Global cities are characterized by wealth, power, and influence over other countries. They host large capital markets and are home to wealthy multinational companies and powerful organizations linked globally. London, New York, Paris, Rome, and Tokyo are some of the most well-known global cities that provide global competitiveness. A global city also contains international organizations, law firms, stock exchanges, and headquarters that influence the world economy. Demographic changes, such as population growth and migration patterns, also impact global cities.

1. GLOBAL POPULATION AND MOBILITY
CHAPTER 5
Prepared by: Neňa Divina D. Fevidal, RL, CAR-MLIS
Instructor

2.  A global city has wealth, power and influence to other countries as well as
hosts the largest capital markets.
 Moreover, a city that has wealthy multinational companies, good
infrastructure, better economy, well-educated and diverse populations and
powerful organizations as well as a good political structure that are linked
to the other parts of the world like nowhere else is considered to be global
(Badcock, 2002: p31).
 These dimensions are cultural experience, business activity, human capital
as well as political engagement.
 London, New York, Paris, Rome and Tokyo are one of the most well-known
global cities as it provides global competitiveness for its citizens and
companies.
GLOBAL CITY

3. • Firstly, a city should have a combination of powerful,
strong and unique culture, style and history.
• Secondly, a global city is a city of demographic and
economic change. It contains international
organizations, different firms such as law firms,
headquarters for the multinational countries as well as
stock exchanges that influences the world’s economy.
• According to Lipsitz (2010), a global city needs to have
a lot of capital, information on trade, business and
multinational companies.
GLOBAL CITY
There are several
ways
in which a city can be
considered as a global
city

4. GLOBAL DEMOGRAPHY
Demo - people
Graphy - measurement
The study of statistics such as births, deaths, income, or the incidence
of disease, which illustrate the changing structure of human
populations. Oxford
One of demography’s main contributions to societal planning is to
provide projections of the future population.
Demographic change can influence the underlying growth rate of the
economy, structural productivity growth, living standards, savings
rates, consumption, and investment; it can influence the long-run
unemployment rate and equilibrium interest rate, housing market
trends, and the demand for financial assets.

5. Our growing population
• In 1950, five years after the founding of the United Nations, world population
was estimated at around 2.6 billion people. It reached 5 billion in 1987 and 6
billion in 1999.
• In October 2011, the global population was estimated to be 7 billion.
• A global movement 7 Billion Actions was launched to mark this milestone.
• The world’s population is expected to increase by 2 billion persons in the next
30 years, from 7.7 billion currently to 9.7 billion in 2050 and could peak at
nearly 11 billion around 2100.
GLOBAL DEMOGRAPHY

6. China and India: most populous countries
-Sixty-one per cent of the global population lives in Asia (4.7 billion)
-17 per cent in Africa (1.3 billion)
-10 per cent in Europe (750 million)
-8 per cent in Latin America and the Caribbean (650 million),
- and the remaining 5 per cent in Northern America (370 million) and Oceania
(43 million).
• China (1.44 billion) and India (1.39 billion) remain the two most populous countries of
the world, both with more than 1 billion people, representing 19 and 18 per cent of
the world’s population, respectively.
• Around 2027, India is projected to overtake China as the world’s most populous
country, while China’s population is projected to decrease by 31.4 million, or around
2.2 per cent, between 2019 and 2050.
(Source: World Population Prospects 2019)
GLOBAL DEMOGRAPHY

7. The world in 2100
• The world population is projected to reach 8.5 billion in 2030, and to increase
further to 9.7 billion in 2050 and 11.2 billion by 2100. As with any type of
projection, there is a degree of uncertainty surrounding these latest
population projections.
• These figures are based on the medium projection variant, which assumes a
decline of fertility for countries where large families are still prevalent, as well
as a slight increase of fertility in several countries with fewer than two
children per woman on average.
• Survival prospects are also projected to improve in all countries.
GLOBAL DEMOGRAPHY

8. Factors influencing the population growth
• Fertility rates
Future population growth is highly dependent on the path that future fertility
will take. According to the World Population Prospects (2019 Revision), global
fertility is projected to fall from 2.5 children per woman in 2019 to 2.2 in 2050.
• Increasing longevity
Overall, significant gains in life expectancy have been achieved in recent years.
Globally, life expectancy at birth is expected to rise from 72.6 years in 2019 to
77.1 years in 2050.
• International migration
In some countries and areas the impact of migration on population size is
significant, namely in countries that send or receive large numbers of economic
migrants and those affected by refugee flows.
GLOBAL DEMOGRAPHY

9. 7,979,968,846 Current population
4,026,334,714 Current male population (50.5%)
3,953,634,132 Current female population (49.5%)
51,804,451 Births year to date
277,019 Births today
20,088,104 Deaths year to date
107,419 Deaths today
0 Net migration year to date
0 Net migration today
31,716,347 Population growth year to date
169,600 Population growth today
Source: deathmeters.info
today This year
Coronary artery disease
16,689 15.51 % 3,116,293
Stroke
11,895 11.06 % 2,221,160
Lower respiratory tract infection
6,082 5.65 % 1,135,590
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
6,043 5.62 % 1,128,358
Trachea, bronchus, lung cancers
3,230 3.00 % 603,050
World Population Top 5 death causes in the World

10. GLOBAL MIGRATION
human migration is the movement of people from one place in the world to
another.
types of human migration include:
• internal migration: moving within a state, country, or continent
• external migration: moving to a different state, country, or continent
• emigration: leaving one country to move to another
• immigration: moving into a new country
• return migration: moving back to where you came from
• seasonal migration: moving with each season or in response to labor or
climate conditions

11. people who migrate fall into several
categories:
• An emigrant is a person who is leaving one
country to live in another.
• An immigrant is a person who is entering a
country from another to make a new home.
• A refugee is a person who has moved to a
new country because of a problem in their
former home.
GLOBAL MIGRATION
People have moved from their home countries for
centuries, for all sorts of reasons. Some are drawn to
new places by ʻpull ʻ factors, others find it difficult to
remain where they are and migrate because of ʻpushʼ
factors.
Why do
people migrate?

12. Pull Factors Push Factors
Developed countries, or industrialised city areas
within countries, draw labour from countries or
regions where incomes are lower.
• Lack of prospects for career advancement
• International transport has never been easier and is
cheaper than ever, relative to incomes.
• Poverty and low incomes
• The telephone and internet make it easier to access
information.
• High unemployment rates
• Falling birth rates in developed countries contribute
to labour shortages and skills gaps.
• Persecution and poor human rights
• People are drawn to stable democracies where
human rights and religious freedoms are more likely to
be respected.
• Internal conflict and war
• Many people in other parts of the world speak
English or want to learn English.
• Climate change, natural disasters and famine
• Young people move in order to get better jobs or
improve their qualifications, including their language
skills.

13. GLOBAL
MIGRATION
• There are an estimated 272 million
international migrants – 3.5% of the
world’s population.
• While most people leave their home
countries for work, millions have been
driven away due to conflict, violence and
climate change.
• Most migrants come from India; the
United States is the primary destination.

15. Image Source: World Migration Report 2020

16. Sources:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/global-city
https://www.grin.com/document/279988
https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2015/10/how-are-global-
demographics-changing/
https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/01/global-migration-can-be-
a-success/
https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/demography/