1) Hemophilia is a bleeding disorder caused by deficiencies in clotting factors VIII or IX, resulting in prolonged bleeding from minor injuries or surgery. 2) There are two main types - type A from a factor VIII deficiency is most common, type B from a factor IX deficiency is called Christmas disease. 3) Treatment involves replacing the missing clotting factor, though some may develop inhibitors requiring additional therapies like immunosuppression. Nursing focuses on education, prevention of injury, and management of bleeding episodes.