is a direct or indirect form of solar energy
Research is going on to make renewable energy economical
Once technology develop in renewable energy field, it help
in national sustainable economic growth
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24. Renewable Energy in India
 Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) come
in picture in 2006
 It work to increase the share of renewable energy
Output in GW
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19.93
20
15
10
5
0
3.74
1.77
2.39
0.21
2.21
(Cumulative deployment of renewable energy as on 31.10.2013)
:Source MNRE
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25. Wind Energy
 India have a wind potential of 50 GW at 50m height
 Costal region in southern part of India is one of the
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best site of wind energy
India is a fifth largest wind power producer in world
Wind energy sector is one of the fastest growing
renewable energy sector
Assessment of wind energy resource is done by C-WET
(Centre for Wind Energy Technology)
R&D and testing is done by C-WET
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26. Biomass Power Programme
 Objective of harnessing grid quality power from
biomass
 Biomass material like bagasse, rice husk, cotton and
jute waste, de oiled cakes etc. are used to produce
energy
 Bagasse based cogeneration in sugar mill have a
potential of 5000 MW
 Biogas based generation in village using animal waste
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27. Small Hydro Plant
 Hydro plant of capacity less than 25 MW
 Estimated potential of small hydro plant is 20 GW
 It help to provide electricity in remote area
 Government plant to electrify boarder village of
Arunachal Pradesh using small hydro plant
 AHEC (Alternative Hydro Energy Centre),IIT Roorkee
is work to design international level R&D and testing
facility
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28. Solar Power
 With about 300 clear, sunny days in a year, India have
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abundant solar potential
Daily average solar energy incident over India varies
from 4 to 7 kWh/m2
Technology advancement and drop in price of PV
module make solar PV plant a good choice
National Solar Mission launch to encourage solar
energy
Solar PV plant type:
1.
2.
Grid connected solar PV plant
Off grid (StandAlone) PV plant
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29. Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar
Mission
 Launched on 11 January 2010
 It aim:
1. Deployment of 20000 MW of grid connected solar
plant by 2022
2. 2000 MW of off grid solar application including 20
million solar lights by 2022
3. 20 million sq. meter of solar thermal collector area
4. R&D and capacity building activities to achieve grid
parity by 2022
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30. Renewable Energy Policy Framework
 Budgetary support for research, development and
demonstration of technologies
 Financial Incentives, including for renewable energy
applications in rural areas
 Promoting private investment through fiscal
incentives, tax holidays, depreciation allowance and
remunerative returns for power fed into the grid.
 Finance for renewable energy: IREDA
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31. Research ORGANIZATION
 Solar Energy Centre
 Centre of Wind Energy Technology (C-WET)
 AHEC (Alternative Hydro Energy Centre)
 IREDA ( Indian Renewable Energy Development
Agency)
 SECI (Solar Energy Corporation of India)
 NCPRE (National Centre for Photovoltaic Research
and Education), IIT Bombay
 Renewable energy centre in various IIT and NIT
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32. Conclusion
 India, one of the stable economic country depend
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upon thermal power plant to meet 45 % demand
To make future brighter India gear up to utilize
renewable resources
Still the share of renewable energy is not significant
Various renewable energy mission launch by
government of India
Growth of renewable sector show that still in future
thermal plant is a main source of energy.
Nuclear plant and large hydro plant replace thermal
power plant in future
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33. THANK YOU
?
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