Global trade is dependent 80% on sea route than air route, simply for the fact that air route is far more expensive and is used only in case of light weight cargo, perishable cargo, and priority shipments or in other conditions where shipping would not be possible.
Shipping trade is characterized by shipping companies who own vessels and specialize in the transportation of certain types of cargo like General Cargo, Containerized cargo, bulk commodities carriers, oil tankers, gas tankers, OD cargo carriers, etc.
As the business processes and business entities in international trade are becoming more complex, it is becoming increasingly difficult to manage all of the activities on one’s own. Logistics service providers are an important factor in the business success of companies engaged in trade activities at national and international level. Logistics intermediaries come in different forms and under different names, but they all have the same goal: to provide help to companies in the transportation, storage, shipment and distribution of goods from the seller to the buyer or the final consumer.
Brief Account of Cargo Handling Facilities.cargo handling service is being amended so as to include services of packing together with transportation of cargo or goods, with or without one or more other services like loading, unloading, unpacking, under cargo handling service.
Brief Account of Cargo Handling Facilities.cargo handling service is being amended so as to include services of packing together with transportation of cargo or goods, with or without one or more other services like loading, unloading, unpacking, under cargo handling service.
Logistics management is the part of supply chain management that plans, implements, and controls the efficient, effective forward, and reverse flow and storage of goods, services, and related information between the point of origin and the point of consumption in order to meet customer's requirements
A PRESENTATION ON SHIPPING TRADE TYPES TRAMP AND LINER SHIPPING AND ITS FEATURES AND IMPACT IN GLOBAL SHIPPING WITH EXAMPLES OF ITS TRADE ROUTE AND CHARACTERISTICS
The Baltic Dry Index (BDI) is an economic indicator issued daily by the London-based Baltic Exchange.
Not restricted to Baltic Sea countries, the index provides "an assessment of the price of moving the major raw materials by sea.
Taking in 23 shipping routes measured on a timecharter basis, the index covers Handysize, Supramax, Panamax, and Capesize dry bulk carriers carrying a range of commodities including coal, iron ore and grain.
A shipping and trade index created by the London-based Baltic Exchange that measures changes in the cost to transport raw materials such as metals, grains and fossil fuels by sea.
The Baltic Exchange directly contacts shipping brokers to assess price levels for a given route, product to transport and time to delivery (speed).
The Baltic Dry Index is a composite of three sub-indexes that measure different sizes of dry bulk carriers (merchant ships) - Capesize, Supramax and Panamax. Multiple geographic routes are evaluated for each index to give depth to the index's composite measurement.
It is also known as the "Dry Bulk Index".
Logistics management is the part of supply chain management that plans, implements, and controls the efficient, effective forward, and reverse flow and storage of goods, services, and related information between the point of origin and the point of consumption in order to meet customer's requirements
A PRESENTATION ON SHIPPING TRADE TYPES TRAMP AND LINER SHIPPING AND ITS FEATURES AND IMPACT IN GLOBAL SHIPPING WITH EXAMPLES OF ITS TRADE ROUTE AND CHARACTERISTICS
The Baltic Dry Index (BDI) is an economic indicator issued daily by the London-based Baltic Exchange.
Not restricted to Baltic Sea countries, the index provides "an assessment of the price of moving the major raw materials by sea.
Taking in 23 shipping routes measured on a timecharter basis, the index covers Handysize, Supramax, Panamax, and Capesize dry bulk carriers carrying a range of commodities including coal, iron ore and grain.
A shipping and trade index created by the London-based Baltic Exchange that measures changes in the cost to transport raw materials such as metals, grains and fossil fuels by sea.
The Baltic Exchange directly contacts shipping brokers to assess price levels for a given route, product to transport and time to delivery (speed).
The Baltic Dry Index is a composite of three sub-indexes that measure different sizes of dry bulk carriers (merchant ships) - Capesize, Supramax and Panamax. Multiple geographic routes are evaluated for each index to give depth to the index's composite measurement.
It is also known as the "Dry Bulk Index".
5. PORT AMENITIES & OPERATIONS (PHE) GTU 3170623VATSAL PATEL
Ferry, Transfer bridges, floating landing stages, transit sheds, warehouses, cold storage, aprons, cargo handling equipment, purpose and general description: stack area, single point mooring, IS provisions
Containerization is a system of intermodal freight transport using intermodal containers (also called shipping containers and ISO containers). The containers have standardized dimensions. They can be loaded and unloaded, stacked, transported efficiently over long distances, and transferred from one mode of transport to another—container ships, rail transport flatcars, and semi-trailer trucks—without being opened. The handling system is completely mechanized so that all handling is done with cranes and special forklift trucks. All containers are numbered and tracked using computerized systems.
Oxford Shipping provide Door to door shipping to Ghana from USA. We provide same day pickup . AUTO SHIPPING DOOR TO DOOR. Oxford Shipping have low CONTAINER RATES TO AFRICA . Ship your CAR to Ghana from USA, full container load, less than container load. Ship BARRELS to Ghana , Ship boxes to Ghana. Moving to Ghana.
FERRY
•A FERRY IS A BOAT OR SHIP USED TO CARRY PASSENGERS AND SOMETIMES VEHICLES & CARGO AS WELL ACROSS THE WATER.
•Other names water bus or water taxi.
•Depend on Length of route, passenger or vehicle capacity, speed requirement and water condition.
Types of ferries
1. Double-ended
2. Hydrofoil
3. Hovercraft
4. Catamaran
5. Ro-ro
6. Cruiseferry
Cargo Handling Equipment's
•Cranes
•Fork-lift Trucks
•Mechanical Trucks
•Tractors & Trailors
•Dock locomotives
•Piling & Stacking Machines
•Conveyors & Elevators
•Pneumatic Handling Equipment's
•Oil handling equipment
It is designed to give an overall understanding of the elements of Passenger Shipping to include information on the evolution/history of passenger shipping, the logistics of passenger shipping, the intermodal linkages of passenger shipping as well as the marketing of passenger shipping.
Linghuan Sun Shared A Presentation Related Ship´s dimension & types of shipsLinghuan Sun
Checkout this presentation shared by Linghuan Sun in which your found really amazing, interesting and valuable knowledge. I hope this presentation increase your knowledge about ships and sea transportation. Follow Linghuan Sun on twitter https://twitter.com/LinghuanSun
An accident can occur at any time without any warning, and sometimes it can cause serious harm.
Any such untoward incident can have a significant impact on your finances; not only can the treatment be expensive, but if you suffer from any form of disability, it can affect your earning potential. You must think about how to manage, in case of an accident that may lead to disability.
Personal accident insurance provides a cover for permanent partial disability, temporary total disability and permanent total disability. If you suffer a grave injury, apart from expenses, there could be a loss of income at least for some time. The insurance will not only pay for expenses incurred in the treatment of injuries sustained but also provide a monthly or a gross payment till the time you aren’t working, which regular Life Insurance will not provide.
Even in the event of death, the future of your loved ones will be protected with a Personal Accident insurance.
With unpleasant surprises like accidents happening now and then, having insured for the accident is not an option. Even after an accident, one can enjoy financial stability and peace of mind if she/he had taken the Personal Accident insurance.
Today, as consumers become more aware and responsible about what they eat and drink, there is an increasing interest in, and consequently a rising demand for, organic products.
Without proof of certification, you cannot be assured that the product is, indeed, organic.
The organic labels certify that the products contain, among others, the following attributes: pesticide free, free of genetically modified/transgenic seeds, environmentally friendly, respects the workers safety, small-scale production, local production system, sustainable agriculture without use of chemical fertilizers.
The certification is among the attributes considered most important when buying organic products by the consumers. Consumers perceive superior value of products that possess an organic certification label.
With regard to the consumers’ opinions referring to labels, most believe that the labels give more credibility to products.
The researcher also found that product with an organic label is a differentiating factor at the moment of buying, due to the credibility, guarantee, confidence and safety conveyed by the label.
The roots of ecolabelling are found in the growing global concern for environmental protection on the part of governments, businesses and the public. As businesses have come to recognize that environmental concerns may be translated into a market advantage for certain products and services, various environmental declarations, claims and labels have emerged, such as natural, recyclable, eco-friendly, low energy, recycled content, etc.
Governmental, industry, NGO, investor and consumer efforts and awareness will serve as 5 key driving forces of sustainability in the months and years ahead.
Neoprene is a family of synthetic rubbers made by the polymerization of chloroprene. Neoprene can be produced into sheets at any thickness desired. In neoprene fabric the neoprene sheets are sandwiched between pieces of other fabrics, such as polyester or spandex, for function or for appearance.
For fashion, fun or functionality, neoprene is an extremely useful fabric and the uses for modern neoprene fabric are so many and so varied, you probably have something made of neoprene right by you now.
Designers already named neoprene as ultimate fabric for year ’round usage. Though typically reminiscent of material used for a scuba suit, designers are doing so many awesome things with the material this season. It’s sporty and cool,
Scuba fabric is the fashion version of neoprene, the skin-tight fabric used by scuba divers. Scuba is a double-knit fabric, usually made of Polyester mixed with Lycra. Some average stretch fabrics will stretch all over the place without structure but scuba has a far more calculated approach that results in a fabric that lends itself particularly well to feminine clothing.
With time, however, the scuba trend has become more sophisticated. From scuba dresses to scuba skirts, now you can wear this fabric to the office or for a night out in the town.
Online to offline (O2O) is a business strategy that attracts potential customers from online channels to make purchases offline in physical stores.
O2O commerce companies are employing various techniques to attract the potential customers from online into the store.
O2O commerce with proper strategy can make the purchasing at mall much more convenient and personalized that optimize customer experience and make them feel it’s so enjoyable to buy something.
The retail industry has shifted into this new concept of Online to Offline (O2O) in which online and offline channels share the same importance in achieving success.
It’s obvious that O2O business is now one of the most popular strategies throughout the retail industry and no one wants to be the outsider of this race.
The future lies in a convergence between online and offline sales.
Gemba Walk is the act of visiting the shop floor in Lean and Kaizen. Literally translated as 'The Real Place', it emphasis the importance of understanding for the management / leadership, what is happening at every level.
Gemba walks are a critical continuous improvement technique.
With a thoughtful and structured approach, Gemba Walks can improve communication and collaboration between staff and leaders. Employees also are more likely and able to describe inefficiencies, safety hazards, and other concerns when they are in their own workspace. This results in the identification of opportunities for improvement that may otherwise be missed.
The textile industry is about to take a giant step from being a supplier of fabrics to become a positive force in the development of society. Textile innovations improve people’s everyday lives and benefit the industry, the health care sector and the environment.
Smart textiles can be defined as textiles that are able to sense and respond to changes in their environment.
The integration of electronics in clothing promises a variety of new products and applications. . Whether for performance or aesthetic reasons, the focus within the textiles orb is on smart fabrics – from those that change their hue to those that regulate body temperature. Researchers are developing smart fabrics that do things that traditional fabrics cannot.
Historically, components have been produced by using subtractive or formative manufacturing processes.
Now manufacturers have a third process option – additive manufacturing, otherwise known as 3D printing.
3D printing is a process of creating a three dimensional physical object from a digital design (model).
The desire to play with fabric’s third dimension drew the researchers to 3D printing.
Thanks to this revolutionary technology, every piece of apparel is unique, made to measure with your own customization and its production process produces zero waste.
There are plenty of challenges that must be overcome before 3D-printed apparel goes main stream. The major challenge for 3D printing is replicating clothing fabrics such as silk, tulle material, or satin, among others.
Until the material problem gets solved, 3D-printed clothing will continue to look a whole lot more like an art project than an actual industry.
Key measure of the retailer’s success is selling as much merchandise as possible at the highest profit margin.
Retailers can no longer depend on random sourcing / buying in the hope that they will sell them all.
There are two major areas of profit leakage in retail. Firstly - lost sales resulting from lack of stock, and secondly - forced margin reductions (markdown) due to excessive stock.
There are processes and solutions in order to reduce and eliminate excess inventory and maximise profit. That is "Merchandise Planning".
Merchandise Planning is "A systematic approach by the retailer, aimed at maximising return on investment, through sales & inventory planning, in order to increase profitability”.
Main goal of Merchandise planning is to maximize the use of assets, and resources a company owns.
In the long run, effective merchandise planning can save time, help streamline business processes and objectives, and optimize and mobilize inventory to get it off the shelves into the hands of the consumers for the right price.
Retail industry evolving every day and we have seen the era where it has risen to influence of day to day life to such an extent that we can’t live without it.
There are new retail terms and definitions that add up every day into the retail business and should know them clearly.
Knowing the retail terms that are used in stores & online is, key to advancing, in the industry and having your operations run smoothly.
So, whether you're managing or expanding your retail business, here’s a quick primer on key retail business terms you should know.
All organizations have a way of doing things.
For some it rests in the mind of the leaders, for others it is translated onto paper and for most it is a mixture of the two. The logical step is to improve the working methods / systems and make them more predictable, more efficient and more effective – optimizing performance.
The Good/Quality management system is the management system that enables the organization to fulfill its purpose and mission. The adequacy, suitability and effectiveness of the management system is judged by how well the system enables the organization to achieve its objectives, operate efficiently and fulfill its purpose and mission.
The use of the word quality creates an anomaly and tends to represent the ISO 9001 standard as simply a tool to meet customer quality requirements and no others.
ISO 9001 controls processes, not products. The standard is concerned with the way an organization carries out its business and controls processes.
Over the last decade or so, as we started to become aware of the hazards of using PERC and other petro-chemicals, companies began looking for newer, more environmentally friendly solutions. Specialized equipment has been developed to aid in the finishing of wet-cleaned garments, and special softeners and additives have been created specifically for the wet-cleaning process.
The reason to choose a wet-cleaning system over dry-cleaning is obvious. It’s safer. For you, for me, for our children and the environment. Perchloroethylene is a toxic substance. It is dangerous to human and animal health and it harms the very environment we depend upon.
It is now totally safe to clean virtually any garment using the Wet Cleaning process!
A Merchandiser plays very important role in the apparel industry.
The objective of the merchandising management team is to get the correct balance between the expectations of the customer and the objectives of the company’s financial strategy.
Sampling department is known as the heart of an apparel industry. Company profit or loss depends on this department. Therefore the responsibility of this department is very high.
Careful study & understanding of Tech Pack/files will reduce errors in production, reduce issues with communication, and ultimately can save lots of money and frustration.
By applying their knowledge about fabric and clothing construction, the supplier will study the T/F and find the best way to manufacture the item while taking things like price and buyer’s requirements into consideration.
Augment Reality is set to dominate the next age of retail through product visualization. AR gonna take a little while, because there’s some really hard technology challenges there.
But it will happen. It will happen in a big way. And we will wonder, when it does [happen], how we lived without it. Kind of how we wonder how we lived without our [smartphones] today.
Lasting success requires credible business practices and the prevention of such activities as fraudulent accounting and labour exploitation.
Recognition of the need for more ethically responsible business practices has seen the emergence of a strong global movement to embrace and promote the concept of social responsibility.
ISO 26000 : 2010 standard offers a definition of what it means to be a socially responsible organization and why it is important that companies adopt this position.
Emotional intelligence is the single biggest predictor of performance in the workplace and the strongest driver of leadership & personal excellence. So what is emotional intelligence?
Knowing the basics of raw material, yarn production process and the other factors influencing quality will put the sourcing manager at the same eye level as a spinner /supplier when negotiating quality issues.
As a consequence this puts the sourcing manager in the position to pay the right price for the corresponding quality level.
This kind of know-how supports a retailer enormously in his efforts to establish a reliable supply chain which is based on mutual understanding.
The clothing industry generates more than $250 billion each year worldwide. With so much money at stake, it is tempting for companies to ignore the ethical practices, such as sustainability, pay rates, and employee safety that the industry should practice.
As companies expand their manufacturing and sourcing capabilities around the world, supply chain workplace conditions are increasingly scrutinized, particularly in developing countries
Consumers increasingly want to buy products produced under conditions where minimum standards of human rights for workers in global supply chains are achieved.
In the context of globalisation and international competition, many companies source labour-intensive goods from developing and newly industrialised countries. However, working conditions in these countries often do not comply with basic labour standards, such as those established by the International Labour Organization (ILO). To address this issue, many companies and associations have created individual codes of conduct and monitoring systems.
SA8000 and BSCI are some of the monitoring systems. The audit process helps to identify the better suppliers who can take on more business as non-conforming suppliers drop out of the supply chain.
Tata Group Dials Taiwan for Its Chipmaking Ambition in Gujarat’s DholeraAvirahi City Dholera
The Tata Group, a titan of Indian industry, is making waves with its advanced talks with Taiwanese chipmakers Powerchip Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation (PSMC) and UMC Group. The goal? Establishing a cutting-edge semiconductor fabrication unit (fab) in Dholera, Gujarat. This isn’t just any project; it’s a potential game changer for India’s chipmaking aspirations and a boon for investors seeking promising residential projects in dholera sir.
Visit : https://www.avirahi.com/blog/tata-group-dials-taiwan-for-its-chipmaking-ambition-in-gujarats-dholera/
3.0 Project 2_ Developing My Brand Identity Kit.pptxtanyjahb
A personal brand exploration presentation summarizes an individual's unique qualities and goals, covering strengths, values, passions, and target audience. It helps individuals understand what makes them stand out, their desired image, and how they aim to achieve it.
Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey throu...dylandmeas
Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey through Full Sail University. Below, you’ll find a collection of my work showcasing my skills and expertise in digital marketing, event planning, and media production.
"𝑩𝑬𝑮𝑼𝑵 𝑾𝑰𝑻𝑯 𝑻𝑱 𝑰𝑺 𝑯𝑨𝑳𝑭 𝑫𝑶𝑵𝑬"
𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐬 (𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬) is a professional event agency that includes experts in the event-organizing market in Vietnam, Korea, and ASEAN countries. We provide unlimited types of events from Music concerts, Fan meetings, and Culture festivals to Corporate events, Internal company events, Golf tournaments, MICE events, and Exhibitions.
𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐬 provides unlimited package services including such as Event organizing, Event planning, Event production, Manpower, PR marketing, Design 2D/3D, VIP protocols, Interpreter agency, etc.
Sports events - Golf competitions/billiards competitions/company sports events: dynamic and challenging
⭐ 𝐅𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐣𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐬:
➢ 2024 BAEKHYUN [Lonsdaleite] IN HO CHI MINH
➢ SUPER JUNIOR-L.S.S. THE SHOW : Th3ee Guys in HO CHI MINH
➢FreenBecky 1st Fan Meeting in Vietnam
➢CHILDREN ART EXHIBITION 2024: BEYOND BARRIERS
➢ WOW K-Music Festival 2023
➢ Winner [CROSS] Tour in HCM
➢ Super Show 9 in HCM with Super Junior
➢ HCMC - Gyeongsangbuk-do Culture and Tourism Festival
➢ Korean Vietnam Partnership - Fair with LG
➢ Korean President visits Samsung Electronics R&D Center
➢ Vietnam Food Expo with Lotte Wellfood
"𝐄𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐚 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐲, 𝐚 𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐣𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐲. 𝐖𝐞 𝐚𝐥𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐛𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐞𝐯𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐥𝐲 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐰𝐢𝐥𝐥 𝐛𝐞 𝐚 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬."
Implicitly or explicitly all competing businesses employ a strategy to select a mix
of marketing resources. Formulating such competitive strategies fundamentally
involves recognizing relationships between elements of the marketing mix (e.g.,
price and product quality), as well as assessing competitive and market conditions
(i.e., industry structure in the language of economics).
Cracking the Workplace Discipline Code Main.pptxWorkforce Group
Cultivating and maintaining discipline within teams is a critical differentiator for successful organisations.
Forward-thinking leaders and business managers understand the impact that discipline has on organisational success. A disciplined workforce operates with clarity, focus, and a shared understanding of expectations, ultimately driving better results, optimising productivity, and facilitating seamless collaboration.
Although discipline is not a one-size-fits-all approach, it can help create a work environment that encourages personal growth and accountability rather than solely relying on punitive measures.
In this deck, you will learn the significance of workplace discipline for organisational success. You’ll also learn
• Four (4) workplace discipline methods you should consider
• The best and most practical approach to implementing workplace discipline.
• Three (3) key tips to maintain a disciplined workplace.
VAT Registration Outlined In UAE: Benefits and Requirementsuae taxgpt
Vat Registration is a legal obligation for businesses meeting the threshold requirement, helping companies avoid fines and ramifications. Contact now!
https://viralsocialtrends.com/vat-registration-outlined-in-uae/
Digital Transformation and IT Strategy Toolkit and TemplatesAurelien Domont, MBA
This Digital Transformation and IT Strategy Toolkit was created by ex-McKinsey, Deloitte and BCG Management Consultants, after more than 5,000 hours of work. It is considered the world's best & most comprehensive Digital Transformation and IT Strategy Toolkit. It includes all the Frameworks, Best Practices & Templates required to successfully undertake the Digital Transformation of your organization and define a robust IT Strategy.
Editable Toolkit to help you reuse our content: 700 Powerpoint slides | 35 Excel sheets | 84 minutes of Video training
This PowerPoint presentation is only a small preview of our Toolkits. For more details, visit www.domontconsulting.com
Enterprise Excellence is Inclusive Excellence.pdfKaiNexus
Enterprise excellence and inclusive excellence are closely linked, and real-world challenges have shown that both are essential to the success of any organization. To achieve enterprise excellence, organizations must focus on improving their operations and processes while creating an inclusive environment that engages everyone. In this interactive session, the facilitator will highlight commonly established business practices and how they limit our ability to engage everyone every day. More importantly, though, participants will likely gain increased awareness of what we can do differently to maximize enterprise excellence through deliberate inclusion.
What is Enterprise Excellence?
Enterprise Excellence is a holistic approach that's aimed at achieving world-class performance across all aspects of the organization.
What might I learn?
A way to engage all in creating Inclusive Excellence. Lessons from the US military and their parallels to the story of Harry Potter. How belt systems and CI teams can destroy inclusive practices. How leadership language invites people to the party. There are three things leaders can do to engage everyone every day: maximizing psychological safety to create environments where folks learn, contribute, and challenge the status quo.
Who might benefit? Anyone and everyone leading folks from the shop floor to top floor.
Dr. William Harvey is a seasoned Operations Leader with extensive experience in chemical processing, manufacturing, and operations management. At Michelman, he currently oversees multiple sites, leading teams in strategic planning and coaching/practicing continuous improvement. William is set to start his eighth year of teaching at the University of Cincinnati where he teaches marketing, finance, and management. William holds various certifications in change management, quality, leadership, operational excellence, team building, and DiSC, among others.
Memorandum Of Association Constitution of Company.pptseri bangash
www.seribangash.com
A Memorandum of Association (MOA) is a legal document that outlines the fundamental principles and objectives upon which a company operates. It serves as the company's charter or constitution and defines the scope of its activities. Here's a detailed note on the MOA:
Contents of Memorandum of Association:
Name Clause: This clause states the name of the company, which should end with words like "Limited" or "Ltd." for a public limited company and "Private Limited" or "Pvt. Ltd." for a private limited company.
https://seribangash.com/article-of-association-is-legal-doc-of-company/
Registered Office Clause: It specifies the location where the company's registered office is situated. This office is where all official communications and notices are sent.
Objective Clause: This clause delineates the main objectives for which the company is formed. It's important to define these objectives clearly, as the company cannot undertake activities beyond those mentioned in this clause.
www.seribangash.com
Liability Clause: It outlines the extent of liability of the company's members. In the case of companies limited by shares, the liability of members is limited to the amount unpaid on their shares. For companies limited by guarantee, members' liability is limited to the amount they undertake to contribute if the company is wound up.
https://seribangash.com/promotors-is-person-conceived-formation-company/
Capital Clause: This clause specifies the authorized capital of the company, i.e., the maximum amount of share capital the company is authorized to issue. It also mentions the division of this capital into shares and their respective nominal value.
Association Clause: It simply states that the subscribers wish to form a company and agree to become members of it, in accordance with the terms of the MOA.
Importance of Memorandum of Association:
Legal Requirement: The MOA is a legal requirement for the formation of a company. It must be filed with the Registrar of Companies during the incorporation process.
Constitutional Document: It serves as the company's constitutional document, defining its scope, powers, and limitations.
Protection of Members: It protects the interests of the company's members by clearly defining the objectives and limiting their liability.
External Communication: It provides clarity to external parties, such as investors, creditors, and regulatory authorities, regarding the company's objectives and powers.
https://seribangash.com/difference-public-and-private-company-law/
Binding Authority: The company and its members are bound by the provisions of the MOA. Any action taken beyond its scope may be considered ultra vires (beyond the powers) of the company and therefore void.
Amendment of MOA:
While the MOA lays down the company's fundamental principles, it is not entirely immutable. It can be amended, but only under specific circumstances and in compliance with legal procedures. Amendments typically require shareholder
RMD24 | Debunking the non-endemic revenue myth Marvin Vacquier Droop | First ...BBPMedia1
Marvin neemt je in deze presentatie mee in de voordelen van non-endemic advertising op retail media netwerken. Hij brengt ook de uitdagingen in beeld die de markt op dit moment heeft op het gebied van retail media voor niet-leveranciers.
Retail media wordt gezien als het nieuwe advertising-medium en ook mediabureaus richten massaal retail media-afdelingen op. Merken die niet in de betreffende winkel liggen staan ook nog niet in de rij om op de retail media netwerken te adverteren. Marvin belicht de uitdagingen die er zijn om echt aansluiting te vinden op die markt van non-endemic advertising.
2. SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT (SCM)
• Supply Chain Management (SCM) is a series of
interconnected activities related to the transformation
and movement of raw material to the finished goods till
it reaches to the end user.
• It is the outcome of the efforts of multiple organizations
that helped in making this chain of activities successful.
3. SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT (SCM)
For example,
• One Entrepreneur decided to start the Retail business.
• She needs the Merchandise to sell.
• What are the activities involved in buying & selling these
Merchandise?
6. SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT (SCM)
• Above all, the supply chain management involves the
coordination and collaboration with the parties like
suppliers, intermediaries, distributors and customers.
• Logistics Management is a small portion of Supply
Chain Management that deals with the management of
goods in an efficient way.
7. LOGISTICS
• Logistics is the process of :
• planning,
• implementing, and
• controlling procedures
for the efficient and effective transportation and
storage of goods, including
services and related information, from the point of
origin to the point of consumption.
8. TYPES OF TRANSPORTATION
• In the international trade, there are various forms of
transportation that one can use to get their products from
India to wherever the product needs to go.
• These transportation types used are the following:
• Sea freight
• Air freight
• Rail freight
• Road freight
• River freight
9. TYPES OF TRANSPORTATION
• Sea freight and air freight are perhaps the two most
common forms of transportation for getting products
from India to distant markets in Europe, and elsewhere.
• Road and Rail are also important forms of
transportation in order to get the goods from the
incoming port to the final destination (be it a warehouse
or a distribution centre).
10. TYPES OF TRANSPORTATION
• A Liner (freight or cargo or ocean) is a cargo ship
sailing on a regular schedule and offer cargo space for
shippers.
• A tramp ship which does not have a fixed schedule or
published ports of call.
• Tramp ships (also called tramp freighters) trade on an
ad hoc basis depending on whatever cargo is required
to be shipped wherever.
11. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
FREIGHT AND CARGO
• “Cargo” and “freight” are the terms that are usually
associated with transporting goods.
• “Freight” means a cargo being transported via truck,
train, plane, and ship.
• “Cargo,” on the other hand, is usually used when the
goods are transported via plane or ship.
12. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
FREIGHT AND CARGO
• However, the “freight” is also the term used for the
payment when the certain goods are transported , while
“cargo” refers to the goods or the products and nothing
else.
• Cargo does not mean the money being charged for the
transport.
• Most cargo being transported can be referred to as
freight.
13. TYPES OF SHIPPING COMPANIES
• There are three types of shipping companies. They are:
• Liner operators - vessels that carry containers, these
sail on fixed dates and to predetermined ports.
• Charter operators - vessels that are utilised for a specific
voyage.
• Tanker and dry bulk operators - vessels that carry bulk
cargo such as oil and grains
14. DIRECT SHIPMENT VS TRANSHIPMENT
Direct shipment
• A direct service from the load port of origin country to
the discharge port of destination.
• Direct shipping happens when a vessel ships the cargo
on one shipping service to its final destination,
15. DIRECT SHIPMENT VS TRANSHIPMENT
• Transshipment or transhipment means - Transfer of a shipment
from one carrier, or more commonly, from one vessel to another
whereas in transit.
• Transshipments are usually made :
• where there is no direct air, land, or sea link between the
consignor's and consignee's countries,
• where the intended port of entry is blocked.
Because transhipment exposes the shipment to a higher
probability of damage or loss, some purchase orders or letters
of credit specifically prohibit it.
16. TRANSHIPMENT
• Purposes of Transshipment :
• To achieve a lower transport cost;
• To hide the identity of the port or country of origin
and legally or illegally achieving new country-of-
origin status for the merchandise; or
• To circumventing the foreign trade policies of the
country-of-origin or the country of destination (for
purposely evading certain trade laws or regulations).
17. Draft (or draught)
• The depth of a ship while in the water.
• Measured as the vertical distance between the
waterline and the lowest edge of the keel.
18. • Indian ports have an average draft ranging from 8m to 12m.
• Bigger ships, that can carry larger quantities of cargo, cannot
call directly (visit the port) due to lack of adequate draft or
depth at the berths and channels.
• In comparison, the draft available at major ports ranges from
12m to 23m, which enables them to handle even new
generation big container vessels and tankers.
19. MOTHER VESSEL VS FEEDER VESSEL
• Literally speaking, a "mother vessel" (an "M.V.") is a
term in oceangoing transport -- basically a seagoing
ship that serves only major ports.
• The word M.V. is usually used in contrast to a "feeder
vessel".
20. MOTHER VESSEL VS FEEDER VESSEL
• Feeders or Feeder vessels are the vessels that pick up shipping
containers from the smaller ports that have less draft & have
vessel length restrictions.
• Feeder vessel is normally small in size compared to Mother
vessel, hence, they can easily navigate the smaller ports.
• Feeder vessels serves between smaller ports and major ports.
• In other words, feeder vessels feeds cargo to Mother vessel
from smaller ports for exports and from major main ports to
smaller ports for imports.
21. TYPES OF CARGO SHIPS
• The following the different types of cargo ships are
used in international trade:
• (https://www.slideshare.net/krunal111/unit-1-categories20of20-cargo)
22. Tankers
• These ships are
designed to carry liquid
cargos such as oil,
petroleum, certain types
of chemicals and other
types of viscous
cargoes (even wine).
TYPES OF CARGO SHIPS
23. Container ships
• Perhaps one of the
most common type of
merchant vessel you
will encounter is the
container ship which
has been specially
designed to carry
containers
TYPES OF CARGO SHIPS
24. Ro-Ro
• So called because they
are roll-on/roll-off ships
where cars and trucks
are driven directly into
the hold of this vessel
across a ramp usually
at the back or stern of
the ship.
TYPES OF CARGO SHIPS
25. TYPES OF CARGO SHIPS
General cargo ships
• These are ships that have holds for carrying general and break-
bulk (non-containerised) cargos and for this reason they may
also be referred to as break-bulk ships.
• These ships are often equipped with their own gantry cranes
and are capable of loading and offloading their cargos
themselves.
• They complement container ships by carrying cargo that won’t fit
a container, as well as cargos that are too small for a full
container load (referred to as less-than full container load or
LCL).
27. Bulk carriers
• As the names suggests,
these types of vessels
are designed to carry
bulky cargos, usually
grains (such as maize)
and ores (such as coal).
TYPES OF CARGO SHIPS
28. Reefer ships
• These are ships designed
to carry perishable cargos
that require refrigeration or
some form of temperature
control such as fruits, meat,
fish, vegetables, dairy
products and other
foodstuffs.
TYPES OF CARGO SHIPS
29. Chemical carriers
• Some chemicals need
to be transported in
specially vessels
specifically designed to
handle the chemical in
question (such as
natural gas).
TYPES OF CARGO SHIPS
30. Lift-on/lift-off or Lo-Lo
ships
• They have their own
gantry or crane on
board, these vessels
can load and discharge
their own cargoes.
TYPES OF CARGO SHIPS
31.
32. TYPES OF CONTAINER
• Dry storage container. ...
• Flat rack container. ...
• Open top container. ...
• Tunnel container. ...
• Open side storage container. ...
• Double doors container. ...
• Refrigerated ISO containers. ...
• Insulated or thermal containers.
33. • The difference between them depends on the type of
goods that will be transported and their particular
characteristics to perform the loading and / or the
transportation.
34.
35.
36. The characteristics of the different containers:
• • Standard: It is a closed container y the most used for general
loads. Its opening is for front and real loading.
• • High cube: : It is a container similar to the standard, but a bit
longer in length.
• • Reefer: It is a refrigerated container.
• • Open top: It is a container with the top open through which
the goods are loaded.
• • Fixed flat rack: container with the sides opened.
• • Collapsible flat rack: It is a container like the fixed flat rack,
but collapsible.
• There are other containers, but for specific types of goods,
such as tanks, vented, for bulks, etc...
37. WAREHOUSE
• A warehouse is a commercial building for storage of
goods.
• Warehouses are used by manufacturers, importers,
exporters, wholesalers, transport businesses, customs, etc.
• They are usually large plain buildings in industrial areas of
cities, towns and villages.
38. TYPES OF WAREHOUSE
• Private Warehousing
• Public Warehousing
• Government Warehouses
• Bonded Warehouses
• Co-operative Warehouses
39. CFS
Container Freight Station (CFS)
• A dedicated port or container terminal area, usually
consisting of one or more sheds or warehouses and
uncovered storage areas where cargo is loaded
(“stuffed”) into or unloaded (“stripped”) from containers
and may be temporarily stored in the sheds or
warehouses.
40. ICD
• ICD means Inland Container Depot situated
at inland points away from sea ports. ICD is a term
used in India in the field of Imports and Export of sea
shipments. ICD is formed to help importers and
exporters to handle their shipments near their place of
location.
41. Bonded warehouse
• A warehouse authorized by customs authorities for
storage of goods on which payment of duties is
deferred until the goods are removed.
42. • The World Trade Organization (WTO) defines “Trade
Procedures” as “activities, practices and formalities
involved in collecting, presenting, communicating and
processing data required for the movement of goods in
international trade”.
43. • Several intermediaries are involved in international
transport operations, and in the next few slides we will
name them and explain their most important functions.
44. CARGO CLEARANCE SERVICES
• When small to large shipment is delivered from one
destination to another, be it national or international
ports, the handling of packages from its source location
to destination location is known as Cargo handling.
• The custom tasks and procedures involved throughout
the process are referred to as Cargo Clearance
Services.
45. SHIPPING LINES
• Regular shipping lines provide small and medium
shippers with regular service
• to different geographical destinations, stopovers
and fixed ports with preset prices and rates,
• that mainly engaged in international cargo
transportation or transportation of general cargos
and containers.
46. SHIPPING LINES
• The shipping line is responsible for the movement of
the cargo from port‐to‐port, organizes each vessel’s
rotation, and operates on strictly commercial terms.
• Some of the more commonly known shipping lines
include Maersk, Seaboard, Seafreight, and
Intermarine.
47. Carrier:
• The person or company responsible for the movement of
goods, by air, sea, road or rail, either by their own means
or outsourced.
• A carrier is a party who contracts with a shipper for the
transport of goods by sea.
48. NON‐VESSEL OPERATING COMMON CARRIERS
(NVOCC)
• A cargo consolidator in ocean trades who buys space from a
carrier and resells it to smaller shippers.
• The NVOCC issues bills of lading, publishes tariffs, and
otherwise conducts itself as an ocean common carrier, except
that it does not provide the actual ocean or intermodal service.
• They performs a similar service as a shipping line, such as
performing consolidation and containerization, etc.
• The major difference is that they do not own vessels.
49. Shipping agent :
• The representative of the ship-owner of the vessel at
port, and who makes all necessary arrangements with
local authorities thereby helping both the ship and the
crew and facilitates supplies as may be required.
• (Here Supplies includes : Fresh water including Drinking water, food stuffs,
fresh fruits & vegetables, groceries and other sundries, fuel, etc.)
50. FREIGHT FORWARDER
• A freight forwarder is an agent for the exporter in
moving cargo to an overseas destination.
• Traditionally freight forwarders dealing with cargo
bookings and contract with a Carrier to move the
goods.
51. FREIGHT FORWARDER
• They have the expertise in ocean freight and air freight
as well as all of the paperwork involved.
• These agents are familiar with the import rules and
regulations of foreign countries, the methods of
shipping, and the documents related to foreign trade.
• Export freight forwarders are licensed by the
International Air Transport Association to handle air
freight and the Federal Maritime Commission to handle
ocean freight.
52. FREIGHT FORWARDER
• Freight forwarders can help exporters prepare price quotes by
advising on :
• freight costs,
• port charges,
• consular fees,
• costs of special documentation,
• insurance costs, and
• their handling fees.
• In short - The forwarder advises his client, on the most effective
and economical way to make the shipments entrusted to him.
53. FREIGHT FORWARDER
• Other services that forwarders may provide in relation
to international transportation of goods are those
logistic services such as storage, handling, packaging,
etc.
• The freight forwarders can reserve the necessary
space on a vessel, aircraft, train, or truck.
• They can even help arrange for warehouse space and
storage of products at destination.
54. FREIGHT FORWARDERS
• Once the cargo arrives at the port, freight forwarders
may make the necessary arrangements with customs
brokers to ensure that the goods comply with customs
export documentation regulations.
• In addition, they may have the goods delivered to the
carrier in time for loading.
• They may also prepare the bill of lading and any
special required documentation.
• After shipment, they forward all documents directly to
the Exporter /customer.
55. FREIGHT FORWARDERS
• Freight forwarders can also make arrangements with
customs brokers overseas to ensure that the goods
comply with customs export documentation regulations.
56. Longshoreman:
• Is the company or person in charge of loading and
unloading the ship as well as of any handling needed.
• Longshoreman is also referred as docker, port worker,
or dock worker.
57. Stevedore
• Individual or firm that employs longshoremen to load
and unload vessels.
Stevedoring charges
• Fees for loading and stowing or unloading a ship.
58. Consignee of goods:
• Person or legal entity designated by the sender to take
charge of the goods and deliver them to the recipient.
• The consignee may be the buyer of the goods, or a
party acting as import agent for the buyer.
59. The receiver
• is the party who takes receipt of the goods from the sea carrier
at the port or place of delivery.
• Some consignees will take direct delivery of goods from
carriers,
• but many consignees in the liner trades employ an agent such
as a freight forwarder to act as a “clearing agent” in the
customs and other formalities of importing the goods, and for
transportation of goods to their ultimate destination.
• When loss or damage to goods is discovered on discharge, it
is often the receiver who notifies the carrier.
60. The notify party
• (a term found in most bills of lading and sea waybills) is
the party who must be informed by the carrier of the
ship’s arrival, so that collection of the goods can be
arranged.
• The notify party may be the consignee or a receiver.
61. CUSTOMS CLEARANCE
• Customs business is limited to those activities involving
transactions related :
• to the entry and admissibility of merchandise;
• its classification and valuation;
• the payment of duties, taxes, or other charges
assessed or collected;
• or the refund, rebate, or drawback thereof.
62. CUSTOMS CLEARANCE
• The Customs clearance work involves :
• preparation and submission of documentations
required to facilitate export (or imports into the
country),
• representing client during customs examination,
assessment,
• payment of duty and co taking delivery of cargo from
customs after clearance along with documents.
63. Customs Agent / customs brokers :
• Normally this is the person authorized by the
Directorate General of Customs to process the
necessary paperwork, and settle the taxes on import
and export operations, before the governmental
authorities.
• A customs house agent (CHA)’s work can also be
handled by Forwarder.
64. CUSTOMS HOUSE AGENT
Customs House Agent
• Cargo Clearance is a very technical and highly
regulated activity (for obvious reasons).
• CHA act as agents of importers/exporters with the
objective of using their expertise in smooth clearance of
cargo at the customs - export and import.
65. CUSTOMS HOUSE AGENT
• Like the Forwarder, the CHA will recommend efficient
means for clearing goods through the red tape of
customs entry rules and regulations
66. CUSTOMS HOUSE AGENT
• Customs Agents prepare the document of Shipping
Bills.
• Preparing shipping bill involves Classification of cargo
under specific classification that is a critical activity in
the entire process.
• CHA is also known as Customhouse Broker in US.
67. • (This PPT has been prepared for internal training purpose)