This document discusses life expectancy and infant mortality rates in India. It provides definitions of life expectancy from the WHO and statistics on how life expectancy in India has risen from 42 years in 1960 to over 67 years for males and 69 years for females currently. The document also examines causes of high and low life expectancy across countries and Indian states. It notes that while India has made progress in improving health indicators like life expectancy and reducing infant mortality, it has been slower in raising income levels. Major causes of infant mortality in India are identified as birth asphyxia, pneumonia, birth complications, neonatal infections, diarrhea and malnutrition.

1. ALL OF YOU

2. Presented by :
SAHANAWAJ SAMIM AKHTAR
Enrol. No. GH-8751
Roll No. 16-BED-83
B.Ed. III Semester
Assessor
:
DR. MOHD. SHAKIR
Assistant Professor
Department Of Education
Aligarh Muslim University,
Aligarh
PRESENTER
ZEBA FARRUKH
ROLL NO-17BEDW-23

3. DEFINITION: LIFE EXPECTANCY
• The World Health Organization defines life
expectancy as –
“The average number of years a
person is expected to live on the basis of the
current mortality rates and prevalence
distribution of health states in a
population".
• In India, average life expectancy which used to
be around 42 in 1960, steadily climbed to around
48 in 1980, 58.5 in 1990 and around 62 in 2000.

4. DEFINITION Cont…..
Statistics released by the Union ministry
of health and family welfare show that life
expectancy in India has gone up by five years,
from 62.3 years for males and 63.9 years for
females in 2001-2005 to 67.3 years and 69.6
years respectively in 2011-2015.

5. INDIA: LIFE EXPECTANCY,
ACCORDING TO WHO

6. CAUSES OF HIGH LIFE EXPECTANCY
• Advanced in Public health, nutrition and medicine
• Advanced higher Education
• High Per-capita income
• Increased production of Food and shelter
• Government policies
• Examples- World- Singapore, Japan
India- Kerala

7. CAUSES OF LOW LIFE EXPECTANCY
• Perinatal (Death immediately before and after birth) and
maternal conditions, taking the lives of children and
mothers.
• Injury, riots and violence caused death at an “epidemic
proportion”.
• There were non-communicable diseases such as stroke,
heart disease, diabetes, chronic lung disease and
cancer.
• Low level of education
• Unequal distribution of clean water
• Examples- World- Most of the African Countries
India- Assam,UP

8. LIFE EXPECTANCY BY STATES
(INDIA)

9. LIFE EXPECTANCY, CURRENT SCENERIO-
In the 70 years since independence,
India has made most progress in
improving life expectancy, and
reducing infant mortality rates but has
been slower in improving the level of
income,

10. INFANT MORTALITY
Infant Mortality refers the number
of deaths of infants under one year old in a given
year per 1,000 live births in the same year. This
rate is often used as an indicator of the level of
health in a country.
• Infant mortality rate: total: 39.1 deaths/1,000
live births
Male: 38 deaths/1,000 live births
Female: 40.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2017
est.)
• Source: CIA World Factbook -

11. MAJOR CAUSES OF INFANT MORTALITY
Infant mortality is still a major cause of concern
in our country, most of which is attributed to
conditions like-
• BIRTH ASPHYXIA,
• PNEUMONIA,
• BIRTHING COMPLICATIONS,
• NEONATAL INFECTIONS,
• DIARRHEA,
• MALARIA, AND
• MALNUTRITION

12. INFANT MORTALITY(Future
Projection/1000)

13. • https://www.healthenablr.com/welltips/major-causes-infant-
mortality-india
• https://www.quora.com/Why-is-life-expectancy-as-low-as-
64-in-India
• http://niti.gov.in/content/infant-mortality-rate-imr-1000-live-
births
• http://www.indiatogether.org/health/infofiles/life.htm
• http://www.worldlifeexpectancy.com/india-life-expectancy
• https://knoema.com/atlas/India/topics/Demographics/Age/L
ife-expectancy-at-birth
• https://www.firstpost.com/india/70-years-of-independence-
indias-life-expectancy-literacy-indicators-look-up-while-
imr-income-inequality-are-worries-3928501.html