A BRIEF PRESENTATION ON GROWTH RATE & ESTIMATED POPULATION INDUSTRIALIZATION/URBANIZTION NOTE- FONTS MAY APPEAR WEIRD BCOZ THE FONTS I USED DO NOT APPEAR IN THIS PPT.

1. GROWTH RATE &
ESTIMATED
POPULATION
INDUSTRIALIZATION/
URBANIZTION
BY ROLL NO. 4,5,6

2. GROWTH RATE
The "population growth rate" is the rate at
which the number of individuals in a
population increases in a given time period
as a fraction of the initial population.
Specifically, population growth rate refers to
the change in population over a unit time
period, often expressed as a percentage of
the number of individuals in the population at
the beginning of that period

3. SALIENT
FEATURESO Approx. 95% of the growth is occurring in
developing countries.
O Currently, one third of the world’s population is
under the age of 15 and will soon enter the
reproductive bracket, giving more potential growth.
O The expected no. of births per woman at current
fertility rates is 6.1 for AFRICA, 3.2 for ASIA and 2.0
for NORTH AMERICA.
O The world’s population is growing at 176 people per
minute.

4. Relationship between growth rate & population
RATING ANNUAL
GROWTH RATE
YEARS FOR
DOUBLED
POPULATION
Stationary NO GROWTH
Slow growth Less than 0.5 More than 139
years
Moderate growth 0.5 to 1 139 – 70
Rapid growth 1 to 1.5 70 – 47
Very Rapid
growth
1.5 to 2.0 47 – 35
Explosive
growth
2.0 to 2.5 35 - 28
" 2.5 o 3.0 28 - 23

5. TYPES OF GROWTH
RATES
A POSITIVE GROWTH RATE indicates that
the population is increasing.
A NEGATIVE GROWTH RATE indicates the
population is decreasing.
A ZERO GROWTH RATE indicates that there
were the same number of people at the two
times—a growth rate may be zero even when
there are significant changes in the birth
rates, death rates, immigration rates, and age
distribution between the two times

6. DATA
OGlobally, the growth rate of the human
population has been declining since
peaking in 1962 and 1963 at 2.20% per
annum. In 2009, the estimated annual
growth rate was 1.1%.
OAccording to United Nations population
statistics, the world population grew by
30%, or 1.6 billion people, between 1990
and 2010. In number of people the increase
was highest in India (350 million)

7. AGE PYRAMID
OThe age structure of a population is best
represented as “age pyramid”. A vivid
contrast may be seen in the age distribution
of men and women in India and the UK.
OThe age pyramid of India is typical of
underdeveloped countries with a broad base
and a tapering top. In the developed
countries as in UK the pyramid generally
shows a bulge in the middle and has a
narrower base.

9. MEGA CITY
The UN defines mega cities as those with a
population of 10 millions or more. In 1950
only New York was classified as a mega city.
By 1995, the number rose to 14 mega cities
and Mumbai, Calcutta and Delhi were
included in the list.

10. URBANIZATION
O Growing urbanization is the recent phenomenon
in developing countries. The percentage of the
population residing in urban areas has
increased dramatically. The number of urban
areas and towns has increased from 3378 in
1981 to 3768 in 1991
O The increase in urban population has been
attributed both to natural growth and migration
from villagers because of employment
opportunities and availability of social services
such as education, health, entertainment etc.

12. IMPACTS OF
URBANISATION
I. INDUSTRIALIZATION:
Industrialization is a major cause of urbanization. It
has expanded the employment opportunities. Rural
people have migrated to cities on account of better
employment opportunities.
ii. SOCIAL FACTORS:
Many social factors such as attraction of cities, better
standard of living, better educational facilities, need
for status also induce people to migrate to cities.

13. iii. EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES:
In rural sector people have to depend mainly on
agriculture for their livelihood. But Indian
agriculture is depending on monsoon. In drought
situations or natural calamities, rural people
have to migrate to cities.
iv. MODERNIZATION:
Urban areas are characterized by sophisticated
technology better infrastructure, communication,
medical facilities, etc. People feel that they can
lead a comfortable life in cities and migrate to
cities.

14. EFFECTS OF
URBANIZATION
The various effects of urbanisation
include:
 LITERACY
 LIFE EXPECTANCY
 AGE OF MARRIAGE
 FAMILY PLANNING
 EDUCATION

15. FACTORS AFFECTING
POPULATION GROWTH
RATE
There are numerous factors affecting the population
growth rate. But the main factors include:
 BIRTH RATE
 FERTILITY
 DEATH RATE
 NET MIGRATION.

16. BIRTH RATE
It is the average number of the children born
in a country compared to the rest of the
population. In other words, it is the number
of births for every 1000 people in the
country.
Birth rate=Number of live births x 1000
Total population

17.  Existing age-sex structure
 Availability of family planning services
 Social and religious beliefs - especially in
relation to contraception and abortion
 Female employment
 Economic prosperity
 Typical age of marriage
FACTORS AFFECTING
THE BIRTH
RATE

18. HIGH BIRTH RATE
Causes are -:
I. Universality of marriage
II. Early marriage
III. Early puberty
IV. Low level of literacy
V. Low standard of living
VI. Absence of family planning habit

19. DECLINING BIRTH
RATE
I. Absence of natural death
II. Mass control of diseases
III. Advancement
IV. Better health facilities
V. Social consciousness

20. FERTILITY
 By fertility is meant the actual bearing of children.
 A woman’s reproductive age is from 15-45 years
(a period of 30 years). Information on fertility in
India indicates that a woman gives birth to an
average of 6-7 children if her marriage life is
uninterrupted.
 Fertility depends on several factors. The high
fertility in India is attributed to universality of
marriage, lower age at marriage, low level of
literacy, limited use of contraceptives etc.

21. FACTORS
AFFECTING
FERTILITYSome of the factors which have engaged the
attention of demographers are discussed
below:
 AGE AT MARRIAGE
 ECONOMIC STATUS
 EDUCATION
 FAMILY PLANNING
 SPACING OF CHILDREN

22. DEATH RATE
The number of people who die each year compared to
every 1000 people in the population is known as death
rate.
Death rate=number of deaths x 1000
Total population
Factors affecting Death rate in a country
 Medical facilities and health care
 Access to clean drinking water
 Hygiene levels
 Levels of infectious diseases
 Social factors such as conflicts and levels of violent crime

24. NET MIGRATION
Emigration is when a person moves out of the
country.
Immigration is when a person moves into a country.
Net Migration is the difference between emigration
and immigration.
If net immigration is positive it will lead to a
population increase, a negative net immigration will
lead to a fall in population of the country.