Hydrogen fuel cells generate electricity through an electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen, producing only water as a byproduct. They work by splitting hydrogen into protons and electrons at the anode, passing the protons through a membrane to the cathode where they combine with oxygen and electrons to form water. This process provides a renewable source of electricity. However, widespread adoption of hydrogen fuel cell technology faces challenges including high costs, lack of fueling infrastructure, and difficulties in hydrogen production and storage. Future development could help overcome these issues and allow hydrogen to play a greater role as a renewable transportation fuel and source of energy.