This document provides information on different types of yarns including their physical properties, advantages, disadvantages, and end applications. It discusses jute, acrylic, nylon, spandex, and cotton. For each yarn type, it outlines properties like tenacity, density, elongation at break, burning characteristics, and more. It also lists common end uses for each yarn such as bags for jute, clothing for acrylic and nylon, hosiery for nylon, exercise clothing for spandex, and more.

1. TYPES OF YARNS
PROPERTIES
END APPLICATION
NATIONAL INSITUTE OF FASHIION TECHONOLOGY
(CHENNAI)
Tina dhingra
MFTECH

2. JUTE
• 2ply
• S Twist
• Jute is also called "the golden fiber" for its color
and high cash value.
• It falls into the BAST FIBRE category
• It is the second most important vegetable fiber
after cotton, in terms of usage, global
consumption, production, and availability.

3. Physical Properties
Length
1.5-4mm
Diameter
0.015-0.020mm
Moisture Regain(MR%)
13.75%
Resiliency
BAD
COLOR
Strength(Tenacity)
white, offwhite, yellow, brown, grey
, golden
3-4 gm/denier
Elongation
1.7% at the break

4. Physical Properties
Dimensional Stability
Good
Abrasion Resistance
Average
Effect of light and heat
Average
Effect of Micro organism
Good(better than cotton)

5. BURNING TEST FOR JUTE
In Flame
Ignites immediately
Removed From Flame
Continues to burn,
doesn’t shrink from flame
Odor
Burning paper or wood
Ash
Light colored

6. • ADVANTAGES OF JUTE FIBERS
• Under stress jute extends only 0.5% to its stable
form and so gives wonderful dimensional stability.
• Protecting Environment
• The hairy surface of jute fabric gives it a capacity
to grip
• DISADVANTAGES OF JUTE FIBERS
• The crease resistance of Jute is very low.
• Drape Property is not good enough.
• Create Shade effect and becomes yellowish if
sunlight is used.
• If Jute is wetted it lose it’s strength

7. END-USES OF JUTE GOODS
• Bags and sacks for packing almost all kinds of
agricultural products, minerals, fertilizer, cement
• Wool packs and cotton bales
• Wrapping materials
• Carrier and backing fabric for carpet and linoleum
• Cordage and twines
• Webbing and fabric to cover inner springs in auto
seats and upholster furniture
• Cargo separator in ship

8. END-USES OF JUTE GOODS
• Brattice cloth for mine ventilation and partition
• Filling material in cable
• Roofing and floor covering apparel
• Footwear lining
• Wall covering and furnishing fabric
• Fashion accessories
• Jute geo-textile for erosion control and many more.

9. END APPLICATIONS

10. END APPLICATIONS

11. ACRYLIC
•
•
•
•
2ply
S Twist
Acrylic is also called acrilan fabric
Acrylic fibers are synthetic fibers made from a
polymer (polyacrylonitrile)
• DuPont created the first acrylic fibers in 1941 and
trademarked them under the name Orlon.

12. BURNING TEST FOR ACRYLIC
In Flame
Removed From Flame
Burns Quickly
Continues To Melt
Odor
Acidic Odor
Ash
Plastic Looking Bead

13. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Tenacity
Density
2-4.2 gm/den
1.16 gm/cc
Elongation at break
20 to 55%
Elasticity
Moisture Regain(MR%)
Good
1-2.5%
Resiliency
Good

14. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Melting point
230°C
Ability to protest friction
Good
Color
Light reflection ability
White or grey white
Good
Ability to protest heat
It can protest up to 150°C
temperature
Lusture
Bright to light

15. • ADVANTAGES OF ACRYLIC FIBER
•
•
•
•
They are light weight but have more bulk.
They are odor and mildew resistant too
Cleans easily.
A transparency rate of 93% makes acrylic the
clearest material known.
• DISADVANTAGES OF ACRYLIC FIBER
• It is more expensive than glass.
• If exposed to a direct flame it will melt and
eventually burn.

16. END-USES OF ACRYLIC
FOR CLOTHING: Sweaters, Women's and Children's Wear, Sports
Wear, Socks, Knitted Underwear, Pajamas, Gloves, etc
FOR HOME FURNISHINGS AND BEDDING: Carpets, A Variety of
Rugs, Upholstery, Cushions, Blankets, Pile Sheets, etc.
FOR INDUSTRIAL USES: Felts for Paper Making, Filter Cloth,
Alternative Asbestos, Tents, Sheet, etc.
FOR OTHER USES: Rag Doll, Toys, Auxiliary Tapes for Bags, Braids,
Cloth for Bags, Wigs, etc.

17. END-USES OF ACRYLIC

18. END-USES OF ACRYLIC

19. NYLON
• Nylon with Polythene
• Braided yarn
• Nylon is a generic designation for a family
of synthetic polymers known generically as
aliphatic polyamides
• Nylon was intended to be a synthetic
replacement for silk It replaced silk in military
applications such as parachutes and flak vests,
and was used in many types of vehicle tires

20. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Tenacity
6.0-8.5 gm/den
Density
1.14 gm/cc
Elongation at break
15-45%
Elasticity
Very good
Moisture Regain(MR%)
3.5-5%
Resiliency
Good

21. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Melting point
215°C
Ability to protest friction
Excellent
Color
White
Light reflection ability
Not good
Ability to protect heat
Upto 150°C
Lusture
Bright to light

22. BURNING TEST FOR NYLON
In Flame
Melts slowly
Removed From Flame
Odor
Self extinguishes
Unidentified odor
Ash
Plastic bead

23. •
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
ADVANTAGES
High elongation
Excellent abrasion resistance
Highly resilient (nylon fabrics are heat-set)
High resistance to: insects, fungi and animals,
molds, mildew, rot, many chemicals
DISADVANTAGES
Attacked by oxidizing agents
High shrinkage in molded sections
environmental problems regarding its lack of
being biodegradable

24. END USES OF NYLON
•
•
•
•
•
•
Women’s hosiery
Lingerie
Active sportswear
Soft floor coverings
Carpeting
Industrial uses include: Tire cord, machine
parts, such as gears and bearings
• Automotive uses: Belts, Ropes, Parachute
fabric – rip-stop nylon, intake manifolds, gas
(petrol) tanks
• carpet fiber

25. END USES OF NYLON
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
fishing lines
footwear
pantyhose
Wind pants
toothbrush bristles
Velcro
airbag fiber
slings and rope used in climbing gear and
slack lining

26. END APPLICATIONS

27. SPANDEX (LYCRA)
• Monofilament yarn
• Spandex or elastane or elastomeric fiber is
a synthetic fiber known for its
exceptional elasticity.
• The name "spandex" is an anagram of the
word "expands". It is the preferred name
in North America; in continental Europe it is
referred to by variants of "elastane",

28. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Tenacity
0.7 gm/den
Density:
1.21-1.35 gm/cc
Elongation at break
400-700%
Elasticity
Excellent
Moisture Regain(MR%)
0.6%
Resiliency
Very Good
Ability to protest friction
Excellent
Color
White or near white
Ability to protest heat
Not good
Lusture
Less bright

29. BURNING TEST OF SPANDEX
In Flame
Melts slowly
Removed From Flame
Self extinguishing
Odor
Acidic
Ash
Plastic bead

30. ADVANTAGES OF LYCRA
• IT IS USED IN CLOTHING BECAUSE ITS LIGHTWEIGHT,
COMFORTABLE, AND BREATHABLE.
• DUE TO ITS FITTING NATURE IT IS OFTEN USED IN
WOMEN'S CLOTHING RATHER THAN IN MEN'S CLOTHING.
• IT DRIES QUICKLY, MOISTURE WICKING AND IT IS EASY TO
DYE.
• IT HAS BACTERIA RESISTANT NATURE, BLOCKS ULTRAVIOLET
RAYS AND SO IT IS USED IN GARMENTS.
• GARMENTS THAT ARE MADE USING LYCRA ARE
SOCKS, SWIMWEAR, EXERCISE CLOTHING AND LEGGINGS.

31. DISADVANTAGES OF LYCRA
• SINCE IT IS TIGHT-FITTING, NON-CYCLISTS FEEL HARD
TO ACCEPT ITS APPEARANCE.
• SOCIAL ACCEPTANCE OF THIS TIGHT-FITTING IS STILL
SLOWLY BEING IMPLEMENTED.
• IF THE LYCRA IS BEING USED AS A BASE FOR GLUING,
AS MIGHT BE THE CASE IN A FOAM BODYSUIT, THE
GLUE WILL TEND NOT TO SOAK IN THE FIBERS AND YOU
WILL NOT GET GOOD ADHERENCE.

32. END APPLICATIONS

33. COTTON
• Cotton is a soft, fluffy
staple fiber that grows in a boll,
Under natural conditions, the cotton
bolls will tend to increase the
dispersion of the seeds.
• ply- 6
• Twist- S

34. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF COTTON
Color
White, creamy white, bluish white,
yellowish white or grey.
Textile Strength
3.5gm/den.
Elongation at break 5-10%.
Specific Gravity
1.54
Moisture
Regain(MR%):
Standard moisture regain is 8.5

35. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF COTTON
Elastic Recovery
It is inelastic and rigid fiber
Effect of Sunlight
gradual loss of strength
when cotton is exposed to
sunlight and the fiber turns
yellow.
Effect of age
It shows a small loss of
strength when stored
carefully
Effect of Heat
cotton is severely damaged
after few minutes at 240ºC

36. BURNING TEST OF COTTON
In Flame
Ignites immediately
Removed From Flame
Continues to burn
Odor
Burning paper or wood
Ash
Light ash, blows away

37. ADVANTAGES OF COTTON
• Environmentally friendly
• Durable
• Soft
DISADVANTAGES OF COTTON
• Cotton clothes will begin to fade after a few
years, particularly if left in direct sunlight.
• Cotton is not a very weatherproof fabric. If left
outside it is also likely to be damaged by mold
and mildew. Man-made fabrics tend to be
much tougher, and mold resistant

38. END APPLICATION