Hemophilia and Physiotherapy Treatment
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1. What is Hemophilia? 2. Types 3. Causes 4. Classification based on severity 5. Signs and symptoms 6. Common areas affected 7. Clinical Features 8. Diagnosis 9. Treatment 10. Goals of Physiotherapy 11. Physiotherapy in sub acute and chronic stage 12. Lifestyle modification
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Hemophilia is a blood disease. Hemophilia is two types. 1. Hemophilia A & Hemophilia B. Physiotherapy is very important for a Hemophilia patient. Here are some info about physiotherapy.
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This document provides biographical information about Dr. Manoj R. Kandoi, the founder and president of the Institute of Arthritis Care & Prevention. It states that the institute is involved in patient education, conducting symposiums, and creating self-help groups regarding arthritis. The document also notes that Dr. Kandoi has published several works on arthritis and can be contacted through the institute.
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3) The goal of physiotherapy is to achieve a pain-free and stable joint to allow for lower extremity weight bearing and functional activities.
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3. Specific techniques discussed include relaxation, strength and cardiovascular conditioning, pain management, functional training, and flexibility exercises. Patient education is also emphasized.
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This document discusses shoulder impingement syndrome, including its anatomy, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, stages, and treatment approaches. It provides details on the rotator cuff muscles, signs and symptoms of impingement, external and internal factors that can lead to impingement, stages of the syndrome, common tests used for diagnosis, goals of treatment, and manual therapy, therapeutic exercise, and preventative measures used in treatment.
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Tennis elbow and golfer's elbow are forms of elbow tendinitis caused by overuse and repetitive strain on the tendons in the forearm. Tennis elbow involves the tendons on the outside of the elbow and is more common, while golfer's elbow affects the inner tendons. Both result from repetitive motions like swinging, gripping, or flexing and can be treated with rest, anti-inflammatories, bracing, and physical therapy.
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The document discusses the key components and phases of normal human gait. It defines gait as rhythmic alternating movements that propel the body's center of gravity forward. The gait cycle consists of stance and swing phases for each foot. Stance is 60% of the cycle from heel contact to toe off, while swing is 40% between toe off and next heel contact. Gait involves coordinated motion of the hips, knees, ankles, and toes through flexion, extension, and rotation. The center of gravity follows an arched path minimized through determinants like pelvic tilt and rotation, knee flexion, and ankle and foot interactions.
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Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy (CRPS I) is a chronic pain condition characterized by severe pain, swelling, and skin changes, often affecting a limb. It has no nerve damage. Early multimodal treatment including medications, nerve blocks, and physical therapy can help improve symptoms. Physical therapy focuses on reducing pain and edema, improving range of motion, and addressing vasomotor instability. As the condition progresses, symptoms may become more severe and irreversible changes can occur.
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Iliotibial Band Syndrome (Itbs)
Iliotibial Band Syndrome (ITBS) is an overuse injury of the iliotibial band, a thick fascia that runs down the outside of the thigh. ITBS is caused by training errors like increasing mileage too quickly, running on uneven surfaces, or having poor form. Anatomical factors like tight muscles or leg length differences can also contribute. Diagnosis involves pain tests like the Renne Test or Noble Compression Test. Treatment starts with rest, ice, stretching, and anti-inflammatories. Later stages may include corticosteroid injections, surgery for refractory cases. Prevention focuses on gradual mileage increases, proper footwear, stretching, and avoiding uneven terrain.
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Motor relearning programme
Motor relearning programmeDr. Vitthalrao Vikhe Patil Foundation's College of Physiotherapy, Ahmednagar
Retraining of motor control basing on understanding of normal movement & analysis of motor dysfunction.
Emphasis of MRP is on practice of specific activities, the training of cognitive control over muscles & movt. Components of activities & conscious elimination of unnecessary muscle activity.
In rehabilitation programme involve – real life activities included.
Tendon tranfer
Definition, Indications, principles of tendon transfer, Rehabilitation, and Contraindications with diagrams.
Arthroplasty
1) The document discusses arthroplasty and physiotherapy management for arthroplasty procedures like total hip replacement and total knee replacement.
2) It covers topics like indications, types, surgical approaches, complications and post-operative physiotherapy management for regaining range of motion, strength and ambulation abilities.
3) The goal of physiotherapy is to achieve a pain-free and stable joint to allow for lower extremity weight bearing and functional activities.
Ataxia Management
1. The document outlines the general management of ataxia through relaxation techniques, strengthening exercises, and fatigue reduction measures.
2. The goals of general physical therapy for ataxia are to prevent complications, treat symptoms like hypotonicity and dysmetria, improve muscle strength and range of motion, and provide education to patients.
3. Specific techniques discussed include relaxation, strength and cardiovascular conditioning, pain management, functional training, and flexibility exercises. Patient education is also emphasized.
Gait and gait abnormalities
This document discusses different types of gait abnormalities and their causes. It defines gait as the pattern of limb movement during locomotion. Gait abnormalities deviate from normal walking and can indicate neurological or musculoskeletal issues. Several specific gait abnormalities are described, including scissor gait caused by spastic cerebral palsy, antalgic gait indicating pain with weight bearing, festinant gait seen in Parkinson's disease, and Trendelenburg gait caused by abductor muscle weakness. The document provides examples of medical conditions associated with each abnormal gait pattern.
Osteotomy and physiotherapy
Osteotomy is a surgical procedure that cuts or divides bone to improve the function of a limb or provide stability to a joint. It involves three stages - dividing the bone, immobilizing it to allow correction and realignment, and physiotherapy to restore full function. Different types of osteotomies like closing wedge, opening wedge, and oblique cuts are used to correct various bone deformities and dysfunctions. Post-surgery physiotherapy focuses on reducing pain and swelling, maintaining stability, and gradually improving range of motion and strength. Complications can include under or overcorrection of deformity, nerve damage, compartment syndrome, and non-union of bone.
CONGENITAL TALIPES EQUINO VARUS (CTEV)
The document discusses congenital talipes equino varus (clubfoot). It is a birth deformity where the foot is twisted inward and downward. It involves muscle, tendon and bone abnormalities. Causes may be genetic or due to in-utero factors. Treatment involves manipulation, serial casting and sometimes surgery to correct the deformity. The goal is to fully correct the clubfoot early in life through non-surgical or surgical methods and maintain the correction through bracing and exercises.
Frenkels exercise
Frenkel exercises are a series of movements developed to treat patients with loss of proprioception. The exercises start simple and increase in difficulty, using visual and auditory cues to facilitate restoration of smooth, coordinated movement. Key principles are concentration, precision, and repetition of movements like limb motions and transfers of weight. Exercises progress from lying to sitting to standing positions and incorporate movement of the legs, arms, and whole body. The goal is to improve coordination, balance, proprioception and control through attention to rhythmic counting and placement of limbs in specific positions.
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This document provides an outline and summary of a seminar presentation on bleeding disorders in pediatrics. The presentation covers an overview of homeostasis and blood clotting, approaches to evaluating a child with bleeding symptoms, relevant lab investigations, and different types of bleeding disorders seen in children including hereditary coagulation disorders like hemophilia A and von Willebrand disease, acquired coagulation disorders, platelet disorders, and vascular disorders. Specific conditions are described in detail including typical clinical features, inheritance patterns, laboratory findings, and treatment approaches.
Haemophilia in children english
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Aproach to bleeding disorder in Pediatrics
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on approaches to bleeding disorders in pediatric patients. It provides an overview of homeostasis and the blood clotting process, as well as some common bleeding disorders seen in pediatrics. The diagnosis of bleeding disorders involves taking a medical history, performing a physical exam, and conducting laboratory investigations such as platelet count, bleeding time, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and thrombin time to evaluate the platelet count and function, as well as factors in the intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation pathways.
凝血與Coagulopathy.pptx
1. PT (prothrombin time) originally aimed to measure prothrombin activity but actually measures the extrinsic and common coagulation pathways.
2. It is affected by deficiencies in factors VII, X, V, II, and fibrinogen but must be below 50% for abnormalities to be detected.
3. PT cannot detect hemophilia (factor VIII or IX deficiencies) and was found not suitable for that purpose. However, it became clinically important for monitoring warfarin therapy.
Approch to child With bleeding
This document discusses the approach to evaluating and managing a child presenting with a bleeding tendency. Key points include obtaining a thorough history including details of the bleeding, family history of bleeding disorders, and reviewing systems. A full examination focusing on sites of bleeding and developmental milestones is important. Initial investigations would include a CBC, coagulation studies, and bone marrow examination if ITP is suspected. Common causes discussed are immune thrombocytopenia, hemophilia A/B, and von Willebrand disease. Treatment is aimed at the underlying cause and ranges from observation to IVIG, steroids, platelet transfusions, or specialized coagulation factor replacement.
Hemophilia
1) Hemophilia is a bleeding disorder caused by deficiencies in clotting factors VIII or IX, resulting in prolonged bleeding from minor injuries or surgery.
2) There are two main types - type A from a factor VIII deficiency is most common, type B from a factor IX deficiency is called Christmas disease.
3) Treatment involves replacing the missing clotting factor, though some may develop inhibitors requiring additional therapies like immunosuppression. Nursing focuses on education, prevention of injury, and management of bleeding episodes.
Hemo
This document provides an overview of hematology, including the functions and components of blood, blood forming organs, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, blood disorders, and common blood tests. Key points include that blood transports oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste; is made up of plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets; and common disorders include anemia, leukemia, hemophilia, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Laboratory tests discussed include complete blood count, coagulation studies, and differential white blood cell count.
Hemophilia.thrombocytopenic purpura
This document discusses bleeding disorders, including disorders of platelets and clotting factors. It describes hemophilia, which is a rare bleeding disorder caused by a defect in clotting factors. There are various types of hemophilia depending on the specific clotting factor deficiency. The document outlines the classification, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and complications of bleeding disorders.
6 surgical hemostasis
This document discusses surgical hemostasis. It begins by outlining the learning objectives, which are to understand what hemostasis is, the causes of excessive bleeding during or after surgery, and how to evaluate a patient's hemostasis before surgery. It then defines hemostasis as the arrest of blood escape through natural or artificial means. It describes the natural hemostasis process involving vasoconstriction, platelet plug formation, and blood clot formation. It lists the 12 clotting factors and the intrinsic and extrinsic clotting pathways. The document concludes by discussing causes of bleeding during or after surgery, including defects of hemostasis, and the steps of pre-operative evaluation of a patient's hemost
Approach to a child with bleeding disorder
This document provides guidance on evaluating and treating bleeding disorders in children. The evaluation involves obtaining a detailed history of the bleeding episodes, family history of bleeding disorders, and a physical exam to identify signs of bleeding. Initial laboratory tests include a complete blood count, bleeding time, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and tests of individual coagulation factors. Specific bleeding disorders are identified based on abnormalities in coagulation factor levels or function. Treatment depends on the underlying cause, and may include medications, coagulation factor replacement, platelet transfusions, or steroids.
clinical approach to patients with bleeding tendency
this presentation explains the physiology of hemostasis, in addition to the clinical approach for patients presenting with bleeding tendency.
Similar to Hemophilia and Physiotherapy Treatment (20)
Bleeding, clotting,platelet disorder and it's management
Bleeding, clotting,platelet disorder and it's management
change bleeding20clotting20and20platelets20disorders-220205073717.pdf
change bleeding20clotting20and20platelets20disorders-220205073717.pdf
Presantation on bleeding disorder in pediatric patients
Presantation on bleeding disorder in pediatric patients
clinical approach to patients with bleeding tendency
clinical approach to patients with bleeding tendency
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Hemophilia and Physiotherapy Treatment
- 1. Hemophilia -By Dr. Rima Jani PT (MPT in Pediatric Science)
- 2. What is Hemophilia? An incurable hereditary bleeding disorder due to absence or deficiency of clotting factors in the blood. Basically the process of hemostasis is impaired. Means the process of stopping the flow of blood is impaired. Repeated Spontaneous bleeds inside the joint and muscles of the patient, if not treated promptly lead to permanent disability.
- 4. TYPES Hemophilia A • Most common type • Caused by lack of clotting factor VIII Hemophilia B • Caused by lack of clotting factor IX Hemophilia C • Caused by lack of clotting factor XI
- 5. Genetics
- 6. Causes Hemophilia (Inherited) o Hemophilia A, B and C Hemophilia (Acquired) o Liver Failure (Liver synthesis I, II, V, VII, VIII, I, X, XI, XIII) o Vitamin K deficiency (Liver needs Vit. K to synthesis and release factors II, VII,IX and X) o Autoimmunity against a clotting factor. o Disseminated Intravascular coagulation which consumes clotting factors.
- 7. Classification based on severity Mild • Level is 5-50% • Only occasional bleeding usually related to significant Trauma or Surgery. Moderate • Level is 1-5% • Spontaneous bleeding is uncommon but occur after minor Trauma or Surgery. Severe • Level is <1% • Spontaneous joint and soft tissue bleeding several times several months.
- 8. Signs and Symptoms Easy bruising (Ecchymosis) Hematomas (collection of blood outside of blood vessels often in muscles) Prolonged bleeding after cut or surgery Oozing after tooth extraction Gastrointestinal bleeding Hematuria (Blood in urine) Severe nose bleeds Hemarthrosis (Bleeding in joint spaces) Severe complication can occur because of bleeding into brain (Stroke or Increased Intracranial pressure)
- 9. Common areas affected Joint bleeds are most common • Knees • Ankles • Elbows • Joints of the hands are not usually affected except after injury. Muscles affected by Hemophilic bleeding • Biceps brachii • Forearm flexors • Iliopsoas (hip flexor) • Quadriceps • Hamstrings • Calf muscles
- 10. Clinical Features Early •Tingling sensation •Feeling of warmth Late •Difficulty in movement •Pain with movement •Tightness or swelling •Numbness or Tingling feeling
- 12. Diagnosis Lab Test Platelets (Normal) Prothrombin Time (normal) Tests Extrinsic and Common pathways (VII,X,V,II,I) Partial Thromboplastic Time (Increases) Tests Intrinsic and common pathways (XII,XI, IX,VIII, X, V, II, I) Confirmatory Tests Tests for special factor activities and Mutation testing
- 13. Treatment Replacing the missing clotting factor in the blood. Whole blood • Plasma • Cryoprecipitate • Factor concentrate Physiotherapy • Therapeutic exercise • Electro therapy
- 14. Goals of Physiotherapy Pain Relief Reduce Muscle spasm Soften contracted tissue To increase or maintain muscle power To increase proprioception
- 15. In Subacute Stage Isometric exercise Active assisted Active free exercise as pain allows
- 16. In Chronic Stage Mobilization exercises according to ROM Strengthening exercises Self stretching Ultrasound Therapy Hydrotherapy
- 17. Lifestyle modification & Home remedies Exercise regularly prescribed by the Physical Therapist. Balanced diet to maintain weight and prevent obesity. Practice good dental hygiene. Parent counselling: o Protect your child from injuries that could cause bleeding. o Do not participate in contact sports. Avoid certain medication— o Some drugs can aggravate bleeding such as “Aspirin”, “Ibuprofen.” o Some drugs prevent blood from clotting such as “Heparin”, ”Warfarin.”
- 18. THANK YOU
Editor's Notes
- Mutated gene for Hemophilia A is called F8 Mutated gene for Hemophilia B is called F9 Both of them are on X chromosome So it is an X linked recessive disorder