This document discusses Hepadnaviridae, a group of DNA viruses that includes hepatitis viruses. Key points include: - Hepadnaviridae have an icosahedral nucleocapsid made of protein and a double-stranded DNA genome enclosed in a lipid envelope. - Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has a circular, partially double-stranded DNA genome that is unusual in organization. - HBV can be transmitted through bodily fluids and causes symptoms like loss of appetite, nausea, and jaundice. Treatment includes antiviral drugs and vaccines.

1. Hepadnaviridae
& Syifa
Hepatitis Virus
Syikin
Ejat
Acap
Megat

2. Hepadnaviridae
( Hepa = liver ; dna = deoxyribonucleic
acid )
It is a group of DNA viruses
- The hepadna virus belongs to Class 7 under the
Baltimore’s system for classification
- Icosahedral nucleocapsid made of protein.
- Enveloped and consist spike
- Double-stranded DNA genome, mainly present in
spherical versions and some pleomorphic ones, is
enclosed by a lipid envelope.
- Circle in shape
- 42 nm in diameter

3. Hepatitis
VirusContent
Genome
-Due to the partial DNA, it is
a RNA intermediate. It is
also an endogenous DNA
which is dependent on DNA
polymerase during DNA
replication.
-The genome of HBV is made
of circular DNA, but it is
unusual because the DNA is
not fully double-stranded.
The genome organization of
HBV. The genes overlap. One end of the full length
strand is linked to the

4. Modes of
Transmission

6. SIGN AND SYMPTOMS
EXAMPLE :-
• Loss of appetite
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Body aches
• Mild fever
• Dark urine
• And then progresses to development
of jaundice

7. TREATMENT
• Alpha interferon
- Very expensive treatment
- Last round 12-15 weeks
- Makes patient very sick
- Reverse transciptase inhibitor
- Drugs target virus replication strategy by inhibit reverse
transcriptase
• Recombinant HBsAg vaccine
• Specific antiviral drugs such as lamivudine
- Reverse transcriptase inhibitor

8. INFECTION TO HUMAN
• Most of the people who come into contact with the virus
are able to clear the infection alone.
• There are some who cannot, and these patients progress
to fulminant hepatitis.
• This condition causes severe liver damage and, in very
rare cases, may also lead to primary hepatocellular
carcinoma.