Twist is the primary binding mechanism for spun yarns. The amount and direction of twist influences many yarn and fabric properties. For knitting yarns, less twist is preferred to produce softer yarns and fabrics. Twist also affects strength, elongation, hairiness, torque, and cover factor. Maintaining a consistent twist level within 3.5% CV is important to avoid quality issues. The formation of spirality in knitted fabrics can be reduced through methods like using low-twist yarns, balanced plied yarns, or alternating S-twist and Z-twist yarns in the feeders.
Warp knitting is a family of knitting methods in which the yarn zigzags along the length of the fabric, i.e., following adjacent columns ("wales") of knitting, rather than a single row ("course"). For comparison, knitting across the width of the fabric is called weft knitting.Warp knitting machines--needles are mounted collectively and rigidly in a horizontal metal bar (the needle bar that runs the full knitting width of the machine).
INTRODUCTION
The ring spinning will continue to be the most widely used form of spinning machine in the near future, because it exhibits significant advantages in comparison with the new spinning processes.
Following are the advantages of ring spinning frame
• It is universally applicable, i.e. any material can be spun to any required count
• It delivers a material with optimum characteristics, especially with regard to structure and strength.
• It is simple and easy to master
• The know-how is well established and accessible for everyone
Pile fabrics: Manufacturing methods include woven pile fabric formation & others methods such as knit pile fabric, tufted pile fabrics etc. A "Terry" or a "Terry Towel" as is generally known is a woven pile fabric formed by slack tension weave process. of weaving.
Hairiness is characterized by the quantity of freely moving fibre ends or fibre loops projecting from a yarn or textile fabric (woven, knitted or non woven fabrics).
In term of measurement Hairiness corresponds to the total length of the protruding fibres in unit length of one centimeter.
Warp knitting is a family of knitting methods in which the yarn zigzags along the length of the fabric, i.e., following adjacent columns ("wales") of knitting, rather than a single row ("course"). For comparison, knitting across the width of the fabric is called weft knitting.Warp knitting machines--needles are mounted collectively and rigidly in a horizontal metal bar (the needle bar that runs the full knitting width of the machine).
INTRODUCTION
The ring spinning will continue to be the most widely used form of spinning machine in the near future, because it exhibits significant advantages in comparison with the new spinning processes.
Following are the advantages of ring spinning frame
• It is universally applicable, i.e. any material can be spun to any required count
• It delivers a material with optimum characteristics, especially with regard to structure and strength.
• It is simple and easy to master
• The know-how is well established and accessible for everyone
Pile fabrics: Manufacturing methods include woven pile fabric formation & others methods such as knit pile fabric, tufted pile fabrics etc. A "Terry" or a "Terry Towel" as is generally known is a woven pile fabric formed by slack tension weave process. of weaving.
Hairiness is characterized by the quantity of freely moving fibre ends or fibre loops projecting from a yarn or textile fabric (woven, knitted or non woven fabrics).
In term of measurement Hairiness corresponds to the total length of the protruding fibres in unit length of one centimeter.
Knowing the basics of raw material, yarn production process and the other factors influencing quality will put the sourcing manager at the same eye level as a spinner /supplier when negotiating quality issues.
As a consequence this puts the sourcing manager in the position to pay the right price for the corresponding quality level.
This kind of know-how supports a retailer enormously in his efforts to establish a reliable supply chain which is based on mutual understanding.
Dynamic time warping and PIC 16F676 for control of devicesRoger Gomes
A presentation done as a part of the final year project during Semester 8 in the under-graduate degree course in engineering.
This presentation explains one of the modules of the project "Speaker and Speech Recognition based Embedded System Design for User Authentication and remote Device Control" which is the Speech Recognition Module.
It effectively explains the Dynamic Time Warping Algorithm used for Speech Recognition and how that is further used along with PIC 16F676 Microcontroller to acquire control of remote devices connected to the system.
Impact of Bearing Vibration on yarn quality in Ring Frameiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Polymer and Textile Engineering (IOSR-JPTE) is ambitious to disseminate information and experience in education, practice and investigation between polimer, fibric and all the sciences involved in textile.
Combing is a very important process for a spinning mill. The object of combing is removal of short fibres, Neps, impurities and to improve the fibre length uniformity followed with improvement in mean length. The removal of immature cotton, foreign matter and improvement in fibre fineness and fibre bundle strength are the additional advantages of combing process. In totality combing process significantly improves the cotton characteristics by removing the useless fibres (i.e. Fibres which are not suitable for a particular end use) from the process. These fibres are extracted as comber Noil waste. This Complete combing process carried out by action of different combing elements. During combing process along with useless fibres good quality fibres are also removed especially in modern high speed combers which are huge raw material & financial losses for the industry. We have studied in detail the combing action of these different combing elements w.r.t. removal of Neps, SFC % & other impurities with mean length improvement. The object of this article is to present the effect of different combing elements on cotton processed and how we can perfectly set these combing elements to get the better combing process with respect to desire Quality, so we can achieve maximum removal of useless fibres with minimum losses of good fibres.
“Evaluation of Sewing Performance of Plain Twill and Satin Fabrics Based On S...IOSR Journals
Abstract: Seam strength is an important factor in determining the durability of a garment. Seam strength is
determined by resistance to pulling force and abrasion. Seam tenacity break the fabric or the weakest stitch of
seam. Seam abrasion resistance is the amount of rubbing action needed to wear away stitches in the seam
strength is related to stitch type, thread strength ,thread tension, seam type,seam efficiency, width ,and stitches
per inch.Loop strength of thread is more important to durability the seam need not be stronger than the fabric
being sewn.A triple stitched lapped seam would not be necessary for a pair of corduroy jeans since the fabric
itself is not strong and would wear out before the seam.It is better to have the thread is an overstressed seam
that to damage the fabric.Our project objective is to find the seam of strength by using different type of materials.
An accident can occur at any time without any warning, and sometimes it can cause serious harm.
Any such untoward incident can have a significant impact on your finances; not only can the treatment be expensive, but if you suffer from any form of disability, it can affect your earning potential. You must think about how to manage, in case of an accident that may lead to disability.
Personal accident insurance provides a cover for permanent partial disability, temporary total disability and permanent total disability. If you suffer a grave injury, apart from expenses, there could be a loss of income at least for some time. The insurance will not only pay for expenses incurred in the treatment of injuries sustained but also provide a monthly or a gross payment till the time you aren’t working, which regular Life Insurance will not provide.
Even in the event of death, the future of your loved ones will be protected with a Personal Accident insurance.
With unpleasant surprises like accidents happening now and then, having insured for the accident is not an option. Even after an accident, one can enjoy financial stability and peace of mind if she/he had taken the Personal Accident insurance.
Today, as consumers become more aware and responsible about what they eat and drink, there is an increasing interest in, and consequently a rising demand for, organic products.
Without proof of certification, you cannot be assured that the product is, indeed, organic.
The organic labels certify that the products contain, among others, the following attributes: pesticide free, free of genetically modified/transgenic seeds, environmentally friendly, respects the workers safety, small-scale production, local production system, sustainable agriculture without use of chemical fertilizers.
The certification is among the attributes considered most important when buying organic products by the consumers. Consumers perceive superior value of products that possess an organic certification label.
With regard to the consumers’ opinions referring to labels, most believe that the labels give more credibility to products.
The researcher also found that product with an organic label is a differentiating factor at the moment of buying, due to the credibility, guarantee, confidence and safety conveyed by the label.
The roots of ecolabelling are found in the growing global concern for environmental protection on the part of governments, businesses and the public. As businesses have come to recognize that environmental concerns may be translated into a market advantage for certain products and services, various environmental declarations, claims and labels have emerged, such as natural, recyclable, eco-friendly, low energy, recycled content, etc.
Governmental, industry, NGO, investor and consumer efforts and awareness will serve as 5 key driving forces of sustainability in the months and years ahead.
Neoprene is a family of synthetic rubbers made by the polymerization of chloroprene. Neoprene can be produced into sheets at any thickness desired. In neoprene fabric the neoprene sheets are sandwiched between pieces of other fabrics, such as polyester or spandex, for function or for appearance.
For fashion, fun or functionality, neoprene is an extremely useful fabric and the uses for modern neoprene fabric are so many and so varied, you probably have something made of neoprene right by you now.
Designers already named neoprene as ultimate fabric for year ’round usage. Though typically reminiscent of material used for a scuba suit, designers are doing so many awesome things with the material this season. It’s sporty and cool,
Scuba fabric is the fashion version of neoprene, the skin-tight fabric used by scuba divers. Scuba is a double-knit fabric, usually made of Polyester mixed with Lycra. Some average stretch fabrics will stretch all over the place without structure but scuba has a far more calculated approach that results in a fabric that lends itself particularly well to feminine clothing.
With time, however, the scuba trend has become more sophisticated. From scuba dresses to scuba skirts, now you can wear this fabric to the office or for a night out in the town.
Online to offline (O2O) is a business strategy that attracts potential customers from online channels to make purchases offline in physical stores.
O2O commerce companies are employing various techniques to attract the potential customers from online into the store.
O2O commerce with proper strategy can make the purchasing at mall much more convenient and personalized that optimize customer experience and make them feel it’s so enjoyable to buy something.
The retail industry has shifted into this new concept of Online to Offline (O2O) in which online and offline channels share the same importance in achieving success.
It’s obvious that O2O business is now one of the most popular strategies throughout the retail industry and no one wants to be the outsider of this race.
The future lies in a convergence between online and offline sales.
Gemba Walk is the act of visiting the shop floor in Lean and Kaizen. Literally translated as 'The Real Place', it emphasis the importance of understanding for the management / leadership, what is happening at every level.
Gemba walks are a critical continuous improvement technique.
With a thoughtful and structured approach, Gemba Walks can improve communication and collaboration between staff and leaders. Employees also are more likely and able to describe inefficiencies, safety hazards, and other concerns when they are in their own workspace. This results in the identification of opportunities for improvement that may otherwise be missed.
The textile industry is about to take a giant step from being a supplier of fabrics to become a positive force in the development of society. Textile innovations improve people’s everyday lives and benefit the industry, the health care sector and the environment.
Smart textiles can be defined as textiles that are able to sense and respond to changes in their environment.
The integration of electronics in clothing promises a variety of new products and applications. . Whether for performance or aesthetic reasons, the focus within the textiles orb is on smart fabrics – from those that change their hue to those that regulate body temperature. Researchers are developing smart fabrics that do things that traditional fabrics cannot.
Historically, components have been produced by using subtractive or formative manufacturing processes.
Now manufacturers have a third process option – additive manufacturing, otherwise known as 3D printing.
3D printing is a process of creating a three dimensional physical object from a digital design (model).
The desire to play with fabric’s third dimension drew the researchers to 3D printing.
Thanks to this revolutionary technology, every piece of apparel is unique, made to measure with your own customization and its production process produces zero waste.
There are plenty of challenges that must be overcome before 3D-printed apparel goes main stream. The major challenge for 3D printing is replicating clothing fabrics such as silk, tulle material, or satin, among others.
Until the material problem gets solved, 3D-printed clothing will continue to look a whole lot more like an art project than an actual industry.
Key measure of the retailer’s success is selling as much merchandise as possible at the highest profit margin.
Retailers can no longer depend on random sourcing / buying in the hope that they will sell them all.
There are two major areas of profit leakage in retail. Firstly - lost sales resulting from lack of stock, and secondly - forced margin reductions (markdown) due to excessive stock.
There are processes and solutions in order to reduce and eliminate excess inventory and maximise profit. That is "Merchandise Planning".
Merchandise Planning is "A systematic approach by the retailer, aimed at maximising return on investment, through sales & inventory planning, in order to increase profitability”.
Main goal of Merchandise planning is to maximize the use of assets, and resources a company owns.
In the long run, effective merchandise planning can save time, help streamline business processes and objectives, and optimize and mobilize inventory to get it off the shelves into the hands of the consumers for the right price.
Retail industry evolving every day and we have seen the era where it has risen to influence of day to day life to such an extent that we can’t live without it.
There are new retail terms and definitions that add up every day into the retail business and should know them clearly.
Knowing the retail terms that are used in stores & online is, key to advancing, in the industry and having your operations run smoothly.
So, whether you're managing or expanding your retail business, here’s a quick primer on key retail business terms you should know.
All organizations have a way of doing things.
For some it rests in the mind of the leaders, for others it is translated onto paper and for most it is a mixture of the two. The logical step is to improve the working methods / systems and make them more predictable, more efficient and more effective – optimizing performance.
The Good/Quality management system is the management system that enables the organization to fulfill its purpose and mission. The adequacy, suitability and effectiveness of the management system is judged by how well the system enables the organization to achieve its objectives, operate efficiently and fulfill its purpose and mission.
The use of the word quality creates an anomaly and tends to represent the ISO 9001 standard as simply a tool to meet customer quality requirements and no others.
ISO 9001 controls processes, not products. The standard is concerned with the way an organization carries out its business and controls processes.
Over the last decade or so, as we started to become aware of the hazards of using PERC and other petro-chemicals, companies began looking for newer, more environmentally friendly solutions. Specialized equipment has been developed to aid in the finishing of wet-cleaned garments, and special softeners and additives have been created specifically for the wet-cleaning process.
The reason to choose a wet-cleaning system over dry-cleaning is obvious. It’s safer. For you, for me, for our children and the environment. Perchloroethylene is a toxic substance. It is dangerous to human and animal health and it harms the very environment we depend upon.
It is now totally safe to clean virtually any garment using the Wet Cleaning process!
A Merchandiser plays very important role in the apparel industry.
The objective of the merchandising management team is to get the correct balance between the expectations of the customer and the objectives of the company’s financial strategy.
Sampling department is known as the heart of an apparel industry. Company profit or loss depends on this department. Therefore the responsibility of this department is very high.
Careful study & understanding of Tech Pack/files will reduce errors in production, reduce issues with communication, and ultimately can save lots of money and frustration.
By applying their knowledge about fabric and clothing construction, the supplier will study the T/F and find the best way to manufacture the item while taking things like price and buyer’s requirements into consideration.
Global trade is dependent 80% on sea route than air route, simply for the fact that air route is far more expensive and is used only in case of light weight cargo, perishable cargo, and priority shipments or in other conditions where shipping would not be possible.
Shipping trade is characterized by shipping companies who own vessels and specialize in the transportation of certain types of cargo like General Cargo, Containerized cargo, bulk commodities carriers, oil tankers, gas tankers, OD cargo carriers, etc.
As the business processes and business entities in international trade are becoming more complex, it is becoming increasingly difficult to manage all of the activities on one’s own. Logistics service providers are an important factor in the business success of companies engaged in trade activities at national and international level. Logistics intermediaries come in different forms and under different names, but they all have the same goal: to provide help to companies in the transportation, storage, shipment and distribution of goods from the seller to the buyer or the final consumer.
Augment Reality is set to dominate the next age of retail through product visualization. AR gonna take a little while, because there’s some really hard technology challenges there.
But it will happen. It will happen in a big way. And we will wonder, when it does [happen], how we lived without it. Kind of how we wonder how we lived without our [smartphones] today.
Lasting success requires credible business practices and the prevention of such activities as fraudulent accounting and labour exploitation.
Recognition of the need for more ethically responsible business practices has seen the emergence of a strong global movement to embrace and promote the concept of social responsibility.
ISO 26000 : 2010 standard offers a definition of what it means to be a socially responsible organization and why it is important that companies adopt this position.
Emotional intelligence is the single biggest predictor of performance in the workplace and the strongest driver of leadership & personal excellence. So what is emotional intelligence?
The clothing industry generates more than $250 billion each year worldwide. With so much money at stake, it is tempting for companies to ignore the ethical practices, such as sustainability, pay rates, and employee safety that the industry should practice.
As companies expand their manufacturing and sourcing capabilities around the world, supply chain workplace conditions are increasingly scrutinized, particularly in developing countries
Consumers increasingly want to buy products produced under conditions where minimum standards of human rights for workers in global supply chains are achieved.
In the context of globalisation and international competition, many companies source labour-intensive goods from developing and newly industrialised countries. However, working conditions in these countries often do not comply with basic labour standards, such as those established by the International Labour Organization (ILO). To address this issue, many companies and associations have created individual codes of conduct and monitoring systems.
SA8000 and BSCI are some of the monitoring systems. The audit process helps to identify the better suppliers who can take on more business as non-conforming suppliers drop out of the supply chain.
To stay one step ahead of the trends or at least to keep up with the trend the retailers are increasingly going for quick-response collections / short orders. Here is the detail.
Remote sensing and monitoring are changing the mining industry for the better. These are providing innovative solutions to long-standing challenges. Those related to exploration, extraction, and overall environmental management by mining technology companies Odisha. These technologies make use of satellite imaging, aerial photography and sensors to collect data that might be inaccessible or from hazardous locations. With the use of this technology, mining operations are becoming increasingly efficient. Let us gain more insight into the key aspects associated with remote sensing and monitoring when it comes to mining.
Business Valuation Principles for EntrepreneursBen Wann
This insightful presentation is designed to equip entrepreneurs with the essential knowledge and tools needed to accurately value their businesses. Understanding business valuation is crucial for making informed decisions, whether you're seeking investment, planning to sell, or simply want to gauge your company's worth.
India Orthopedic Devices Market: Unlocking Growth Secrets, Trends and Develop...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, “India Orthopedic Devices Market -Industry Size, Share, Trends, Competition Forecast & Opportunities, 2030”, the India Orthopedic Devices Market stood at USD 1,280.54 Million in 2024 and is anticipated to grow with a CAGR of 7.84% in the forecast period, 2026-2030F. The India Orthopedic Devices Market is being driven by several factors. The most prominent ones include an increase in the elderly population, who are more prone to orthopedic conditions such as osteoporosis and arthritis. Moreover, the rise in sports injuries and road accidents are also contributing to the demand for orthopedic devices. Advances in technology and the introduction of innovative implants and prosthetics have further propelled the market growth. Additionally, government initiatives aimed at improving healthcare infrastructure and the increasing prevalence of lifestyle diseases have led to an upward trend in orthopedic surgeries, thereby fueling the market demand for these devices.
"𝑩𝑬𝑮𝑼𝑵 𝑾𝑰𝑻𝑯 𝑻𝑱 𝑰𝑺 𝑯𝑨𝑳𝑭 𝑫𝑶𝑵𝑬"
𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐬 (𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬) is a professional event agency that includes experts in the event-organizing market in Vietnam, Korea, and ASEAN countries. We provide unlimited types of events from Music concerts, Fan meetings, and Culture festivals to Corporate events, Internal company events, Golf tournaments, MICE events, and Exhibitions.
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Unveiling the Secrets How Does Generative AI Work.pdfSam H
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As a business owner in Delaware, staying on top of your tax obligations is paramount, especially with the annual deadline for Delaware Franchise Tax looming on March 1. One such obligation is the annual Delaware Franchise Tax, which serves as a crucial requirement for maintaining your company’s legal standing within the state. While the prospect of handling tax matters may seem daunting, rest assured that the process can be straightforward with the right guidance. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll walk you through the steps of filing your Delaware Franchise Tax and provide insights to help you navigate the process effectively.
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Improving profitability for small businessBen Wann
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3. Yarn Twist
Twisting is the primary binding mechanism of spun
yarns.
In general, twist is defined as a measure of spiral turns
given to a yarn in order to hold the constituent fibers
together.
In practice, yarn twist is described using three main
parameters:
• (a) twist direction,
• (b) twist level (turns/unit length), and
• (c) twist factor
4. Yarn Twist
The amount of twist inserted in the yarn can influence
many yarn characteristics.
It is, perhaps, the only binding mechanism that allows
the structure to retain a great deal of its flexibility (as
compared to glue or adhesive chemicals which result in
more stiff structures).
5. Yarn Twist
Highly twisted yarn is “Lively” and tends to twist upon it
and produce “Snarls”.
Fabrics made from highly twisted yarns will possess a
lively handle.
In general, the higher the level of twist in the yarn the
greater the tendency for the knit fabric to skew or
torque.
An increase in the amount of twist produces an increase
in the yarn strength, if yarn strength is increase, the
fabric strength will be increased.
6. Yarn Twist
The warp yarns are the yarns with highest twist.
The twist of weft yarns is approximately 4 - 5 % below
the twist of warp yarns.
The twist of hosiery yarns is approximately 12 – 15 %
below the twist of warp yarns.
A fine yarn requires more twist than a coarse yarn for the
same application.
7. Twist Multiplier ( TM)
The twist multiplier is an expression of the twist level
adjusted for yarn count.
The commonly used formula to determine the twist
multiplier of yarn for a given yarn count and a given twist
level is:
TM = TPI / √ Ne
The twist factor is also named twist multiplier in some
countries.
8. Twist &Twist Multipliers
The threshold between weaving and knitting yarn has
been determined to be the following twist multipliers:
• Combed cotton yarn αe = 3.7
• Carded cotton yarn αe = 3.9
Yarns with twist multipliers below these values have
been classified as knitting yarns.
This is the standard adopted by Uster
12. Twist Direction
When the yarn is woven or knitted into a fabric, the
direction of twist influences the appearance of fabric and
the hand feel.
13.
14. Twist Direction
Fabric A will be more lustrous than Fabric B, because
light reflected by fibres in the warp and weft is in the
same direction.
Fabric A will be softer while fabric B firmer.
15. Twist Direction & Spirality
Twist direction will also have a great influence on fabric
stability, which may be described by the amount of
skew or "torque" in the fabric.
16. Twist Direction & Spirality
One of the solutions to solve the problem of Spirality is to
coordinate the direction of twist with the direction of
machine rotation.
With other factors
to
give
less
counterclockwise.
Fabrics coming off the needles of a counterclockwise
rotating machine have courses with left-hand skew, and
yarns with Z twist yield right-hand wale skew. Thus, the
two effects offset each other to yield less net skew.
Clockwise rotating machines yield less skew with S twist.
being similar, yarn of Z twist
skew
with
machines
is found
rotating
17. Twist Direction & Strength
No consistent differences in strength for the cloths
made from yarns with S-twist and Z- twists yarn
18. Yarn Twist & Cover Factor
Since thousands of ends or wales are presented side-byside in the woven or the knit fabrics, a slight change in
yarn diameter can result in a substantial change in the
overall cover factor of fabric.
Differences in yarn twist lead to deviations in yarn
diameter. A reduction is yarn twist increases the yarn
diameter and decreases the density
The yarns with low twist numbers are bulkier and softer,
the fabric produced has a higher cover factor and softer
hand.
19. Yarn Twist & Cover Factor
Knit fabric strength is depends upon yarn strength and
stitch (loop) length.
20. Yarn Twist & Cover Factor
Higher TPI yarn is more rigid and have higher resistance
to bending while loop forming in knitting, than Low twist
yarn; hence, the radius of their curvature is longer.
Hence, we can not have small loop length.
An optimum combination of strength and flexibility can
be achieved through many options including a proper
level of twist.
21. Twist & Elongation
Increasing twist factor will leads to an increase of yarn
elongation, which in turn the increase of the knitted
fabrics elongation.
Good elongation values in the yarn will reduce fabric
holes.
Also, the increased twist fabric causes the increase in
seam elongation
22. Yarn Hairiness
The reduction of twist increases the hairiness
because the number of protruding fibers
increases.
Consequently the pilling tendency is also
affected.
23. The effects of loop length and yarn twist
factors on seam performance
Seam elongation was positively affected by loop length
and yarn twist factor.
By contrast, seam strength and seam efficiency were
negatively affected by loop length and yarn twist factors .
i.e. As the loop length and yarn twist factor increases,
seam strength and efficiency decreases.
Increasing yarn twist factor will increase the strength of
constituent yarns, which in turn increases the knitted
fabric strength. Thus, the increased twist factor will lower
seam efficiency.
24. Yarn twist CV%
In handling large quantities of data statistically, the
coefficient of variation (C.V.%) is commonly used to
define variability and is thus well-suited to the
problem of expressing twist variation.
It is currently probably the most widely accepted
way of quantifying irregularity.
It is given by :
coefficient variation (C.V.%) =
(standard deviation/average) x 100
25. Yarn twist CV%
The variation of yarn twist CV should not exceed 3.5% to
avoid quality problems which can be recognized by the
human eye.
26. Yarn twist for a specific end use
Alpha e is for English count
27. Summary
Cotton spun yarns for knitting should exhibit good hand
or softness, therefore need less twist.
This lower twist leads to softer yarn and fabric.
Yarn Torque or liveliness should be at a minimum to help
prevent excessive fabric shrinkage, skew, and torque.
28. Summary
The formation of spirality may be prevented by
various yarn-related methods.
Some of these methods include :
a) low-twist-lively yarns;
b) balanced plied yarns can be preferred,
c) and S-twist and Z-twist single yarns are
used at alternate feeders, respectively
29. Yarn Twist
We will discuss other parameters in next edition.
Until then,
Bye Bye.
Note:
This is a Training material prepared for internal
training purpose.